X射线衍射物相分析在石油勘探开发中的应用

X射线衍射物相分析是鉴定和识别矿物的可靠方法。以GZ1井、Zh4井、W2块、Ch3块K2c油藏样品的X射线衍射物相分析为例，说明该方法在石油勘探开发中应用的重要意义。

X射线衍射貌相技术在宝石学中的应用

随着宝石学的发展，X射线衍射貌相技术在宝石学中的应用越来越广泛。以金刚石、镀膜石榴石为例，介绍X射线貌相的各种技术及其在宝石学研究与鉴定中的应用。

粉末X射线衍射法测定氢气还原的气相醛加氢催化剂

采用粉末X射线衍射鉴定氢气还原的气相醛加氢催化剂中晶体物相并应用Scherrer法定量测定铜的晶粒尺寸。其晶体物相鉴定结果为:石墨、氧化锌、铜。采用化学计量学峰形拟合的方法计算铜(111)晶面晶粒尺寸约为10.3 nm,测定数据能够满足气相醛加氢催化剂研发的要求。

S Zorb吸附剂物相现场快速成套分析技术的应用

本文通过应用脱硫吸附剂物相含量现场快速成套分析技术对新生产的吸附剂、待生剂和再生剂进行不定期分析,监控这些吸附剂中关键活性和非活性组分的含量,从而监控产品质量及吸附剂在装置中的活性状态,为排查装置故障提供指导和帮助。该技术对降低废吸附剂的产量,具有良好的环保效益和经济效益。

Solvothermal Route to Prepare the Metastable Phase 3c-Fe_7S_8 with Hexagonal Platelet Morphology

The metastable phase 3c-Fe7S8 with the hexagonal platelet morphology has been prepared by using solvothermal route. The product was characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The experiment results show that the as-prepared Fe7S8 is a metastable phase with the hexagonal platelet morphology.

10Cr5MoWVTiB钢的组织稳定性

应用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和机械性能试验方法，研究了１０Ｃｒ５ＭｏｗＶＴｉＢ热强钢的组织稳定性，并对电解沉淀相进行了Ｘ射线衍射相分析和化学定量分析。

Variation of microfibril angle and its correlation to wood properties in poplars

The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth ring at breast height for all sample trees. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. Mean microfibril angle (MFA) at breast height varied from 7.8?to 28?between growth rings with cambial age and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of decline an-gles. Analysis of variance also indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content between the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency from pith to bark. Correlations between MFA and examined wood properties were predominantly large and significant negative (?0.01), and the coefficients were -0.660 for cellulose content, -0.586 for fiber length, -0.516 for fiber width and -0.450 for wood basic density, respectively. Regression analysis with linear and curve estimation indicated that a quadratic function showed the largest R2 and the least standard error for describing the relationships between microfibril angle and measured wood properties, and the correlation coefficients were over -0.45 (n=125). The results from this study suggested that microfibril angle would be a good characteristic for improvement in the future breeding program of poplars.

中国金刚石研究的新进展

20世纪90年代以来,我国金刚石研究进入了一个新的发展阶段。在金刚石资源勘探、金刚石矿物学、金刚石宝石学研究等方面,都取得了很大的进展。

Twinning in Low-Temperature MOCVD Grown GaN on (001) GaAs Substrate

GaN buffer layers (thickness ～60nm) grown on GaAs(001) by low-temperature MOCVD are investigated by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements using synchrotron radiation in order to understand the heteroepitaxial growth features of GaN on GaAs(001) substrates.In addition to the epitaxially aligned crystallites,their corresponding twins of the first and the second order are found in the X-ray diffraction pole figures.Moreover,{111} φ scans with χ at 55° reveal the abnormal distribution of Bragg diffractions.The extra intensity maxima in the pole figures shows that the process of twinning plays a dominating role during the growth process.It is suggested that the polarity of {111} facets emerged on (001) surface will affect the growth-twin nucleation at the initial stages of GaN growth on GaAs(001) substrates.It is proposed that twinning is prone to occurring on {111}B,N-terminated facets.

铝合金电阻点焊电极烧损机理的研究

电极烧损是铝合金电阻点焊工艺当中存在的主要问题之一 ,它严重限制了该工艺的推广和应用 ,也是铝合金电阻点焊研究中的难点问题。以实验为基础从多个角度探讨了铝合金电阻点焊时电极发生烧损的机理及其影响因素。结果表明 ,铝合金点焊中电极的烧损是由于接触面上的局部高温熔化和铜铝之间的接触反应两方面因素共同作用的结果 ,电极烧损所形成的合金组织是以CuAl2 为主的金属间化合物。

冷轧纯铝板在不同温度退火后的织构

通过对单向冷轧的纯铝板在 1 40℃ ,2 0 0℃ ,3 0 0℃ ,3 80℃退火 ,用 X射线衍射物相分析 ,研究冷轧纯铝板在退火前和各温度退火后的织构 .结果表明 :在 1 40～ 3 0 0℃的中低温退火后 ,板中的形变强织构被削弱 ,产生新的退火织构 ;在 3 80℃的高温退火后 。

Effects of Thickness on Properties of ZnO Films Grown on Si by MOCVD

High quality ZnO films are successfully grown on Si（100） substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition at 300℃. The effects of the thickness of the ZnO films on crystal structure, surface morphology,and optical properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning probe microscopy,and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. It is shown that the ZnO films grown on Si substrates have a highly-preferential C-axis orientation,but it is difficult to obtain the better structural and optical properties of the ZnO films with the increasing of thickness. It is maybe due to that the grain size and the growth model are changed in the growth process.

Phase equilibria of Zn-Al-Ti ternary system at 450 and 600℃

The phase relationships in the Zn-Al-Ti system at 450 and 600℃ were experimentally determined using equilibrated alloys method.The specimens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry.Eleven and eight three-phase regions are confirmed in the 450 and 600℃ isothermal sections,respectively.The Ti2Al5 which only exists at high temperature(990-1199.4℃)in Ti-Al binary system is confirmed in two isothermal sections due to the dissolution of zinc.The T phase is confirmed as a ternary compound rather than an extension phase of TiZn3 at 450℃.The T2 phase is a new ternary phase stable at 450 and 600℃ in Zn-Al-Ti ternary system.

Carbothermic reduction of alumina with carbon in vacuum

Carbothermic reduction alumina in vacuum was conducted, and the products were analysed by means of XRD and gas chromatography. Thermodynamic analysis shows that in vacuum the initial carbothermic reduction reaction temperature reduces compared with that under normal pressure, and the preferential order of products is Al404C, Al4C3, Al2OC, Al20 and A1. Experiment results show that the carbothermic reduction products of alumina are A1404C and A14C3, and neither A12OC, Al20 or Al was found. During the carbothermic reduction process, the reaction rate of Al203 and carbon decreases gradually with increasing time. Meanwhile, lower system pressure or higher temperature is beneficial to the carbothermic reduction of alumina process. A1404C is firstly formed in the carbothermic reaction, and then A14C3 is formed in lower system pressure or at higher temperature.

Effect of ZrO_2 Crystalline Phase on the Performance of Ni-B/ZrO_2 Catalyst for the CO Selective Methanation

Amorphous Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation-chemical reduction with KBH4 aqueous solution,and various crystalline phase ZrO2(amorphous-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2) supported Ni-B catalysts were obtained by thermal treatment in 5%H2-N2 stream at different temperature.The effect of ZrO2 polymorphs and the treatment temperature on the catalytic performance for the CO selective methanation were investigated,and the catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption,Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), Temperature-Programmed Desorption(CO-TPD and H2-TPD),and Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC).The treatment temperature affected strongly the crystalline structure of ZrO2,and the CO methanation activity and selectivity of the Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were significantly influenced by the crystalline phase of ZrO2.Of the three forms of ZrO2 polymorphs(amorphou-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2),the amorphous-ZrO2 supported nickle catalyst showed highest CO methanation activity,attributing in large part to the largest specific surface area and the optimum CO/H2 absorption intensity of the Ni-B/amorphous-ZrO2 catalyst.

Liquidus and phase equilibria in CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system

The single hot thermocouple technique （SHTT） and high temperature equilibrium technique were combined to investigate the phase diagram of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%AlzO3-TiO2 system. The 1300 ℃ to 1500 ℃ liquidus lines are calculated according to the thermodynamic equations based on the pseudo-melting temperatures measured by the single hot thermocouple technique. The phase equilibria relationships are experimentally determined at 1400 ℃ using the high temperature equilibria technique followed by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） analysis. The liquid phase（L）, melilite solid solution phase （（C2MSz,C2AS）ss）, diopside phase（CMS2） and perovskite phase （CaO·TiO2） are found. Coupled with the liquidus lines and equilibria results, the phase diagram is constructed for the specified region of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system.

Different Influences of Lanthanum and Cerium on Stability of Y Zeolite and Their DFT Calculations

In this paper,the different influences of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) species on the stability of Y zeolite were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and multinuclear (27Al,29Si) solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).It was found that the stability of Y zeolite could be enhanced by the introduction of La or Ce species;however,the former effect was more remarkable than the latter.These results were also confirmed theoretically by density functional calculations.There was a strong interaction between the rare earth (La or Ce) species and Y zeolite clusters,which restrained the formation of extra-framework aluminum and enhanced evidently the stability of Y zeolite.Furthermore,the interaction between La species and Y zeolite was stronger than that of Ce species with Y zeolite.

Crystal structures and elastic properties of Ti(Cu,Pt)2 and Ti(Cu,Pt)3 phases

This paper focused on the crystal structures of two new ternary phases,Ti(Cu,Pt)2 and Ti(Cu,Pt)3,which were studied by X-ray powder diffraction data using Rietveld method.Electron probe microanalysis was used for sample composition examination.Elastic properties of these phases were further measured by nano-indentation,and meanwhile calculated with first-principle(FP)calculations.It is found that the crystal structure of Ti(Cu,Pt)2 is of orthorhombic cell space group Amm2(No.38)with structural prototype of VAu2.The resolved structure of Ti(Cu,Pt)3 is of tetragonal Al Pt3 type,belonging to the space group P4/mmm(No.123).The nano-indentation measurement and FP calculations show that the elastic modulus of Ti(Cu,Pt)2 increases firstly then decreases with Pt content,whereas that of Ti(Cu,Pt)3almost linearly increases with Pt content.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Sm-Sr Nickelates

The main purpose of this work was to obtain Sm-Sr nickelates nanoparticles with Ruddelsden-Popper type structures obtained by a simple process such as gelatin synthesis. The powders were calcinated at 900 ℃ and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The effect of chemical substitution of the Sm^3＋ by Sr^2＋ ions on the structural properties of the powders was studied. The Rietveld＇s method was successfully applied for determination of the quantitative phase analysis of the powders and revealed that the main phase of the powders for different strontium content is of Ruddelsden-Popper type structure. A symmetry change from orthorhombic to tetragonal is observed as increasing strontium.

Influence of Synthesis Parameters with Low Seed Addition on the Crystallinity of ZSM-5

ZSM-5 zeolite microparticles （MPs） were synthesized under hydrothermal condition using a low crystal seed addition approach without template. The synthesis parameters such as the seed addition amount, the SiOJA1203 ratio, the aluminum source, the feeding addition method, aging, and crystallization were investigated. The structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite MPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, laser particle size distribution （PSD） measurements, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The SIO2/A1203 ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite MPs was in the range of 20~80. The low seed addition was beneficial to improving the crystallinity and shortening the crystallization time, and the suitable amount of seed was 0.25% （SIO2）. The ZSM-5 zeolite MPs synthesized with aluminium nitrate nonahydrate used as the aluminum source exhibited a relatively high crystallinity. An appropriate aging time could eliminate the effect of feeding addition method and effectively adjust particle size. The particle size of ZSM-5 zeolite obtained at an aging time of 20 h was around 2.0 I.tm. Prolonging the aging time appropriately could also shorten the high-temperature crystallization time. The suitable aging time was 24 h, and the relative crystallinity of ZSM-5 zeolite could reach up to 99% after crystallization for 24 h at 180 ℃