Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

基于道路缓冲区分析的崖壁植物多样性研究

武陵源区是张家界独特的崖壁地貌所在地,该地区生长的植物具有耐贫瘠、抗逆性强的特点,对维持生态系统稳定性至关重要。本研究旨在探讨道路对崖壁植物多样性的影响,首先利用无人机获取崖壁植物的近景影像,并通过ArcGIS 10.7软件提取遥感影像中的道路元素,然后根据研究区道路分布情况建立不同距离梯度的缓冲区,采用α多样性指数表示研究区的植物多样性,分析不同缓冲区的植物变化以及各指数之间的关系。结果显示:(1)研究区共有54科142属276种取样物种,其中绝对优势种为乌冈栎、巴山松与满山红,在全部样本中占比分别为13.37%、11.18%和9.52%;灌木类植物更显优势,占比达到56.65%。(2)各缓冲区植物群落的α多样性、均匀度和丰富度表现为灌木类>乔木类>藤本类>草本类,道路对乔木类植物的影响较大。(3)灌木类植物的Shannon多样性指数(H′)与乔木类植物的Pielou均匀度指数(J′),乔木类植物的Shannon多样性指数(H′)与灌木类植物的Pielou均匀度指数(J′)呈极显著负相关。藤本类植物的Margalef丰富度指数(D MG)与灌木类、乔木类植物的Margalef丰富度指数(D MG)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),各类植物在群落中存在不同的竞争和共生关系。研究表明,道路缓冲区对崖壁植物的多样性具有显著影响,这为进一步保护和管理崖壁植物资源提供了重要参考。

Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

五陵原黑陶的文化传承及创新性发展

作为一种具有深厚历史文化底蕴的陶瓷,五陵原黑陶不仅是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,也是传统手工艺术中的一大杰作。五陵原黑陶在当今社会享有美誉,离不开五陵原黑陶制作艺人百年的传承与坚守。五陵原黑陶作为陕西省非物质文化遗产,不仅继承了深厚的大秦之风,而且在刘纪荣及其后辈的手中,从制作工艺与设计形式上都有了较大创新。

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

Conservation for the landscape ecological diversity in Wulingyuan scenic area of China

Wulingyuan is located at the mountainous area of the middle reach of the Yangtze River, it is one of the three nature heritages in China which ranks in the “List of World's Heritage” by UNESCO. It is characterized by quartz sandstone peaks landform with several landform components(pattern, corridor) and rich in landscape ecological diversity and biodiversity. The main patterns(ecosystem) include mid-height mountain peaks, rift-valley and streams among peaks, peaks and gullies on slopes, square mountain-platforms and peaks among blind valleys and so on. The corridor system consists of natural corridors and artificial corridors among which the stream corridors account for a major part. The fracturing of habitat is unfavorable for the biodiversity conservation, but meanwhile the habitat diversity leads to an increase in biodiversity. Therefore, it is still rich in landscape ecological diversity in Wulingyuan. The biodiversity at the level of landscape component(ecosystem) and the function of the Wulingyuan complex ecosystem, and the measures for the biodiversity conservation in Wulingyuan ecotourism area are discussed in this paper.

旅游城镇化驱动乡村振兴的影响效应研究

旅游城镇化作为新型城镇化的一种典型模式,是新发展阶段实现乡村振兴的有效路径。以张家界武陵源区为例,紧扣旅游城镇化驱动乡村振兴的关键影响因素和传导路径,基于系统动力学方法对旅游城镇化驱动乡村振兴的影响效应进行仿真模拟。研究发现,旅游城镇化对乡村振兴的驱动是一个复杂的动态过程,需精准分析旅游城镇化作用乡村振兴的不同路径及其影响效应;武陵源区目前的自然发展模式虽能创造较好的经济增长效应,但会造成结构性失业、资源破坏和环境污染等问题;在5种仿真模式中,兼顾经济-社会-环境的协同发展路径是推进乡村振兴的最佳模式;旅游政策影响因子在不同仿真模式中均成为重要的政策因子,印证了武陵源区旅游发展在乡村振兴战略中的重要地位。实现旅游城镇化对乡村振兴的最佳驱动必须从经济增长、社会文化与生态优化三个层面联合发力,以系统化的协同发展路径促进乡村振兴。研究有助于进一步理解旅游城镇化与乡村振兴的多元内在关系,为我国乡村地区尤其是西部民族地区的乡村振兴提供借鉴。

Wulingyuan: The Mythical Land of Avatar Is Real

IN southwest China’s Hunan Province lies a scenic area that is unique in the world for its rare rock forests,rock formations,and untarnished natural scenery.This area is called Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area,and consists of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,Suoxiyu Nature Reserve,Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve,and the newly-added Yangjiajie Scenic Area,covering an overall area of 500 square km.

Resident Relocation of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site Based on Community Participation Theory

Migrant relocation is an important measure for the scenic spot to effectively protect the ecological environment.The problem of migrant relocation of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site is the most serious and difficult problem in the development of Wulingyuan,and it is a very representative case of migrant relocation in tourist attractions of China.Based on the community participation theory,this paper made a detailed analysis of the panel data on the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Combining the first-hand information obtained from the field interviews,starting from the reasons for the relocation,the resettlement plan,and the effects of the relocation,it also analyzed the problems existing in the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Finally,it came up with recommendations in line with the interests of residents from the perspective of community participation.

Experience and lessons from tourism exploitation in Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage

From 1980s to 1990s, Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage in Hunan Province witnessed improper and overexploitation which has obviously imposed a negative impact upon its tourism resources. The weak ecological awareness of the related government decision-makers, the poor management, backward regulation constructions, the immature tourist market mechanism as well as the great pressure brought about by the tourist demands all account for this serious outcome. Therefore, in the future, it is essential to further deal with the relations properly between the opening and protection of the heritages, the relations between tourism industry and economic and social development so as to gradually realize in tourist activities a harmony between human beings and tourism resources and environment, a coordinated development among tourism industry, the other industries and social undertakings. Meanwhile, the future tourism development in this area should take a major form of sustainable civilized tourism to give full play to its scientific research, aesthetic and educational functions while developing commercial mass tourism moderately with restricted capacity control under the principle of maintaining the original features and intactness of this invaluable world natural heritage.

Wulingyuan Scenic Site

DU BBED as ＂Yellowstone Park in China＂ by foreigners, Wulingyuan is a natural wonderland boasting a large variety of quartz sandstone pillars, ravines, gorges, natural bridges and an ancient ecosystem. It is noted for its five unique landscapes： towering peaks.

产业生态圈视角下乡村民宿产业集群发展模式研究——以张家界武陵源区为例

构建乡村民宿产业生态圈,能推进乡村民宿产业集群高质量发展,助力乡村振兴战略实施和可持续发展。通过分析湖南省张家界武陵源区产业经济发展形势,探讨该区域乡村民宿产业集群发展的优势与困境,依据景区依托型乡村民宿产业集群形成机理,基于产业生态圈理论视角,构建“三阶推进、五位一体、和谐共生”乡村民宿产业集群发展模式,提出优化乡村民宿产业集群发展的对策和建议。

武陵源风景名胜区世界遗产可持续旅游示范教育的探索与创新

基于对世界遗产价值的全面挖掘和认识,通过系统性的遗产教育活动和在地介入示范,有效提升了遗产地利益相关者对世界遗产价值和保护的认知,强化了利益相关者的可持续旅游发展意识和工作能力,构建了更具实践性和开放性的世界遗产教育合作平台。遗产地居民、地方旅游从业者和遗产地管理者等群体通过深度参与本项目,理解了世界遗产可持续旅游的路径和方法,对他们在日常的经营管理和生产生活中有效保护世界遗产并深度结合遗产价值发展旅游具有重要指导意义。项目通过多方合作方式,研究并提出了“自然遗产地社区适应性管理方法”,建立了“武陵源世界遗产保护研究与交流协同中心”,并制定了《武陵源世界遗产可持续旅游战略与绩效指标》《社区生态管理导则》等指导性文件,为持续强化地方发展动力和韧性、支持世界遗产可持续旅游的长期发展提供了重要保障。

景区依托型乡村民宿空间分布的特征及影响因素——以武陵源区3个旅游村为例

选取武陵源区3个具有代表性的景区依托型村庄作为研究样本,采用参与式农村评估法、兴趣点分析法和GIS空间分析法,探讨了民宿空间分布的特征及影响因素.结果表明,民宿空间分布为集聚模式,与随机分布模式差异显著,且集聚程度不一;民宿空间分布为等级集聚模式,呈现多中心分布的空间形态;民宿主要集聚在旅游资源丰富的景区和村内主干道附近;旅游资源、交通条件、产品定位和政策支持是乡村民宿选址与空间分布的主要影响因素.

基于GIS的武陵源风景区峰林顶部植物群落稳定性评价

以武陵源风景区3000余座峰林为研究对象,基于遥感影像解译和野外调查数据,从自然环境、群落结构功能和人为干扰3个方面选取17个指标构建植物群落稳定性评价指标体系,利用层次分析法和等间距法确立指标权重,使用ArcGIS进行加权叠加,将植物群落稳定性从高到低分为Ⅴ、Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ共5个等级,对植物群落稳定性进行评价与制图,分析不同稳定性植物群落的空间分布情况及原因。结果表明,Ⅴ、Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ级的峰林所在区域面积分别为14.37、17.16、16.26、13.74、6.25 km^(2),占比依次为21.2%、25.3%、24.0%、20.3%、9.2%。植物群落稳定性空间分布呈东高西低、南高北低的格局特征;峰林顶部植物群落较稳定,仍有近1/3区域,其峰林顶部植物群落存在退化风险;群落稳定性是自然因素和人为干扰等因素综合作用的结果,在影响植物群落稳定性的因子中,相较于群落结构功能因子,自然环境和人为干扰因素的作用更强。

武陵源风景名胜区珙桐群落主要树种特征光谱研究

为探明湖南省张家界市武陵源风景名胜区珍稀植物珙桐(Davidia involucrata Baill.)及其群落主要树种的特征光谱,借助ASD FieldSpec 4型便携地物光谱仪,运用微分法和去包络线法分析了珙桐、野鸦椿[Euscaphis japonica(Thunb.)Dippel]、红枫(Acer palmatum‘Atropurpureum’)、香樟[Cinnamomum camphora(Linn)Presl]、木荷(Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.)5类树种的反射光谱。结果表明,原始光谱曲线位于近红外波段处,珙桐群落主要树种反射率差异明显,可用于识别的最优波段为780~920 nm、1000~1349 nm、1427~1590 nm、1590~1785 nm、1981~2459 nm;490~530 nm、550~582 nm、680~760 nm、1110~1190 nm是一阶微分数据结合“三边”参数分析得出的最佳区分波段;基于去包络线曲线分析,曲线突出显示的4个吸收谷和1个反射峰,其特征波段是440~500 nm、520~640 nm、640~690 nm。光谱吸收特征参数基于曲线去包络线540~760 nm波段数据分析得出,可以通过该波段的吸收峰面积和光谱吸收系数对该5类树种进行区分。

世界自然遗产的保护管理与可持续发展:武陵源的蝶变

湖南省张家界市武陵源世界自然遗产地是中国第一批世界自然遗产地之一,3000余座尖细的砂岩柱和砂岩峰组成的石英砂岩峰林地貌世所罕见。然而,武陵源从过去到现在,经历了一段曲折的历史,完成了从开发→开发与保护并举→严格保护的历史性转变。其保护展望等级也从2014年、2017年的重点关注类提升为2020年的较好类,这得益于从武陵源所处的各级政府在立法执法、违建设施拆除、游客数量管控与旅游管理、有害生物防治、严防火灾发生、监测体系建设、加强科学研究等方面采取切实可行有效的举措,开展国际对话和交流,实现武陵源的蝶变,是世界自然遗产的保护管理协同可持续发展的典型案例之一。

武陵源风景区生态承载力预警

随着人类面临的严重环境挑战,可持续发展模式作为全人类共同的选择变得越来越重要。生态承载力作为可持续发展的衡量指标,通过生态承载力水平与生态荷载状况表现出来。可持续承载力预警是以可持续发展为目标进行生态承载力调控。利用主成分分析法、层次分析法构建了武陵源风景区的生态承载力评价指标体系,作为模型的输入层预警指标,并利用状态空间法求算的生态承载指数进行警度区间的划分,通过样本训练、建立BP神经网络模型,进行生态承载预警。从风景区的资源承载、环境承载、生态弹性和生态承压等方面来考虑,析出17个资源类、环境类、社会经济类指标作为评价指标体系。对于武陵源风景区的承载状态,从时间上看,2000年曾出现超载状态,主要是风景区的核心区范围内出现城市化现象所致;从空间上看,协和乡出现超载状态,其主要原因在于资源的开发利用上。基于BP网络模型实现的生态承载力预警,用于预测预报未来的可持续发展的发展状态,可以及时反映可持续状态的调控效果,为区域系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。

张家界武陵源风景区自然景观价值评估

自然景观提供给人们观赏、娱乐和休闲的效用和价值,长期以来,人们对自然景观的价值忽略并低估,导致在开发利用自然资源过程中出现资源浪费和生态破坏的问题。如果赋予自然景观合适的经济价值,能为其开发利用提供决策支持。为评价张家界武陵源风景区的景观价值,构建了相应的指标体系。自然景观价值乃使用价值与非使用价值之和,并对这两种价值分别运用旅行费用法和条件价值法进行评估。结果表明:2011年武陵源风景区的自然景观价值为89.01亿元,其中使用价值为79.30亿元,非使用价值为9.71亿元。分析表明,武陵源风景区的自然景观价值要远高于以往的研究及近年的旅游收入,建议景区当局全面认识其景观价值,在旅游人次不断攀升的形势下,全力保护该地生态环境,探究武陵源风景区的可持续发展道路。

风景名胜区规划中的相关利益主体分析——以武陵源风景名胜区为例

相关利益主体分析是解决多方利益和目标平衡的一种决策方法。在社会转型时期的风景区规划中引入相关利益主体分析具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。文章以武陵源风景名胜区总体规划为例,列出了风景区规划所涉及的相关利益主体,运用相关关系矩阵分析了他们之间利益关系,最后确定了主要的利益主体之间的关系,并以此为依据进行了规划和行动决策。