Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.M...Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.Methods APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice(APP/PS1)of different ages were used to examine spatiotemporal changes in Aβplaque deposition.Antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining were used to detect Aβplaque deposition in the same brain region of adjacent slices from model mice,and the results were compared.Results With aging,Aβplaques first appeared in the cortex and then the deposition increased throughout the whole brain.Significantly greater plaque deposition was detected by 6E10 antibody than that analyzed with Gallyas silver staining or thioflavin-S staining(P<0.05).Plaque deposition did not show significant difference between the APP/PS1 mice brains assayed with Gallyas silver staining and ones with thioflavin-S staining(P=0.0033).Conclusions The APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease could mimick the progress of Aβplaques occurred in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Antibody detection of Aβdeposition may be more sensitive than chemical staining methods.展开更多
Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was e...Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was estimated by three different staining methods:2%acetic orcein,2%acetic carmine,and Alexander’s stain.The young inflorescences of twenty accessions were collected and fixed in a solution of ethanol:acetic acid(3:1)for 24 hours,then stored in ethanol 70%under refrigeration.Six slides per plant,two for each stain,were prepared by squashing,and 300 pollen grains per slide were analyzed.Pollen viability was high(>70%)for most accessions of P.paniculata using the Alexander’s stain,which proved the most adequate method to estimate pollen viability.展开更多
Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. T...Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on improving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai（CV6）, Zhongwan（CV12）, Danzhong（CV17）, bilateral Zusanli（ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai（SP10） acupoints was performed once a day（1-day rest after 6-day treatment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8（SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1（SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on im- proving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai （CV6）, Zhongwan （CV 12）, Danzhong （CV17）, bilateral Zusanli （ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai （SP10） acupoints was performed once a day （1-day rest after 6-day treat- ment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stabili...AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stability.METHODS： A comparative prospective interventiona case study included 45 patients with bilateral severe form of aqueous deficient dry eye. In each patient, the smar plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the right eye which was considered as study group 1 and silicone plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the left eye o the same patient which was considered as study group2. All patients were subjected to careful history taking and questionnaire for subjective assessment of severity of symptoms. Corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein rose bengal staining, Schirmer＇s I test, tear film break up time and conjunctival impression cytology were performed pre and 1, 3 and 6mo post plug insertion.RESULTS： A statistically significant improvement in subjective and objective manifestations occurred following treatment with both types of plugs（P 〈0.01）The thermosensitive plug caused significant overal improvement, decrease in frequency of application o tear substitutes and improvement of conjunctiva impression cytology parameters in the inserted side（P 〈0.01）. Canaliculitis was reported in two eyes（4.4% following punctal occlusion using thermosensitive plug（study group 1）. Spontaneous plug loss occurred in 21eyes（46.6%） in the silicone plug group（study group 2）.CONCLUSION： Improvement of subjective and objective manifestations of aqueous deficient dry eye occurs following punctal plug occlusion. Thermosensitive plug has good patient＇s compliance with fewer complications and lower rates of loss compared to the silicone plug.展开更多
AIM: To study the endocytoscopic visualization of squamous cell islands within Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Endocytoscopy (ECS) has been studied in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, with controversial...AIM: To study the endocytoscopic visualization of squamous cell islands within Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Endocytoscopy (ECS) has been studied in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, with controversial results. In initial studies, however, a soft catheter type endocytoscope was used, while only methylene blue dye was used for the staining of Barrett's mucosa. Integrated type endocytoscopes (GIF-Q260 EC, Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan) have been recently developed, with the incorporation of a high-power magnifying endocytoscope into a standard endoscope together with narrow-band imaging (NBI). Moreover, double staining with a mixture of 0.05% crystal violet and 0.1% of methylene blue (CM) during ECS enables higher quality images comparable to conventional hematoxylin eosin histopathological images.RESULTS: In vivo endocytoscopic visualization of papillary squamous cell islands within glandular Barrett's epithelium in a patient with long-segment Barrett's esophagus is reported. Conventional white light endoscopy showed typical long-segment Barrett's esophagus, with small squamous cell islands within normal Barrett's mucosa, which were better visualized by NBI endoscopy. ECS after double CM staining showed regular Barrett's esophagus, while higher magnification (×480) revealed the orifices of glandular structures better. Furthermore, typical squamous cell papillary protrusion, classified as endocytoscopic atypia classification (ECA) 2 according to ECA, was identified within regular glandular Barrett's mucosa. Histological examination of biopsies taken from the same area showed squamous epithelium within glandular Barrett's mucosa, corresponding well to endocytoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo visualization of esophageal papillary squamous cell islands surrounded by glandular Barrett's epithelium.展开更多
BACKGROUND Collagenous gastritis(CG) is a rare condition whose pathogenesis may be related to immune abnormalities. We report a case of CG from China.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old woman presented with recurrent abdominal...BACKGROUND Collagenous gastritis(CG) is a rare condition whose pathogenesis may be related to immune abnormalities. We report a case of CG from China.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old woman presented with recurrent abdominal distension and discomfort for 3 mo. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy found diffuse nodular elevation-depression changes in the mucosa of the entire gastric corpus.Endoscopic ultrasound showed predominant involvement of the lamina propria and submucosa, and computed tomography imaging showed mild enhancement of the gastric wall. Pathological histology revealed that the thickness of the subepithelial collagen band was about 40 μm, and the Masson trichrome staining result was positive and the Congo red staining result was negative. This case is consistent with the child-adolescent type of CG.CONCLUSION Serum pepsinogen Ⅰ, pepsinogen Ⅱ, pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio, and gastrin-17 may be potential non-invasive monitoring markers. Currently, treatments for CG vary,and the likely prognosis is unknown. Individual cases of gastric cancer in patients with CG have been reported.展开更多
BACKGROUND Whipple’s disease is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei.Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms,and routine laboratory and imaging examination results also lack specificity.The...BACKGROUND Whipple’s disease is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei.Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms,and routine laboratory and imaging examination results also lack specificity.The diagnosis often relies on invasive manipulation,pathological examination,and molecular techniques.These difficulties in diagnosing Whipple’s disease often result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports on the case of a 58-year-old male patient who complained of fatigue and decreased exercise capacity.The results of routine blood tests indicated hypochromic microcytic anemia.Results of gastroscopy and capsule endoscopy showed multiple polypoid bulges distributed in the duodenal and proximal jejunum.A diagnosis of small intestinal adenomatosis was initially considered;hence,the Whipple procedure,a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy,was performed.Pathological manifestations showed many periodic acid-Schiff-positive macrophages aggregated in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum,upper jejunum,and surrounding lymph nodes.Based on comprehensive analysis of symptoms,laboratory findings,and pathological manifestations,the patient was finally diagnosed with Whipple’s disease.After receiving 1 mo of antibiotic treatment,the fatigue and anemia were significantly improved.CONCLUSION This case presented with atypical gastrointestinal manifestations and small intestinal polypoid bulges,which provided new insight on the diagnosis of Whipple’s disease.展开更多
基金Supported by the 2016 Major Collaborative Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-1004)
文摘Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.Methods APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice(APP/PS1)of different ages were used to examine spatiotemporal changes in Aβplaque deposition.Antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining were used to detect Aβplaque deposition in the same brain region of adjacent slices from model mice,and the results were compared.Results With aging,Aβplaques first appeared in the cortex and then the deposition increased throughout the whole brain.Significantly greater plaque deposition was detected by 6E10 antibody than that analyzed with Gallyas silver staining or thioflavin-S staining(P<0.05).Plaque deposition did not show significant difference between the APP/PS1 mice brains assayed with Gallyas silver staining and ones with thioflavin-S staining(P=0.0033).Conclusions The APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease could mimick the progress of Aβplaques occurred in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Antibody detection of Aβdeposition may be more sensitive than chemical staining methods.
文摘Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was estimated by three different staining methods:2%acetic orcein,2%acetic carmine,and Alexander’s stain.The young inflorescences of twenty accessions were collected and fixed in a solution of ethanol:acetic acid(3:1)for 24 hours,then stored in ethanol 70%under refrigeration.Six slides per plant,two for each stain,were prepared by squashing,and 300 pollen grains per slide were analyzed.Pollen viability was high(>70%)for most accessions of P.paniculata using the Alexander’s stain,which proved the most adequate method to estimate pollen viability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603686,81603684the High School Science and Technology Fund Planning Project of Tianjin of China,No.20120211+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(Key Program),No.15JCZDJC36700,16JCZDJC37500the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.17JCYBJC26200
文摘Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on improving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai（CV6）, Zhongwan（CV12）, Danzhong（CV17）, bilateral Zusanli（ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai（SP10） acupoints was performed once a day（1-day rest after 6-day treatment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8（SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1（SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on im- proving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai （CV6）, Zhongwan （CV 12）, Danzhong （CV17）, bilateral Zusanli （ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai （SP10） acupoints was performed once a day （1-day rest after 6-day treat- ment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion using thermosensitive（smart plug） versus silicone plug for management of aqueous deficient dry eye on cornea sensitivity, ocular surface health and tear film stability.METHODS： A comparative prospective interventiona case study included 45 patients with bilateral severe form of aqueous deficient dry eye. In each patient, the smar plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the right eye which was considered as study group 1 and silicone plug was inserted in the lower punctum of the left eye o the same patient which was considered as study group2. All patients were subjected to careful history taking and questionnaire for subjective assessment of severity of symptoms. Corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein rose bengal staining, Schirmer＇s I test, tear film break up time and conjunctival impression cytology were performed pre and 1, 3 and 6mo post plug insertion.RESULTS： A statistically significant improvement in subjective and objective manifestations occurred following treatment with both types of plugs（P 〈0.01）The thermosensitive plug caused significant overal improvement, decrease in frequency of application o tear substitutes and improvement of conjunctiva impression cytology parameters in the inserted side（P 〈0.01）. Canaliculitis was reported in two eyes（4.4% following punctal occlusion using thermosensitive plug（study group 1）. Spontaneous plug loss occurred in 21eyes（46.6%） in the silicone plug group（study group 2）.CONCLUSION： Improvement of subjective and objective manifestations of aqueous deficient dry eye occurs following punctal plug occlusion. Thermosensitive plug has good patient＇s compliance with fewer complications and lower rates of loss compared to the silicone plug.
文摘AIM: To study the endocytoscopic visualization of squamous cell islands within Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Endocytoscopy (ECS) has been studied in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, with controversial results. In initial studies, however, a soft catheter type endocytoscope was used, while only methylene blue dye was used for the staining of Barrett's mucosa. Integrated type endocytoscopes (GIF-Q260 EC, Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan) have been recently developed, with the incorporation of a high-power magnifying endocytoscope into a standard endoscope together with narrow-band imaging (NBI). Moreover, double staining with a mixture of 0.05% crystal violet and 0.1% of methylene blue (CM) during ECS enables higher quality images comparable to conventional hematoxylin eosin histopathological images.RESULTS: In vivo endocytoscopic visualization of papillary squamous cell islands within glandular Barrett's epithelium in a patient with long-segment Barrett's esophagus is reported. Conventional white light endoscopy showed typical long-segment Barrett's esophagus, with small squamous cell islands within normal Barrett's mucosa, which were better visualized by NBI endoscopy. ECS after double CM staining showed regular Barrett's esophagus, while higher magnification (×480) revealed the orifices of glandular structures better. Furthermore, typical squamous cell papillary protrusion, classified as endocytoscopic atypia classification (ECA) 2 according to ECA, was identified within regular glandular Barrett's mucosa. Histological examination of biopsies taken from the same area showed squamous epithelium within glandular Barrett's mucosa, corresponding well to endocytoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo visualization of esophageal papillary squamous cell islands surrounded by glandular Barrett's epithelium.
文摘BACKGROUND Collagenous gastritis(CG) is a rare condition whose pathogenesis may be related to immune abnormalities. We report a case of CG from China.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old woman presented with recurrent abdominal distension and discomfort for 3 mo. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy found diffuse nodular elevation-depression changes in the mucosa of the entire gastric corpus.Endoscopic ultrasound showed predominant involvement of the lamina propria and submucosa, and computed tomography imaging showed mild enhancement of the gastric wall. Pathological histology revealed that the thickness of the subepithelial collagen band was about 40 μm, and the Masson trichrome staining result was positive and the Congo red staining result was negative. This case is consistent with the child-adolescent type of CG.CONCLUSION Serum pepsinogen Ⅰ, pepsinogen Ⅱ, pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio, and gastrin-17 may be potential non-invasive monitoring markers. Currently, treatments for CG vary,and the likely prognosis is unknown. Individual cases of gastric cancer in patients with CG have been reported.
文摘BACKGROUND Whipple’s disease is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei.Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms,and routine laboratory and imaging examination results also lack specificity.The diagnosis often relies on invasive manipulation,pathological examination,and molecular techniques.These difficulties in diagnosing Whipple’s disease often result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports on the case of a 58-year-old male patient who complained of fatigue and decreased exercise capacity.The results of routine blood tests indicated hypochromic microcytic anemia.Results of gastroscopy and capsule endoscopy showed multiple polypoid bulges distributed in the duodenal and proximal jejunum.A diagnosis of small intestinal adenomatosis was initially considered;hence,the Whipple procedure,a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy,was performed.Pathological manifestations showed many periodic acid-Schiff-positive macrophages aggregated in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum,upper jejunum,and surrounding lymph nodes.Based on comprehensive analysis of symptoms,laboratory findings,and pathological manifestations,the patient was finally diagnosed with Whipple’s disease.After receiving 1 mo of antibiotic treatment,the fatigue and anemia were significantly improved.CONCLUSION This case presented with atypical gastrointestinal manifestations and small intestinal polypoid bulges,which provided new insight on the diagnosis of Whipple’s disease.
