目的:研究乙肝病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBX)对Gankyrin表达水平的影响以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在HBX基因调控Gankyrin表达中的作用。方法:HBX腺病毒表达载体(Ad-HBX-GFP)感染转染2种人肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞...目的:研究乙肝病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBX)对Gankyrin表达水平的影响以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在HBX基因调控Gankyrin表达中的作用。方法:HBX腺病毒表达载体(Ad-HBX-GFP)感染转染2种人肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,Si-HBX分子(Si-HBX oligo)用LipofectamineTM 2000转染入HepG2.2.15细胞,用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测HBX与Gankyrin的表达情况;β-catenin腺病毒载体转染HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,用Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况;在沉默β-catenin表达的HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞中过表达HBX基因,Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况。结果:①HepG2.2.15细胞中Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于HepG2细胞(P<0.05)。②HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中Ad-HBX-GFP组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体(Ad-GFP)组(P<0.01)。③HepG2.2.15细胞中Si-HBX组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均低于Si-阴性对照(Si-NC)组(P<0.01)。④在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达HBX后,Ad-HBX-GFP组β-catenin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组(P<0.01)。⑤在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达β-catenin后,β-catenin腺病毒表达载体(Ad-β-catenin-GFP)组Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组(P<0.01)。⑥在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中沉默β-catenin后,过表达HBX基因,Si-β-catenin腺病毒表达载体(Ad-si-β-catenin-RFP)组与红色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体(Ad-RFP)组相比,Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平未见升高(P<0.01)。结论:HBX-Wnt/β-catenin-Gankyrin信号转导通路存在与肝癌细胞中,抑制β-catenin的功能可阻遏HBX对Gankyrin的上调作用,本结果将可能为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。展开更多
视频公开课节目制作要求使用多机位进行拍摄制作,传统多机位制作多是用现场切换进行一次性录制制作,这种制作方式有前期工作量大,后期编辑不方便等缺点,本文结合具体案例,介绍了视频公开课多机位制作的流程,以及苹果公司后期制作软件Fin...视频公开课节目制作要求使用多机位进行拍摄制作,传统多机位制作多是用现场切换进行一次性录制制作,这种制作方式有前期工作量大,后期编辑不方便等缺点,本文结合具体案例,介绍了视频公开课多机位制作的流程,以及苹果公司后期制作软件Final Cut Pro X的多机位编辑技术。展开更多
Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is nam...Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.展开更多
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Previously studies showed that FXR-/- mice spontaneously developed liver tumors when they aged, however, the relevance of which to...Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Previously studies showed that FXR-/- mice spontaneously developed liver tumors when they aged, however, the relevance of which to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this study is to observe whether FXR expression is also downregulated in HCC and discuss the mechanism of the reduced FXR expression in HCC. Expression of FXR and small heterodimer partner (SHP) was measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical technique. Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on expression of FXR and its promoter activity were determined in primary hepatocytes or HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Our results showed that expression of FXR and its target gene SHP in human HCC was strongly downregulated compared to the normal liver tissues. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines were able to decrease FXR expression by inhibiting the FXR promoter activity. In conclusion this work demonstrates FXR expression is strongly downregulated in human HCC, which may be caused by decreased FXR promoter activity, suggesting a potential role of FXR in human HCC development.展开更多
Pr0.6-x NdxCa0.4 FeO3-δ （ x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6） were synthesized using Pechini method. A number of studies were conducted concerning composition, specific area, crystalline structure and microstructure ...Pr0.6-x NdxCa0.4 FeO3-δ （ x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6） were synthesized using Pechini method. A number of studies were conducted concerning composition, specific area, crystalline structure and microstructure of the samples by means of FT-IR, BET, XRD TG-DTA and SEM. The results show that all the samples with different doping amounts of Pr^3＋ and Nd^3＋ on A-site are fine dispersed, and mean particle size less than 100 nm. The powders have good sinterability, and the relative density is 95% after sintered at 1200 ℃ for 2 h. It is found that all specimens are entirely single phase solid solutions with orthorhombic perovskite structure, the stable perovskitetype phase is formed completely after calcination at 900 ℃.展开更多
文摘Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30600299)
文摘Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Previously studies showed that FXR-/- mice spontaneously developed liver tumors when they aged, however, the relevance of which to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this study is to observe whether FXR expression is also downregulated in HCC and discuss the mechanism of the reduced FXR expression in HCC. Expression of FXR and small heterodimer partner (SHP) was measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical technique. Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on expression of FXR and its promoter activity were determined in primary hepatocytes or HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Our results showed that expression of FXR and its target gene SHP in human HCC was strongly downregulated compared to the normal liver tissues. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines were able to decrease FXR expression by inhibiting the FXR promoter activity. In conclusion this work demonstrates FXR expression is strongly downregulated in human HCC, which may be caused by decreased FXR promoter activity, suggesting a potential role of FXR in human HCC development.
文摘Pr0.6-x NdxCa0.4 FeO3-δ （ x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6） were synthesized using Pechini method. A number of studies were conducted concerning composition, specific area, crystalline structure and microstructure of the samples by means of FT-IR, BET, XRD TG-DTA and SEM. The results show that all the samples with different doping amounts of Pr^3＋ and Nd^3＋ on A-site are fine dispersed, and mean particle size less than 100 nm. The powders have good sinterability, and the relative density is 95% after sintered at 1200 ℃ for 2 h. It is found that all specimens are entirely single phase solid solutions with orthorhombic perovskite structure, the stable perovskitetype phase is formed completely after calcination at 900 ℃.
