The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investig...The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) in human scalp hair obtained from subjects living in Forsyth County, North Carolina, USA. The influence of age, sex, race, and smoking habits on the levels of trace elements in the hair samples were also investigated. Additionally, analyses were subjected to a statistical, regression, and principal component analysis to evaluate inter-elemental association and possible pattern recognition in hair samples. Furthermore, Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios, which are often used to evaluate the degree of Ca and Cu utilization in humans and as markers for various health related issues including, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic cancer, were calculated. The overall mean concentrations of Fe (25 μg/g), Ca (710 μg/g), Mg (120 μg/g), Zn (190 μg/g), Cu (12 μg/g), and Cr (0.20 μg/g) were found in hair samples. The trace element concentrations varied widely in hair samples as demonstrated by large range of concentrations obtained for each element. However, levels of Cd and Pb elements of <0.030 μg/g were detected in hair sample. In general, the levels of the trace elements in hair samples were poorly correlated. However, significant correlations were found between Ca and Mg (r = 0.840, p = 0.05). The levels of Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr in hair samples and the calculated Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios were found to be largely correlated with age, race, sex, and smoking habits.展开更多
Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rap...Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.展开更多
Aim:Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem of the man,particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant ...Aim:Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem of the man,particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant difference in the levels of Zn and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist between the inflamed and malignantly transformed prostate.Methods:Prostatic fluid levels of Br,Fe,Rb,Sr,and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 24 patients with prostate cancer.Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis.Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions.One was used for cytological study to exclude prostatitis,while the other was intended for trace element analysis.Results:Mean values±standard error of means for concentration(mg/L)of trace element in the prostatic fluid of hyperplastic prostate were:Br 2.32±0.30,Fe 11.5±1.8,Rb 1.70±0.23,Sr 1.41±0.26,and Zn 488±42.The contents of Rb and Zn were significantly lower(approximately 3.2 and 7.7 times,respectively)in fluid of cancerous prostate compared with those in fluid of hyperplastic prostate.Conclusion:There are significant differences in trace element contents in the fluid of hyperplastic and malignantly transformed prostate.The great decrease in levels of Rb and Zn in the fluid of cancerous prostate might demonstrate ;an involvement of these trace elements in etiology and pathogenesis of malignant prostate tumors.It was supposed that the differences in Rb and Zn levels in prostatic fluid can be used as tumor markers.展开更多
文摘The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) in human scalp hair obtained from subjects living in Forsyth County, North Carolina, USA. The influence of age, sex, race, and smoking habits on the levels of trace elements in the hair samples were also investigated. Additionally, analyses were subjected to a statistical, regression, and principal component analysis to evaluate inter-elemental association and possible pattern recognition in hair samples. Furthermore, Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios, which are often used to evaluate the degree of Ca and Cu utilization in humans and as markers for various health related issues including, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic cancer, were calculated. The overall mean concentrations of Fe (25 μg/g), Ca (710 μg/g), Mg (120 μg/g), Zn (190 μg/g), Cu (12 μg/g), and Cr (0.20 μg/g) were found in hair samples. The trace element concentrations varied widely in hair samples as demonstrated by large range of concentrations obtained for each element. However, levels of Cd and Pb elements of <0.030 μg/g were detected in hair sample. In general, the levels of the trace elements in hair samples were poorly correlated. However, significant correlations were found between Ca and Mg (r = 0.840, p = 0.05). The levels of Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr in hair samples and the calculated Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios were found to be largely correlated with age, race, sex, and smoking habits.
文摘Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.
文摘Aim:Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem of the man,particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant difference in the levels of Zn and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist between the inflamed and malignantly transformed prostate.Methods:Prostatic fluid levels of Br,Fe,Rb,Sr,and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 24 patients with prostate cancer.Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis.Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions.One was used for cytological study to exclude prostatitis,while the other was intended for trace element analysis.Results:Mean values±standard error of means for concentration(mg/L)of trace element in the prostatic fluid of hyperplastic prostate were:Br 2.32±0.30,Fe 11.5±1.8,Rb 1.70±0.23,Sr 1.41±0.26,and Zn 488±42.The contents of Rb and Zn were significantly lower(approximately 3.2 and 7.7 times,respectively)in fluid of cancerous prostate compared with those in fluid of hyperplastic prostate.Conclusion:There are significant differences in trace element contents in the fluid of hyperplastic and malignantly transformed prostate.The great decrease in levels of Rb and Zn in the fluid of cancerous prostate might demonstrate ;an involvement of these trace elements in etiology and pathogenesis of malignant prostate tumors.It was supposed that the differences in Rb and Zn levels in prostatic fluid can be used as tumor markers.
