Diversity Analysis on the Plant Communities of Urban Park Green Space in Wuhan

In order to systematically study the diversity of plant communities in park green space,78 plant communities of 10 representative parks in Wuhan City were investigated.The total 449 species belonging to 275 genera and 112 families were found in this investigation.The communities were divided into 35 dominant-species,13 life-forms and 6 vegetation-forms.The community structures and the composition of dominant species were also studied.The results showed that the shortages of the low diversity,high proportion of exotic species and simple community structures appeared in plant community of park green space in Wuhan City.It is proposed that species,especially native ones,should be abundant to keep a high level species diversity.At the same time,more simulated native communities should be utilized to build the natural,multi-layers,bright local vegetation characteristics landscape of urban parks.

Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers:exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.

Urban spatial cluster structure in metro travel networks:An explorative study of Wuhan using big and open data

Rail transit plays a crucial role in improving urban sustainability and livability.In many Chinese cities,the planning of rail transit routes and stations is focused on facilitating new developments rather than revitalizing existing built-up areas.This approach reflects the local governments’expectations of substantial growth to reshape the urban structure.However,existing research on transit-oriented development(TOD)rarely explores the spatial interactions between individual transit stations and investigates how they can be integrated to achieve synergistic effects and balanced development.This study proposes that rail transit systems impact urban structure through two“forces”:the provision of additional and reliable carrying capacity and the reduction of travel time between locations.Metro passenger flow is used as a proxy for these forces,and community detection techniques are employed to identify the actual and optimal spatial clusters in Wuhan,China.The results reveal that the planned sub-centers align reasonably well with the optimal spatial clusters in terms of spatial configuration.However,the actual spatial clusters tend to have longer internal travel times compared to the optimal clusters.Further exploration suggests the need for equalizing land use density within planned spatial clusters served by the metro system.Additionally,promoting concentrated,differentiated,and mixed functional arrangements in metro station areas with low passenger flows within the planned clusters could be beneficial.This paper presents a new framework for investigating urban spatial clusters influenced by a metro system.

Study on Economic growth,Urbanization and Sustainable Utilization of Cultivated Land in China

By means of the dynamic regression model, this paper analyzes the relationships among economic growth, urbanization and changes of cultivated land in China, finds that the ratio of cultivated land occupied by economic growth is decreasing with social and economic growth. And, based on that, some policy suggestions on how to promote the sustainable use of cultivated land in China are put forward.

Research on urban land information system based on GIS

Urban land utilization plays an important role in city development. We establish the ＂Urban Land Information System based on GIS＂ in order to inspect urban land structure and utilize a model automatically. A series of codes abstracted from urban land sustainable utilization significance are used as measures in land inspection. GIS tools combined with ＂Urban Land Information System＂ make visible codes calculations and statistical results possible. Useful mathematic methods are cited to analyze the degree urban land sustainable and optimize land structure. By scientific system analysis, relationships among modules and system structure are illustrated clearly. As a result this study has drawn out the ＂Urban Land lnibrmation System＂ model.

Optimization Transmission Theory and Technical Pathways that Describe Multiscale Urban Agglomeration Spaces

Urban agglomerations are spatial entities that promote the development of ‘new urbanization' processes within China. In this context, the concept of ‘multiscale urban agglomeration spaces' encompasses three linked levels: macroscale urban agglomerations, mesoscale cities, and microscale urban centers. Applying a series of multidisciplinary integrated research methods drawn from geography, urban planning, and architecture, this paper reveals two intensive utilization laws that can be generalized to apply to multiscale urban agglomeration spaces, top-to-bottom ‘positive transmission' linkage and inside-to-outside ‘negative transmission' movement. This paper also proposes optimization transmission theory and policy decision technical pathways that can be applied to these three urban agglomeration spatial scales. Specific technical pathways of transmission include intensive expansion and simulated decision-making in macroscale urban agglomerations, ecology, production, and living space intensive layout and dynamic decision-making in mesoscale cities, and four cores(i.e., ‘single, ring, axis, and pole core') progressive linkage and intensive optimization decision-making in microscale urban centers. The theory and technical pathways proposed in this paper solve the technical problem of optimization and provide intensive methods that can be applied not only at the individual level but also at multiple scales in urban agglomeration spaces. This study also advances a series of comprehensive technical solutions that can be applied to both compact and smart growth cities as well as to urban agglomerations. Solid theoretical support is provided for the optimization of Chinese land development, urbanization, agricultural development, and ecological security.

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.

The Scale-Effects of Different Land Use Types on the Distribution Pattern of Park Green Space at Multiple Grid Scales-A Case Study on the Main Urban Area of Nanjing,China

Exploring the scale-effect of different land use types on the distribution pattern of urban park green space(PGS)at multiple grid scales would inform rational allocation and efficient collaborative construction of urban development land at different scales.Selecting 300-m,500-m,1,000-m,and 2,000-m grid scales,the research employed Create Fishnet tool in ArcGIS and Geodetector to construct a scale-effect analysis framework that revealed the scale-effects of different land use types on the distribution pattern of PGS at multiple grid scales in the main urban area of Nanjing,China in 2006,2012,and 2017.Main research results are:1)the overall distribution pattern of PGS showed the evolution characteristics from polarization to advancing quality and efficiency,while the trend gradually weakened with the increase of grid scale;2)the scale-effect of other land use types on PGS increasingly enhanced-the larger the grid scale,the more obvious the synergistic or compressive effect;3)the interactive scaleeffects of different land use types gradually enhanced-the larger the grid scale,the more significant the overall factor interaction;and 4)at the 300-m grid scale,the major interaction factors were residential,transportation,industrial/manufacturing,water area,and administration/public services,which gradually changed to residential,water area,and administration/public services up to the 2,000-m grid scale.The findings of this paper are expected to deepen the theory of the coupling between PGS and other land use types,as well as provide scientific support and a basis for efficient allocation,spatial layout optimization,and sustainable development of urban spaces.

Impact of Rapid Urbanization and Changing Housing Patterns on Urban Open Public Spaces of Amman, Jordan: A GIS and RS Perspective

Rapid urbanization and population growth of the Amman Area were combined with land resource degradation when the city was heading for mounting urbanization from the early 1950s. The deterioration of natural resources and green areas, was coupled with the creation of different urban public open spaces in the city. The transformation from large single-family houses to dense residential apartments was associated with social and behavioral changes among the inhabitants living in the dense apartments. Consequently, a large private sector has been developed to provide public and social spaces. Photo-interpretation and satellite images were used to map and characterize land use/cover changes have been occurred in the Amman area between 1953 and 2017. Maximum Likelihood Classification method was employed to identify land use/cover changes between 1986 and 20017, and GIS was utilized also to map examples of the recently emerged socio-economic open spaces. Excessive urban development in the last two decades, and the adoption of neo-liberal privatization policies by the government, enhanced social stratification and residential segregation. So, instead of encouraging outdoor activity and social interaction among all groups of Amman residents, the freedom of accessibility to major open spaces has been restricted within the same urban fabric, thus, the “two Ammans” paradigm, a “tale of two cities”, has been recently acknowledged.

Driving Mechanism of Urban Space Expansion in Luoyang, China

Urban space expansion is the result of the interaction between internal and external forces of the urban. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and the social and economic development data, this paper analyzes the driving mechanism of the Luoyang space expansion characteristics and its correlation characteristics. By using urban land use efficiency index, urban expansion elastic index;urban allometric growth index, and grey correlation analysis in 4 times sections and 3 periods. The research results show that the urban space expansion of Luoyang mainly comes from the needs and support of economic development, the coordination between urban space expansion and population development is poor, and urban space expansion effectively attracts the inflow of external funds, and the settlement of migrants, drives the development of the tertiary industry, and increases the local revenue.

Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal

Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense cities.As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open space.However,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake.With this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development Plan.The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability.Therefore,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

Understanding the change of land space utilization efficiency with different functions and its coupling coordination: A case study of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Land spaces function in capacities of urban development,agricultural production,and ecological conservation,among many others.Research of land space utilization efficiency(LSUE)and coupling coordination relationships among its subsystems are significant for sustainable land space development.In this study,taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)as the study area,we establish a measurement index system to evaluate the LSUE(2000–2018)and analyze its coupling coordination degree by utilizing an improved coupling coordination model.The main results include the following.(1)The average efficiency levels of urban space and agricultural space in the UAMRYR increased 2000–2018,while the average efficiency of ecological space declined.(2)The spatial pattern of the LSUE values varied greatly,with the distributions of high-efficiency and low-efficiency levels significantly different.(3)The coupling degree of LSUE includes three types,i.e.,high-level coupling,break-in,and antagonism.Each coupling degree type was characterized by change over time.(4)The proportion of areas with high coupling coordination and moderate coupling coordination increased from 2000 to 2018,while the proportion of areas with basic coupling coordination,moderate imbalance,and serious imbalance declined during this period.Given that the spatial differentiation of the LSUE and its coupling coordination,it is necessary to implement a differential land space development strategy in the UAMRYR.This study is helpful to promote the efficient utilization and coordinated development of land space utilization systems.

Coordinated development of land multi-function space: An analytical framework for matching the supply of resources and environment with the use of land space for ecological protection, agricultural production and urban construction

Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction,in the new era of land space planning system.Moreover,a framework is constructed for the coordinated development of the multi-functional oriented space to match the use of land space(ULS)with the supply of resources and environment(SRE).Based on this,the technology and methods of comprehensive evaluation,dominance recognition,and matching relationship division functions of the use of land space(FULS)and functions of the supply of resources and environment(FSRE)are discussed.The advantageous functions of the use of land space(AFULS)and advantageous functions of the supply of resources and environment(AFSRE)are also identified in the study area.A LMFS coordinated development system integrating“function position-comprehensive partition-regulation strategy”is proposed.Through the empirical study of Shandong province,we found that,first,the FULS of ecological protection space in the province is mainly found in high value areas,and the FSRE is mainly in low value areas,which has certain complementarity in the space.The FULS of agricultural production space is mainly observed in high value areas,the FSRE is mainly in middle value areas,and the spatial distribution is balanced and staggered.The FULS of the urban construction space and the FSRE are mainly in middle values areas,and the spatial distribution is basically similar.Second,the FULS in the study area is dominated by the single advantage of agricultural production and urban construction,while the FSRE has a relatively balanced distribution of the advantages of ecological protection,single agricultural production and compound advantages of agricultural production and urban construction,and urban construction and ecological protection.The matching between the two is mainly at high and middle levels.Specifically,70%of the province’s land space still has a certain development and utilization potential,and 30%of ULS intensity is close to or exceeds the resource and environment carrying capacity.Third,considering the comprehensive impact of resource endowment,social and economic development and policy and institutional environment on different matching relationships,this paper constructs the land spatial development strategic pattern of“two screens-seven regions-multicore”positioning and“four regions-eight categories”hierarchical area of Shandong at the macro level,and puts forward a differentiated land space development strategy.

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

纽约“El-Space计划”及其对中国的借鉴价值研究

“El-Space计划”(El-Space:elevated space)首次提出在城市范围内处理高架桥下空间的综合方法。文章梳理分析此计划从筹备,设计、开发到反馈过程中各阶段的设计与构想。在此基础上,结合我国实际情况,总结出如下针对城市高架桥下空间整体性改造的方法:前期采用实地调查法分析全市高架桥下空间,积极吸纳社会资金投入;中期使用GIS软件、分类调查和多方参与协作等方法进行设计;实施阶段采用渐进式的项目推进方式,并将后期的评估纳入整体策略中。最后,基于以上方法,为我国城市高架桥下空间整体性改造提供新思路。

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

基于混合用地模式识别的济南市老城区典型片区绿色空间降温效应分析

城市绿色空间可以通过生态系统服务调节功能有效缓解城市热岛效应,降低高温健康胁迫风险。城市中心城区特别是老城区建成环境具有高度异质性,复杂建成环境中绿色空间的降温效应,特别是混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、阈值、形状等还需进一步明晰。在厘清城市热环境影响因素和绿色空间降温机制基础上,构建了“冷热岛分析提取-混合用地模式聚类识别-混合用地模式热效应分析-典型绿色空间降温效应分析”的研究框架。针对当前城市绿地指标失实、结构失衡、功能失调等现实问题,选择济南市老城区典型片区进行实证研究,重点分析了中层建筑混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、降温面积阈值、形状及植被覆盖度等,总结了具有高降温效能的绿色空间模式,为促进城市健康人居环境发展提供借鉴。

土地财政驱动的县城发展问题和转型思路评析--以某县级市为例

上一阶段城市的发展受到“土地财政”机制的驱动,引起了有关经济和城市健康、持续发展模式问题的讨论。文章以一个县级市为例,分析了土地财政驱动下的经济发展特点,剖析了旅游度假房地产和土地开发为导向的城市发展路径和空间扩展过程,以及城市功能布局和空间组织存在的问题,探索了经济转型发展和城市空间优化的对策,对于合理规划城市空间和推进以县城为载体的城镇化发展具有典型案例的借鉴意义。

县域视角下土地与人口城镇化协调度时空特征研究——以河北省为例

以河北省县域为研究单元,选取2003、2014和2022年数据,建立土地与人口城镇化协调度指数,对河北省土地与人口城镇化协调度时空特征和影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)近二十年来河北省土地与人口城镇化水平呈现持续上升的趋势,二者协调性逐渐提高,由失调类提高到了过渡类,县域间协调性发展不均衡,但差异逐渐缩小。(2)土地与人口城镇化协调度具有一定的空间聚集趋势,且越来越明显,张家口始终是热点区,唐山为新增热点区,保定始终是冷点区,且有明显扩张趋势。

乡村秩序的空间基础:一个人地关系的分析框架

村落空间不仅是村庄社会关系运作的背景,而且定义了乡村秩序再生产的底层架构。人地关系是村落空间的基础,且在农民土地利用实践中推动村落空间的功能分化,并逐渐形成生产空间与生活空间的分化与融合、公共空间与私人空间的分化与互通。村落空间兼有自然底色与社会面向,集体土地制度调控维系了村落空间结构的有机整合。城市化进程推动村落空间转型,生产空间与生活空间的分离、公共空间与私人空间的断裂可能导致村落空间的秩序紊乱。为此,须将人地关系纳入集体土地制度调控,在农民流动的社会场景中建构富有包容性和适应性的村落空间秩序。