Algorithms for automatic measurement of SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction’s parameters by current-voltage characteristics

Some electrical parameters of the SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction(JJ)can be measured by its current-voltage characteristics(IVCs).Currents and voltages at JJ are commensurate with the intrinsic noise level of measuring instruments.This leads to the need for multiple measurements with subsequent statistical processing.In this paper,the digital algorithms are proposed for the automatic measurement of the JJ parameters by IVC.These algorithms make it possible to implement multiple measurements and check these JJ parameters in an automatic mode with the required accuracy.The complete sufficient statistics are used to minimize the root-mean-square error of parameter measurement.A sequence of current pulses with slow rising and falling edges is used to drive JJ,and synchronous current and voltage readings at JJ are used to realize measurement algorithms.The algorithm performance is estimated through computer simulations.The significant advantage of the proposed algorithms is the independence from current source noise and intrinsic noise of current and voltage meters,as well as the simple implementation in automatic digital measuring systems.The proposed algorithms can be used to control JJ parameters during mass production of superconducting integrated circuits,which will improve the production efficiency and product quality.

CHARACTERISTIC GALERKIN METHOD FOR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS AND IMPLICIT ALGORITHM USING PRECISE INTEGRATION

This paper presents a finite element procedure for solving transient, multidimensional convection-diffusion equations. The procedure is based on the characteristic Galerkin method with an implicit algorithm using precise integration method. With the operator splitting procedure, the precise integration method is introduced to determine the material derivative in the convection-diffusion equation, consequently, the physical quantities of material points. An implicit algorithm with a combination of both the precise and the traditional numerical integration procedures in time domain in the Lagrange coordinates for the characteristic Galerkin method is formulated. The stability analysis of the algorithm shows that the unconditional stability of present implicit algorithm is enhanced as compared with that of the traditional implicit numerical integration procedure. The numerical results validate the presented method in solving convection-diffusion equations. As compared with SUPG method and explicit characteristic Galerkin method, the present method gives the results with higher accuracy and better stability.

Memristor’s characteristics: From non-ideal to ideal

Memristor has been widely studied in the field of neuromorphic computing and is considered to be a strong candidate to break the von Neumann bottleneck. However, the non-ideal characteristics of memristor seriously limit its practical application. There are two sides to everything, and memristors are no exception. The non-ideal characteristics of memristors may become ideal in some applications. Genetic algorithm(GA) is a method to search for the optimal solution by simulating the process of biological evolution. It is widely used in the fields of machine learning, combinatorial optimization,and signal processing. In this paper, we simulate the biological evolutionary behavior in GA by using the non-ideal characteristics of memristors, based on which we design peripheral circuits and path planning algorithms based on memristor networks. The experimental results show that the non-ideal characteristics of memristor can well simulate the biological evolution behavior in GA.

Prediction of geological characteristics from shield operational parameters by integrating grid search and K-fold cross validation into stacking classification algorithm

This study presents a framework for predicting geological characteristics based on integrating a stacking classification algorithm(SCA) with a grid search(GS) and K-fold cross validation(K-CV). The SCA includes two learner layers: a primary learner’s layer and meta-classifier layer. The accuracy of the SCA can be improved by using the GS and K-CV. The GS was developed to match the hyper-parameters and optimise complicated problems. The K-CV is commonly applied to changing the validation set in a training set. In general, a GS is usually combined with K-CV to produce a corresponding evaluation index and select the best hyper-parameters. The torque penetration index(TPI) and field penetration index(FPI) are proposed based on shield parameters to express the geological characteristics. The elbow method(EM) and silhouette coefficient(Si) are employed to determine the types of geological characteristics(K) in a Kmeans++ algorithm. A case study on mixed ground in Guangzhou is adopted to validate the applicability of the developed model. The results show that with the developed framework, the four selected parameters, i.e. thrust, advance rate, cutterhead rotation speed and cutterhead torque, can be used to effectively predict the corresponding geological characteristics.

Hydraulic Self Servo Swing Cylinder Structure Optimization and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis Based on Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder were analyzed according to the hydraulic system natural frequency formula. Based on that,a method of the hydraulic self servo swing cylinder structure optimization based on genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. By analyzing the four parameters that affect the dynamic characteristics, we had to optimize the structure to obtain as larger the Dm( displacement) as possible under the condition with the purpose of improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder. So three state equations were established in this paper. The paper analyzed the effect of the four parameters in hydraulic self servo swing cylinder natural frequency equation and used the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of structure parameters. The model was simulated by substituting the parameters and initial value to the simulink model. Simulation results show that: using self servo hydraulic swing cylinder natural frequency equation to study its dynamic response characteristics is very effective.Compared with no optimization,the overall system dynamic response speed is significantly improved.

Estimation of characteristic parameters in region-time-length algorithm and its application

On the basis of gap＇s temporal-spatial characteristics in and around source area before an earthquake, we propose a method to estimate characteristic parameters （characteristic distance and time） in the region-time-length （RTL） algorithm and introduce the method of correlation coefficient developed by some authors in 2006 to determine the characteristic parameters. The anomalous seismic activities before four moderately strong earthquakes occurred in the northwestern and southwestern China in recent years are studied by the two methods. The results show that the method to estimate characteristic parameters advanced in this paper is a simple one, which possesses a physical meaning and is well applicable to the four moderately strong earthquakes studied.

Genetic-algorithm-based balanced distribution of functional characteristics for machines

In order to make reconfigurable manufacturing system （RMS） adapt to the fluctuations of production demand with the minimum number of reconflgurations in its full life cycle, we presented a method to design RMS based on the balanced distribution of functional characteristics for ma- chines. With this method, functional characteristics were classified based on machining functions of cutting-tools and machining accuracy of machines. Then the optimization objective was set as the to- tal shortest mobile distance that all the workpieces are moved from one machine to another, and an improved genetic algorithm （GA） was proposed to optimize the configuration. The elitist strategy was used to enhance the global optimization ability of GA, and excellent gene pool was designed to maintain the diversity of population. Software Matlab was used to realize the algorithm, and a case study of simulation was used to evaluate the method.

AN ALGORITHM FOR CANONICAL PIECEWISE-LINEAR DYNAMIC NETWORKS CONTAINING DEVICES WITH CHARACTERISTIC FAMILY

This paper improves the modeling method for the device with characteristic family presented by L. O. Chua (1977) and results in the one-dimensional fluctuating canonical piecewise-linear model. It is an efficient model. The algorithm for canonical piecewise-linear dynamic networks with one dimensional fluctuating model is discussed in detail.

Adaptive threading strategy based on rolling characteristics analysis in hot strip rolling

In order to improve the threading stability and the head thickness precision in tandem hot rolling process,an adaptive threading strategy was proposed.The proposed strategy was realized by the rolling characteristics analysis,and factors which affect the rolling force and the final thickness were determined and analyzed based on the influence coefficients calculation process.An objective function consisting of the influenced factors was founded,and the disturbance quantity was obtained by minimizing the function with the Nelder-Mead simplex method,and the proposed adaptive threading strategy was realized based on the calculation results.The adaptive threading strategy has been applied to one 7-stand hot tandem mill successfully,actual statistics data show that the predicted rolling force prediction in the range of ±5.0% is improved to 97.8%,the head thickness precision in the range of ±35 μm is improved to 98.5%,and the threading stability and the head thickness precision are enhanced to a high level.

Energy hub-based optimal planning for integrated energy systems considering part-load characteristics and synergistic effect of equipment

Integrated energy systems(lESs)represent a promising energy supply model within the energy internet.However,multi-energy flow coupling in the optimal configuration of IES results in a series of simplifications in the preliminary planning,affecting the cost,efficiency,and environmental performance of IES.A novel optimal planning method that considers the part-load characteristics and spatio-temporal synergistic effects of IES components is proposed to enable a rational design of the structure and size of IES.An extended energy hub model is introduced based on the“node of energy hub”concept by decomposing the IES into different types of energy equipment.Subsequently,a planning method is applied as a two-level optimization framework-the upper level is used to identify the type and size of the component,while the bottom level is used to optimize the operation strategy based on a typical day analysis method.The planning problem is solved using a two-stage evolutionary algorithm,combing the multiple-mutations adaptive genetic algorithm with an interior point optimization solver,to minimize the lifetime cost of the IES.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed planning method is demonstrated using a case study.The life cycle costs of the IES with and without consideration of the part-load characteristics of the components were$4.26 million and$4.15 million,respectively,in the case study.Moreover,ignoring the variation in component characteristics in the design stage resulted in an additional 11.57%expenditure due to an energy efficiency reduction under the off-design conditions.

Efficient computation for dynamic responses of systems with time-varying characteristics

Based on Neumman series and epsilon-algorithm, an efficient computation for dynamic responses of systems with arbitrary time-varying characteristics is investigated. Avoiding the calculation for the inverses of the equivalent stiffness matrices in each time step, the computation effort of the proposed method is reduced compared with the full analysis of Newmark method. The validity and applications of the proposed method are illustrated by a 4-DOF spring-mass system with periodical time-varying stiffness properties and a truss structure with arbitrary time-varying lumped mass. It shows that good approximate results can be obtained by the proposed method compared with the responses obtained by the full analysis of Newmark method.

GPU-Based Simulation of Dynamic Characteristics of Ballasted Railway Track with Coupled Discrete-Finite Element Method

Considering the interaction between a sleeper,ballast layer,and substructure,a three-dimensional coupled discrete-finite element method for a ballasted railway track is proposed in this study.Ballast granules with irregular shapes are constructed using a clump model using the discrete element method.Meanwhile,concrete sleepers,embankments,and foundations are modelled using 20-node hexahedron solid elements using the finite element method.To improve computational efficiency,a GPU-based(Graphics Processing Unit)parallel framework is applied in the discrete element simulation.Additionally,an algorithm containing contact search and transfer parameters at the contact interface of discrete particles and finite elements is developed in the GPU parallel environment accordingly.A benchmark case is selected to verify the accuracy of the coupling algorithm.The dynamic response of the ballasted rail track is analysed under different train speeds and loads.Meanwhile,the dynamic stress on the substructure surface obtained by the established DEM-FEM model is compared with the in situ experimental results.Finally,stress and displacement contours in the cross-section of the model are constructed to further visualise the response of the ballasted railway.This proposed coupling model can provide important insights into high-performance coupling algorithms and the dynamic characteristics of full scale ballasted rail tracks.

Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Municipal Solid Waste

Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the mu- nicipal solid waste (MSW) under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis re- actor, which could overcome the disadvantage of thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The thermal decom- position behaviour of MSW was investigated using thermo-gravimetric ( TG ) analysis at rates of 4.8, 6.6, 8.4, 12.0 and 13.2 K/min. The pyrolysis characteristics of MSW were also studied in dif- ferent function districts. The pyrolysis of MSW is a complex reaction process and three main stages are found according to the results. The first stage represents the degradation of cellulose and hemi- cellulose, with the maximum degradation rate occuring at 150 °C—200 °C; the second stage repre- sents dehydrochlorination and depolymerization of intermediate products and the differential thermo- gravimetric ( DTG) curves have shoulder peaks at about 300 °C; the third stage is the decomposi- tion of the residual big molecular organic substance and lignin at 400 °C—600 °C. Within the range of given experimental conditions, the results of non-linear fitting algorithm and experiment are in agreement with each other and the correlation coefficients are over 0.99. The kinetic characteristics are concerned with the material component and heating rate. The activation energy of reaction de- creases with the increase of heating rate.

Three-Step Damage Identification Method Based on Dynamic Characteristics

A three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to improve the structure reliability and security and avoid serious accident. In the proposed method, the frequency and difference of modal curvature(DMC) are used as damage indexes. Firstly, the detection of the occurrence of damage is addressed by the frequency or the square of frequency change. Then the damage location inside the structure is measured by the DMC. Finally, with the stiffness reduction rate as a damage factor, the amount of damage is estimated by the optimization algorithm. The three-step damage identification method has been validated by conducting the simulation on a cantilever beam and the shaking table test on a submerged bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the damage identification problem in theory and engineering practice.

改进的轻量级行人目标检测算法

针对行人目标数量密集、目标尺度小和目标周围背景光照强弱不一而导致的检测精度低的问题,提出一种基于特征融合的轻量化行人检测算法。以TinyYOLOv4为基础框架,首先,搭建新的主干特征提取网络(CSPDarknet53-S),在原主干网络的基础上加入新的特征提取模块(REM)来增强网络提取行人特征的能力。其次,改进特征融合结构,在主干网络提取高低层特征图后,先是在主干网络与特征融合网络间加入特征融合模块(RM-block)来增大感受野;然后引入浅层特征信息保留更多小目标特征,形成新的特征融合网络(IFFM)。最后,通过YOLO Head对融合来的特征图进行处理获得输出结果。实验结果表明,提出的算法在行人数据集(PASCAL VOC2007和VOC2012的person数据)上取得了较高的检测精度以及较好的检测效果。

基于SSA-CNN模型的双排开孔圆筒防波堤透射系数预测

双排开孔圆筒防波堤是一种新型环境友好型防波堤,对其消浪特性的研究具有重要工程意义。随着人工智能的发展,基于机器学习技术求解防波堤水动力学问题成了一种新的研究范式。本文提出基于麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)优化卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)模型,实现对双排开孔圆筒防波堤透射系数的智能优化预测。结果表明:(1)确定波高、波周期、波长、波速、排间距、开孔率、水深为影响透射系数的关键因子;(2)当SSA-CNN模型的种群数量为10时,对波浪透射系数预测的R2值达到0.9909,平均相对误差相比单一的CNN模型降低了5.07%。研究成果为利用神经网络研究波浪透射问题提供了一种新的优化预测模型。

考虑履带机器人转向特性的全局路径规划

针对传统A星路径规划算法忽略车辆转向过程,导致规划路径行程时间较长的问题,提出了考虑履带车转向特性的改进A星算法。首先,扩大A星算法的搜索邻域,提高转向角的灵活度。其次,分析考虑履带车的转向特性,将转向时间加入到代价函数中,建立以时间最短为目标的代价函数,缩短履带车的行程时间。最后,构建删除冗余节点和新增优化节点的规则,改善路径的平滑性使规划的路径进一步优化。通过Matlab仿真和实车实验进行研究,研究结果表明:改进算法在路径长度、转向次数和行驶时间方面都有了减少,规划的路径要优于传统A星算法和对比文献算法。改进A星算法能有效提高所规划路径的质量,提升履带机器人的自主巡航能力和智能化水平。

基于动态专家会议算法的刀具磨损度在线识别

为了提高机床加工过程中刀具磨损度识别准确率,提出基于动态专家会议算法的在线识别方法。分析刀具磨损机制,设计刀具磨损度识别框架;使用CEEMD分解源信号得到IMF分量,并基于IMF分量提取信号的改进I-kazTM系数、功率谱熵、标准差等多指标特征矩阵;针对随机森林算法存在的问题,将决策树视为决策专家,根据专家历史决策准确率动态确定专家决策权,从而设计一种新的动态专家会议算法。经PHM2010刀具磨损数据集验证,多指标特征矩阵在空间分布的类内聚集度、类间区分度均较好;基于动态专家会议算法的刀具磨损识别准确率为98.44%,分别比RF、LS-SVM算法高出了17.19%、11.72%,说明动态专家会议算法在刀具磨损度识别中是有效的。

基于改进樽海鞘群算法的含瓦斯煤破裂过程信号特征识别

针对标准樽海鞘群算法存在的计算精度不足、易陷入局部停滞等缺陷,提出一种多策略融合的樽海鞘群算法。在初始化阶段,引入线性同余法随机发生器;利用野马算法优化樽海鞘领导者位置;采用金豺算法改进樽海鞘种群追随机制。通过测试函数寻优对比实验,证明多策略融合的樽海鞘群算法相比于其他智能算法在鲁棒性与稳定性方面均有显著提升。将多策略融合的樽海鞘群算法应用到含瓦斯煤破裂过程信号特征识别,实验结果表明:提出的含瓦斯煤破裂过程信号特征识别模型具有更好的表现,准确率可达93.33%,相比其他识别模型,识别率更高。

大功率拖拉机HMCVT的参数优化设计

基于大功率拖拉机设计了一种新型的高传动效率和大变速范围的液压机械无级变速器(HMCVT),采用基于惩罚函数的遗传算法,对变速器的传动系统参数进行优化设计。通过Matlab软件对液压机械无级变速器的无级变速特性、转矩特性、功率分流比特性进行仿真分析,验证所设计的传动参数的合理性。此外,通过啮合功率法对系统总传动效率进行计算,进一步验证所设计的传动参数的合理性。结果表明:该液压机械无级变速器方案能够满足大功率拖拉机无级变速调速特性,且各区段有较大范围的速度区间和较高的传动效率,变速器各工作段的传动效率都能达到80%以上。