Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not mee...Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.展开更多
The ignition-proof mechanism of ZM5 magnesium alloy added with 0.1% （mass fraction） rare earth （RE） was investigated. The oxide scales and substrates were characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X...The ignition-proof mechanism of ZM5 magnesium alloy added with 0.1% （mass fraction） rare earth （RE） was investigated. The oxide scales and substrates were characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and tensile test. And an oxidation model of ZM5 alloy with RE was established. The results show that the ignition temperature of ZM5 alloy is particularly elevated from 654 to 823 ℃, the microstructure is refined, and the tensile strength is slightly improved from 168.2 to 174.6 MPa by adding 0.1% RE. A double-layer oxidation film formed on the alloy surface under high temperature mainly consists of MgO, RE203 and A1203, which is 2.5-3.5 μm in thickness. It is found that the forming of protective oxidation film on the thermodynamics is attributed to RE elements congregating on the surface of molten Mg alloy.展开更多
The calcium phosphate coatings were prepared by virtue of electrochemical deposition in order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-1.0Ca alloys in simulated body fluids.The chemical compositions,structures and mo...The calcium phosphate coatings were prepared by virtue of electrochemical deposition in order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-1.0Ca alloys in simulated body fluids.The chemical compositions,structures and morphologies of the coatings were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively.The potentiodynamic electrochemical technique was employed to investigate the bio-degradation behavior of Mg-1.0Ca alloys with Ca-P coatings in Hank's solutions.The experimental results show that the deposited coatings predominately consist of flake-shape brushite(DCPD,CaHPO4·2H2O)crystallites.The corrosion resistance of the substrates with coatings is improved in Hank's solutions significantly.展开更多
目的:建立含银敷料的表征和银体外释放及鉴别释放液中纳米银和银离子的实验方法;探讨其在相关产品检测中的应用。方法:通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对含银敷料进行形貌及银颗粒价态分析表...目的:建立含银敷料的表征和银体外释放及鉴别释放液中纳米银和银离子的实验方法;探讨其在相关产品检测中的应用。方法:通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对含银敷料进行形貌及银颗粒价态分析表征;采用摇床法及往复支架法考察含银敷料在纯水和模拟体液(SBF)中的释放特性。通过体外细胞毒性研究,讨论材料表征与细胞毒性风险评价的相关性。结果:通过使用10 k D滤膜的超滤管实现了纳米银颗粒的有效分离,并通过调整释放液中氯离子/银离子的浓度比排除了SBF释放液中可能存在的氯化银颗粒物的干扰。利用所建立的规范性试验方法对实验所用的2种含银敷料进行了评价。其结果显示2种含银敷料均含纳米银,往复支架法体外释放试验显示含银烧烫伤贴24 h内在纯水和SBF中释放总银分别为5.24、12.41μg·cm-2,表明在SBF中的总银释放量高于纯水中释放量(约2倍);且SBF中银颗粒的释放比例略高于纯水中的释放比例。细胞毒性评价(MTT、LDH)的结果显示含银烧烫伤贴细胞毒性大于含银创伤贴,与总银释放量呈正相关。结论:本课题建立的含银敷料表征和银释放特性的实验方法,能够有效地判定敷料中是否含有纳米银及是否有纳米银颗粒的释放,为正确地对含银敷料进行风险评估及合理有效的监管提供科学依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Nos.GY02-2011T10,2015P07)the Qingdao Talent Program(No.13-CX-20)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31100567,41176061)the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Groups(No.41521064)
文摘Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.
基金Project(2004BB8429) supported by Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China
文摘The ignition-proof mechanism of ZM5 magnesium alloy added with 0.1% （mass fraction） rare earth （RE） was investigated. The oxide scales and substrates were characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and tensile test. And an oxidation model of ZM5 alloy with RE was established. The results show that the ignition temperature of ZM5 alloy is particularly elevated from 654 to 823 ℃, the microstructure is refined, and the tensile strength is slightly improved from 168.2 to 174.6 MPa by adding 0.1% RE. A double-layer oxidation film formed on the alloy surface under high temperature mainly consists of MgO, RE203 and A1203, which is 2.5-3.5 μm in thickness. It is found that the forming of protective oxidation film on the thermodynamics is attributed to RE elements congregating on the surface of molten Mg alloy.
基金Projects(CSTC2009AB4008)supported by Key Technologies R&D Program and Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission,ChinaProject(KJ100808,KJ08065)supported by Science and Technology Research Fund of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China
文摘The calcium phosphate coatings were prepared by virtue of electrochemical deposition in order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-1.0Ca alloys in simulated body fluids.The chemical compositions,structures and morphologies of the coatings were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively.The potentiodynamic electrochemical technique was employed to investigate the bio-degradation behavior of Mg-1.0Ca alloys with Ca-P coatings in Hank's solutions.The experimental results show that the deposited coatings predominately consist of flake-shape brushite(DCPD,CaHPO4·2H2O)crystallites.The corrosion resistance of the substrates with coatings is improved in Hank's solutions significantly.
文摘目的:建立含银敷料的表征和银体外释放及鉴别释放液中纳米银和银离子的实验方法;探讨其在相关产品检测中的应用。方法:通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对含银敷料进行形貌及银颗粒价态分析表征;采用摇床法及往复支架法考察含银敷料在纯水和模拟体液(SBF)中的释放特性。通过体外细胞毒性研究,讨论材料表征与细胞毒性风险评价的相关性。结果:通过使用10 k D滤膜的超滤管实现了纳米银颗粒的有效分离,并通过调整释放液中氯离子/银离子的浓度比排除了SBF释放液中可能存在的氯化银颗粒物的干扰。利用所建立的规范性试验方法对实验所用的2种含银敷料进行了评价。其结果显示2种含银敷料均含纳米银,往复支架法体外释放试验显示含银烧烫伤贴24 h内在纯水和SBF中释放总银分别为5.24、12.41μg·cm-2,表明在SBF中的总银释放量高于纯水中释放量(约2倍);且SBF中银颗粒的释放比例略高于纯水中的释放比例。细胞毒性评价(MTT、LDH)的结果显示含银烧烫伤贴细胞毒性大于含银创伤贴,与总银释放量呈正相关。结论:本课题建立的含银敷料表征和银释放特性的实验方法,能够有效地判定敷料中是否含有纳米银及是否有纳米银颗粒的释放,为正确地对含银敷料进行风险评估及合理有效的监管提供科学依据。
