The line-of-sight velocity of scattering facets is related to the Doppler signals of X-band coherent marine radar from the oceanic surface. First, the sign Doppler Estimator is applied to estimate the Doppler shift of...The line-of-sight velocity of scattering facets is related to the Doppler signals of X-band coherent marine radar from the oceanic surface. First, the sign Doppler Estimator is applied to estimate the Doppler shift of each radar resolution cell. And then, in terms of the Doppler shift, a retrieval algorithm extracting the vertical displacement of the sea surface has been proposed. The effects induced by radar look-direction and radar spatial resolution are both taken into account in this retrieval algorithm. The comparison between the sea surface spectrum of buoy data and the retrieved spectrum reveals that the function of the radar spatial resolution is equivalent to a low pass filter, impacting especially the spectrum of short gravity waves. The experimental data collected by McMaster IPIX radar are also used to validate the performance of the retrieval algorithm. The derived significant wave height and wave period are compared with the in situ measurements, and the agreement indicates the practicality of the retrieval technology.展开更多
Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experime...Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experimental area to quantitatively estimate the particle concentrations of sand-dust storms using the boundary layer wind-profiling radar. We thoroughly studied the radar echo signals and reflectivity factor features during the sand-dust storms. The results indicate that（1） under sand-dust storm conditions, boundary layer wind-profiling radar cannot capture the complete information regarding horizontal wind velocity and direction, but it can obtain the backscattering intensity of sand-dust storms; and（2） during sand-dust storms particle size distributions in the surface layer closely resemble log-normal distributions, with sand-dust particles sizes of 90–100 μm accounting for the maximum particle probability. Retrieved particle size distributions at heights of 600, 800, and 1000 m follow log-normal distributions, and the expected value of particle diameter decreases gradually with increasing height. From the perspective of orders of magnitude, the retrieved results for particle number concentrations and mass concentrations are consistent with previous aircraft-detected results, indicating that it is basically feasible to use boundary layer wind-profiling radar to quantitatively detect the particle concentrations of dust storms.展开更多
回波强度测量误差主要由雷达本身的参数(如发射功率、波束宽度、天线增益、系统损耗等)、气象因子(如折射指数、衰减系数、充塞系数等)、信号处理方法等误差引起。通过对相关雷达参数的相对误差和回波强度绝对误差曲线分析得出,雷达参...回波强度测量误差主要由雷达本身的参数(如发射功率、波束宽度、天线增益、系统损耗等)、气象因子(如折射指数、衰减系数、充塞系数等)、信号处理方法等误差引起。通过对相关雷达参数的相对误差和回波强度绝对误差曲线分析得出,雷达参数天线增益优于0.1 dB、发射峰值功率优于10%、发射频率优于0.1%、脉冲宽度优于1%、波束宽度优于0.01°时,反射率因子测量误差将<0.8 dB z,可满足新一代天气雷达反射率因子测量误差范围在±1 dB内的技术要求。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376179 and 41106153the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1406404
文摘The line-of-sight velocity of scattering facets is related to the Doppler signals of X-band coherent marine radar from the oceanic surface. First, the sign Doppler Estimator is applied to estimate the Doppler shift of each radar resolution cell. And then, in terms of the Doppler shift, a retrieval algorithm extracting the vertical displacement of the sea surface has been proposed. The effects induced by radar look-direction and radar spatial resolution are both taken into account in this retrieval algorithm. The comparison between the sea surface spectrum of buoy data and the retrieved spectrum reveals that the function of the radar spatial resolution is equivalent to a low pass filter, impacting especially the spectrum of short gravity waves. The experimental data collected by McMaster IPIX radar are also used to validate the performance of the retrieval algorithm. The derived significant wave height and wave period are compared with the in situ measurements, and the agreement indicates the practicality of the retrieval technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41775030, 41575008, 11302111, 11562017)the China Research Foundation for Desert Meteorology (SQJ2014003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experimental area to quantitatively estimate the particle concentrations of sand-dust storms using the boundary layer wind-profiling radar. We thoroughly studied the radar echo signals and reflectivity factor features during the sand-dust storms. The results indicate that（1） under sand-dust storm conditions, boundary layer wind-profiling radar cannot capture the complete information regarding horizontal wind velocity and direction, but it can obtain the backscattering intensity of sand-dust storms; and（2） during sand-dust storms particle size distributions in the surface layer closely resemble log-normal distributions, with sand-dust particles sizes of 90–100 μm accounting for the maximum particle probability. Retrieved particle size distributions at heights of 600, 800, and 1000 m follow log-normal distributions, and the expected value of particle diameter decreases gradually with increasing height. From the perspective of orders of magnitude, the retrieved results for particle number concentrations and mass concentrations are consistent with previous aircraft-detected results, indicating that it is basically feasible to use boundary layer wind-profiling radar to quantitatively detect the particle concentrations of dust storms.
文摘回波强度测量误差主要由雷达本身的参数(如发射功率、波束宽度、天线增益、系统损耗等)、气象因子(如折射指数、衰减系数、充塞系数等)、信号处理方法等误差引起。通过对相关雷达参数的相对误差和回波强度绝对误差曲线分析得出,雷达参数天线增益优于0.1 dB、发射峰值功率优于10%、发射频率优于0.1%、脉冲宽度优于1%、波束宽度优于0.01°时,反射率因子测量误差将<0.8 dB z,可满足新一代天气雷达反射率因子测量误差范围在±1 dB内的技术要求。
