The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is ...The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.展开更多
Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of ...Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.展开更多
As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of n...As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of nominalization, which entails the positive and negative stylistic effects. The paper also discusses the relationship between form, function and stylistic features.展开更多
This paper deals with the application of nominal indirect anaphora to unveil the essence of nominal indirect anaphora and disclose the magic power of cohesion and coherence inside it from the angle of cognitive lingui...This paper deals with the application of nominal indirect anaphora to unveil the essence of nominal indirect anaphora and disclose the magic power of cohesion and coherence inside it from the angle of cognitive linguistics.Thus we can apply the resolution mechanism for English teaching and learning for English learners.展开更多
People gradually learn that in grammar category, nominalization has a very close relation to the category of discourse. This article discusses nominalization from the viewpoints of three linguistic schools, then goes ...People gradually learn that in grammar category, nominalization has a very close relation to the category of discourse. This article discusses nominalization from the viewpoints of three linguistic schools, then goes into the systemic functional linguistics in particular, and points out that nominalization is due to the need of communication, and has a very close relation to the category of discourse. Through the analysis of chosen language materials, this article wants to prove that the frequency of nominalization is in direct proportion to the degree of the formality of the category of discourse. That is to say, the higher the frequency is, the higher the degree is. It 's the same the other way round.展开更多
Based on nominal model, a novel global sliding mode controller （GSMC） with a new control scheme is proposed for a practical uncertain servo system. This control scheme consists of two combined controllers, One is th...Based on nominal model, a novel global sliding mode controller （GSMC） with a new control scheme is proposed for a practical uncertain servo system. This control scheme consists of two combined controllers, One is the global sliding mode controller for practical plant, the other is the integral backstepping controller for nominal model. Modeling error between practical plant and nominal model is used to design GSMC. The steady-state control accuracy can be guaranteed by the integral backstepping control law, and the global robustness can be obtained by GSMC. The stability of the proposed controller is proved according to the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results both of sine signal and step signal tracking for 3-axis flight table are investigated to show good position tracking performance and high robustness with respect to large and parameter changes over all the response time.展开更多
A nominative multi-proxy signature in which the original signer authorizes a group of proxy signers is presented. Meanwhile, our proposed scheme is based on elliptic curve cryptosystem which is more efficient than the...A nominative multi-proxy signature in which the original signer authorizes a group of proxy signers is presented. Meanwhile, our proposed scheme is based on elliptic curve cryptosystem which is more efficient than the corresponding one based on traditional discrete logarithm.展开更多
It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an ...It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed.The author conducted onesemester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach(POA).This research demonstrated how to apply POA,specifically,the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization.By triangulating the data of students’interviews,learning journals and written output,and the data of 4 teachers’class observations and interviews,this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.展开更多
By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to ...By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to a proxy, who generates a nominative signature on behalf of the original signer and only k or more active verifiers in the n nominees (verifiers) nominated by the proxy signer can verify the signature signed by the proxy. If necessary, these (k or more) active nominees (verifiers) can prove its validity to a third party. In this scheme, the secret shares are generated and en- crypted by the original signer. At the same time, the ciphertexts of the secret shares are used as parts of the signature. Then, the secret shares need not be sent to the nominees (verifiers) secretly. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a (1, 1) threshold nominative proxy signature. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a special case of a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature. According to the security analysis of this paper, it is found that our scheme is secure against a proxy signing key forgery attack and existential forgery on an adaptive chosen message attack.展开更多
Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary f...Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary factors in the variation of interest rates,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,when the exchange rate is determined by market forces.Results:Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates,money growth,income growth,changes in nominal exchange rate,and budget deficit.From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality,followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confirmed involving the augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron unit-root tests.Results:The paper confirms that both monetary and fiscal factors have significant effects on the variations of interest rates.Money growth triggers an increase in interest rates,which supports the Fisher equation view,while income growth has a negative impact.Budget deficit causes a rise in interest rates,but the role of the exchange rate is found to be almost insignificant,probably due to including exchange rate series that cover both the pegged and market-based regimes of exchange rates.The second part of the analysis,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,further establishes the positive impact of M2 money growth and income growth on interest rates.In this case,exchange rate depreciation causes an increase in interest rates.Conclusions:The significant role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations implies it would be possible to manage interest rates through a judiciary management of monetary and fiscal policies.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to enhance a practical nominal characteristic trajectory following(NCTF) controller that is specifically designed for two-mass point-to-point positioning systems. A nominal characteristics tr...The goal of this paper is to enhance a practical nominal characteristic trajectory following(NCTF) controller that is specifically designed for two-mass point-to-point positioning systems. A nominal characteristics trajectory contained in the NCTF controller acts as movement/motion reference and a compensator is utilized to force the object to detect and follow the reference/desired trajectory. The object must follow and track closely and should be as fast as possible. The NCTF controller is designed with two different intelligent based compensator approaches which are fuzzy logic and extended minimal resource allocation network. The proposed controller which is NCTF are compared with the conventional proportional integral compensator. Then the results of simulation are discussed for the positioning performances. The inertia variations due to the effect of the design parameters are also assessed to see the robustness of controllers. The results show that the NCTF control method designed from an intelligent based compensator has a better positioning performance in terms of percentage of overshoot, settling time, and steady state error than the classical based compensator.展开更多
Light-induced absorption in the nominally pure bismuth silicon oxide is investigated experimentally and the result shows that it consists of transient and persistent parts. The experimental evidence is analysed based ...Light-induced absorption in the nominally pure bismuth silicon oxide is investigated experimentally and the result shows that it consists of transient and persistent parts. The experimental evidence is analysed based on the model of three groups of trap (donor) centres.展开更多
Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular an...Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular and appropriate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to support nurses to be able to provide effective health care therefore becomes even more significant in these settings. Engagement and “buy in” from relevant stakeholders at an organisational level is a critical step to ensure CPD provision for nurses. Objectives: The overall aim was to achieve consensus on CPD for registered nurses working in remote and rural settings among key stakeholders using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The objectives were to identify stakeholders’ perspectives on the priorities for CPD training for registered nurses;the preferred modes of delivery for CPD and perceived barriers and facilitators for CPD access. Methods: NGT was used as a qualitative method with key organisational stakeholders in several iterative stages in the form of a workshop. Results: 22 senior healthcare professionals involved in medical and nursing education representing north, northeast, central India and the state of Karnataka in South India participated in the workshop. Three key findings emerged from this study: priorities of CPD;preferred modes of CPD delivery;barriers and facilitators to CPD access. Conclusion: Engagement with key stakeholders to identify CPD priorities can help facilitate strategic planning and provision of relevant and accessible CPD programmes for nurses working within remote and rural health care contexts in India.展开更多
基金funding from BRIN through the Research Collaboration Program with ORPA(No.2/III.1/HK/2024)Prayitno Abadi is participating in this study as part of a Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration on Regional Ionospheric Observation at Telkom University(No.092/SAM3/TE-DEK/2021).
文摘The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.
文摘Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.
文摘As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of nominalization, which entails the positive and negative stylistic effects. The paper also discusses the relationship between form, function and stylistic features.
文摘This paper deals with the application of nominal indirect anaphora to unveil the essence of nominal indirect anaphora and disclose the magic power of cohesion and coherence inside it from the angle of cognitive linguistics.Thus we can apply the resolution mechanism for English teaching and learning for English learners.
文摘People gradually learn that in grammar category, nominalization has a very close relation to the category of discourse. This article discusses nominalization from the viewpoints of three linguistic schools, then goes into the systemic functional linguistics in particular, and points out that nominalization is due to the need of communication, and has a very close relation to the category of discourse. Through the analysis of chosen language materials, this article wants to prove that the frequency of nominalization is in direct proportion to the degree of the formality of the category of discourse. That is to say, the higher the frequency is, the higher the degree is. It 's the same the other way round.
文摘Based on nominal model, a novel global sliding mode controller （GSMC） with a new control scheme is proposed for a practical uncertain servo system. This control scheme consists of two combined controllers, One is the global sliding mode controller for practical plant, the other is the integral backstepping controller for nominal model. Modeling error between practical plant and nominal model is used to design GSMC. The steady-state control accuracy can be guaranteed by the integral backstepping control law, and the global robustness can be obtained by GSMC. The stability of the proposed controller is proved according to the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results both of sine signal and step signal tracking for 3-axis flight table are investigated to show good position tracking performance and high robustness with respect to large and parameter changes over all the response time.
文摘A nominative multi-proxy signature in which the original signer authorizes a group of proxy signers is presented. Meanwhile, our proposed scheme is based on elliptic curve cryptosystem which is more efficient than the corresponding one based on traditional discrete logarithm.
文摘It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed.The author conducted onesemester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach(POA).This research demonstrated how to apply POA,specifically,the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization.By triangulating the data of students’interviews,learning journals and written output,and the data of 4 teachers’class observations and interviews,this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.
基金Projects 60473028 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and 2006XXJ17 by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhengzhou Universityof Light Industry
文摘By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to a proxy, who generates a nominative signature on behalf of the original signer and only k or more active verifiers in the n nominees (verifiers) nominated by the proxy signer can verify the signature signed by the proxy. If necessary, these (k or more) active nominees (verifiers) can prove its validity to a third party. In this scheme, the secret shares are generated and en- crypted by the original signer. At the same time, the ciphertexts of the secret shares are used as parts of the signature. Then, the secret shares need not be sent to the nominees (verifiers) secretly. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a (1, 1) threshold nominative proxy signature. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a special case of a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature. According to the security analysis of this paper, it is found that our scheme is secure against a proxy signing key forgery attack and existential forgery on an adaptive chosen message attack.
文摘Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary factors in the variation of interest rates,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,when the exchange rate is determined by market forces.Results:Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates,money growth,income growth,changes in nominal exchange rate,and budget deficit.From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality,followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confirmed involving the augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron unit-root tests.Results:The paper confirms that both monetary and fiscal factors have significant effects on the variations of interest rates.Money growth triggers an increase in interest rates,which supports the Fisher equation view,while income growth has a negative impact.Budget deficit causes a rise in interest rates,but the role of the exchange rate is found to be almost insignificant,probably due to including exchange rate series that cover both the pegged and market-based regimes of exchange rates.The second part of the analysis,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,further establishes the positive impact of M2 money growth and income growth on interest rates.In this case,exchange rate depreciation causes an increase in interest rates.Conclusions:The significant role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations implies it would be possible to manage interest rates through a judiciary management of monetary and fiscal policies.
文摘The goal of this paper is to enhance a practical nominal characteristic trajectory following(NCTF) controller that is specifically designed for two-mass point-to-point positioning systems. A nominal characteristics trajectory contained in the NCTF controller acts as movement/motion reference and a compensator is utilized to force the object to detect and follow the reference/desired trajectory. The object must follow and track closely and should be as fast as possible. The NCTF controller is designed with two different intelligent based compensator approaches which are fuzzy logic and extended minimal resource allocation network. The proposed controller which is NCTF are compared with the conventional proportional integral compensator. Then the results of simulation are discussed for the positioning performances. The inertia variations due to the effect of the design parameters are also assessed to see the robustness of controllers. The results show that the NCTF control method designed from an intelligent based compensator has a better positioning performance in terms of percentage of overshoot, settling time, and steady state error than the classical based compensator.
基金Supported by the Special Funds for Excellent Young Researchers from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.69825108 and 19734040the National Education Ministry of China,and“973”project(Grant G1999033003).
文摘Light-induced absorption in the nominally pure bismuth silicon oxide is investigated experimentally and the result shows that it consists of transient and persistent parts. The experimental evidence is analysed based on the model of three groups of trap (donor) centres.
文摘Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular and appropriate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to support nurses to be able to provide effective health care therefore becomes even more significant in these settings. Engagement and “buy in” from relevant stakeholders at an organisational level is a critical step to ensure CPD provision for nurses. Objectives: The overall aim was to achieve consensus on CPD for registered nurses working in remote and rural settings among key stakeholders using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The objectives were to identify stakeholders’ perspectives on the priorities for CPD training for registered nurses;the preferred modes of delivery for CPD and perceived barriers and facilitators for CPD access. Methods: NGT was used as a qualitative method with key organisational stakeholders in several iterative stages in the form of a workshop. Results: 22 senior healthcare professionals involved in medical and nursing education representing north, northeast, central India and the state of Karnataka in South India participated in the workshop. Three key findings emerged from this study: priorities of CPD;preferred modes of CPD delivery;barriers and facilitators to CPD access. Conclusion: Engagement with key stakeholders to identify CPD priorities can help facilitate strategic planning and provision of relevant and accessible CPD programmes for nurses working within remote and rural health care contexts in India.
