磨削残余应力的产生与X射线衍射分析方法

采用X射线应力测定仪对某批磨削轴承钢件的残余应力进行了测定。结果表明:轴承钢(可推延至其他金属材料)在磨削加工中,由于塑性凸出效应、挤光作用、热应力和材料组织结构的变化等因素的影响,使其产生的残余应力有正有负,其绝对值或高或低,难以确定;甚至在强力磨削后,其表层会存在剧烈的应力梯度,使表层呈现为三维应力状态;对于该类磨削工件,需要通过一系列的测试和计算,才能得出其三维应力的各个分量。

X射线衍射残余应力测试仪测试结果可信度验证

本文从实验原理、试验方案、实验数据、数据分析四个步骤详细介绍了验证X射线衍射残余应力测试仪测试结果的方法,并通过误差分析验证了X射线衍射残余应力测试仪器测试数据得到的结果是准确可信的,从而为验证X射线衍射残余应力测试仪提供客观依据。

残余应力测试技术在汽轮机生产和质量控制中的应用

通过部分实例,概述了在对汽轮机生产或运行中的许多零部件,如:转子、叶片、联轴器、汽封圈、隔板、电机轴等进行加工变形分析、失效分析、处理工艺效果分析、振动时效效果分析以及加工表面应力分析时,采用X射线衍射法进行了残余应力分析,为上述分析工作提供了可靠的和实用的数据,指导了工艺的改进,提高了工艺效果,解决了生产中的关键问题,从而保证了产品的质量和安全。

Evaluation on residual stresses of silicon-doped CVD diamond films using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy

The effect of silicon doping on the residual stress of CVD diamond films is examined using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The examined Si-doped diamond films are deposited on WC-Co substrates in a home-made bias-enhanced HFCVD apparatus. Ethyl silicate (Si(OC2H5)4) is dissolved in acetone to obtain various Si/C mole ratio ranging from 0.1% to 1.4% in the reaction gas. Characterizations with SEM and XRD indicate increasing silicon concentration may result in grain size decreasing and diamond [110] texture becoming dominant. The residual stress values of as-deposited Si-doped diamond films are evaluated by both sin2ψ method, which measures the (220) diamond Bragg diffraction peaks using XRD, with ψ-values ranging from 0° to 45°, and Raman spectroscopy, which detects the diamond Raman peak shift from the natural diamond line at 1332 cm-1. The residual stress evolution on the silicon doping level estimated from the above two methods presents rather good agreements, exhibiting that all deposited Si-doped diamond films present compressive stress and the sample with Si/C mole ratio of 0.1% possesses the largest residual stress of ~1.75 GPa (Raman) or ~2.3 GPa (XRD). As the silicon doping level is up further, the residual stress reduces to a relative stable value around 1.3 GPa.

Effect of asymmetric rolling under high friction coefficient on recrystallization texture and plastic anisotropy of AA1050 alloy

In asymmetric rolling(ASR) the circumferential velocities of the working rolls are different. This yields a complex deformation mode with shear, compression and rigid body rotation components. The main microstructural modification is on crystallographic texture, and, for aluminium alloys, this may improve the deformability after recrystallization. This work correlated the process variables, thickness reduction per pass(TRP) and velocity ratio between the upper and bottom rolls, with the texture development and the plastic properties after annealing. Finite element(FE) simulations were performed to quantify the influence of the strain components. Experimental data on texture, and plastic anisotropy were analyzed. In the sheet centre a crystallographic rotation of the compression components about the TD(transverse direction) axis was obtained, which yielded the development of {111}//ND(normal direction) texture components. On the surfaces the local variation of the velocity gradients caused an extra rotation component about ND. This yielded the increment of rotated cube components. After annealing the main texture components at the sheet centre were maintained and the texture intensity decreased. The planar anisotropy(△r) was reduced but the normal anisotropy and deep drawability obtained by the Erichsen test were similar for all conditions. The most favourable reduction of △r was obtained at a velocity ratio of 1.5 and TRP of 10%.

Finite element modeling and experiment for behavior estimation of AlMn0.5Mg0.5 sheet during electromagnetic forming

The electromagnetic forming is a procedure of high-speed processing,which favors the increase of the formability of some plastically deformed metals.In order to evaluate the capacity of some light metals,such as aluminum and its alloys,to be deformed through this procedure,it is useful to know the stress and strain state that occurs in the material during forming.In this work,the modeling of stresses and strains in electromagnetically deformed AlMn0.5Mg0.5 sheet was made.The modeling was achieved using the finite element method and it was verified through experimental tests.To determine the residual stresses,the X-ray diffraction method was used.The strains were established by measuring the displacements of the nodes in the network inscribed on the specimen by means of three coordinates measuring machine.A good agreement between the modeling results and experimental data was found.

Preliminary study on theory and experiment of photo-mechanics manufacturing and detecting technologies based on laser thermal stress

Mechanics effect of laser thermal stress is a new manufacturing technology, which uses thermal stress by high power laser acted on the surface of metal material to produce stress field. The technologies such as sheet metal formation by laser thermal stress, measurement by laser scratching and measurement by XRD (X-ray diffraction) are formed based on mechanics effects of laser thermal stress. The mechanisms of sheet metal formation by laser thermal stress, measurement by laser scratching and measurement by XRD are analyzed, and the theory of photo-mechanics manufacturing and detecting technologies based on laser thermal stress is originally put forward, whose experiment is primitively researched, and the manufacturing theory by mechanics effects of laser thermal stress is established.

表面处理对氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射应力分析的sin2ψ法计算了Si3N4陶瓷试样的残余应力,并分别测量了表面处理前后Si3N4试样的力学性能。结果表明,经平面磨削后的Si3N4试样表面残余应力为拉应力,而抛光处理可适当降低残余应力。两种方法都使试样抗弯强度降低。

8Cr4Mo4V钢制轴承套圈磨削表面烧伤检测方法

采用调整8Cr4Mo4V钢制角接触轴承套圈沟道磨削工艺参数的方法制备磨削试样,利用X射线衍射应力仪、冷酸洗及Barkhausen噪声等检测手段分析了套圈沟道磨削表面性能。结果表明:当磨削表面没有烧伤时,X射线衍射应力检测表面有10μm左右的残余压应力层,冷酸洗无烧伤,Barkhausen噪声Max/Min值大部分满足标样值(≤1.2)的要求;Barkhausen噪声检测结果不仅能够反映磨削烧伤,还能够起到表征套圈磨削表面性能不均匀性的效果。

Characterization of residual stresses and microstructural features in an Inconel 718 forged compressor disc

Residual stress plays an important part in fabricating commercial aero engine Inconel 718 components for their fatigue properties, reliability and durability. Due to the limitation of Chinese neutron diffraction instrument and lack of test practice and specifications, there is little systematic research on the residual stress of forged compressor disc. X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods were used to measure the residual stress of Inconel 718 forged discs at the surface and in the interior, respectively. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the microstructural features. The residual stress state at the disc is in near-surface compression, balanced by tension within the disc core. However, the surface residual stress of disc depends more on the rough machining than on the forging process. Also, the dislocation densities increase with decreasing distance to the surfaces of disc, and the residual stress accelerates dislocation generation and dynamic recrystallization.

Thermal-induced transformation of wetting behaviors on laser-textured SiC surfaces

Thermal-induced transformation of wetting behaviors on laser-textured silicon carbide （SIC） surfaces was discussed in this work. To investigate the transformation, a quenching experiment was conducted and an X-ray diffractometer was used to measure the residual stress. The experimental results demonstrate that the significantly enhanced hydrophilicity was induced by the increasing thermal residual stress of SiC materials after the aqueous quenching. It was found that the decrease in the contact angle increased with the increasing quenching temperature. Quenching at 350℃ led to the change of contact angle from 89.28° to 70.88° for the smooth surface, while from 72.25° to 33.75° for the laser-textured surface with depth 8 μm. Further, the surface hydrophobicity was enhanced by the release of thermal residual stress after quenching, thereby leading to an increase in the contact angle over time. The transformation of wetting behaviors on laser textured SiC surfaces can be achieved mutually by the aqueous quenching method.