Time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline(BL10U1)at SSRF

The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.

Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

Variability in Fluoroscopic Time during Interventional Non-Cardiac Procedures Performed Outside of the Radiology Department

Purpose: Increasing physician awareness of patient exposure to radiation is an important step towards the reduction of potentially harmful effects of radiation. Published studies demonstrated that providing physicians with feedback regarding their fluoroscopy time leads to a reduction in average fluoroscopy times. The aim of this work was to analyze and publish our medical center data observed during the past year;fluoroscopy time (FT), Dose Area Product (DAP) and cumulative dose (CD) were monitored for radiation protection purposes. Methods: Fluoroscopy time is one of multiple radiation dose indices used in radiation safety auditing. Such auditing is nowadays turning into requirement of patient care safety and quality improvement;as indicated by accreditation bodies both nationally and internationally. All non-cardiac procedures performed outside radiology department by surgeons and interventionists are viewed. FT, DAP and CD are extracted for analysis. Results: a total of 846 cases were studied (643 orthopedic, 99 others, 73 urology, 17 chest, 7 vascular and 4 ERCP cases). Mean FT was 1.3 minutes, mean CD to the patient was 12.98 mGy and the mean DAP was 4.53 Gy/cm2. The longest FT noted was 55 min. The maximum CD was 904 mGy and the maximum DAP was 689 Gy/cm2. Using spearman’s correlation test we found out that there is a significant correlation between FT and DAP (correlation coefficient = 0.615, p. value 0.001). There is a significant correlation between FT and CD (correlation coefficient = 0.628, p. value 0.001). Conclusion: Information about FT that used in each procedure can be used as a tool for patient dose optimization. As we found a significant correlation between DAP as well as CD. Reducing fluoroscopic time (FT) is a radiation protection goal, since it serves the purpose of protection for both the patient and the workers.

Intentionally unilateral prostatic artery embolization:Patient selection,technique and potential benefits

BACKGROUND Prostatic artery embolization(PAE)is a promising but also technically demanding interventional radiologic treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.Many technical challenges in PAE are associated with the complex anatomy of prostatic arteries(PAs)and with the systematic attempts to catheterize the PAs of both pelvic sides.Long procedure times and high radiation doses are often the result of these attempts and are considered significant disadvantages of PAE.The authors hypothesized that,in selected patients,these disadvantages could be mitigated by intentionally embolizing PAs of only one pelvic side.AIM To describe the authors’approach for intentionally unilateral PAE(IU-PAE)and its potential benefits.METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study of patients treated with IU-PAE during a period of 2 years.IU-PAE was applied in patients with opacification of more than half of the contralateral prostatic lobe after angiography of the ipsilateral PA(subgroup A),or with markedly asymmetric prostatic enlargement,with the dominant prostatic lobe occupying at least two thirds of the entire gland(subgroup B).All patients treated with IU-PAE also fulfilled at least one of the following criteria:Severe tortuosity or severe atheromatosis of the pelvic arteries,non-visualization,or visualization of a tiny(<1 mm)contralateral PA on preprocedural computed tomographic angiography.Intraprocedural contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(iCEUS)was applied to monitor prostatic infarction.IU-PAE patients were compared to a control group treated with bilateral PAE.RESULTS IU-PAE was performed in a total 13 patients(subgroup A,n=7;subgroup B,n=6).Dose-area product,fluoroscopy time and operation time in the IU-PAE group(9767.8μGy∙m^(2),30.3 minutes,64.0 minutes,respectively)were significantly shorter(45.4%,35.9%,45.8%respectively,P<0.01)compared to the control group.Clinical and imaging outcomes did not differ significantly between the IU-PAE group and the control group.In the 2 clinical failures of IU-PAE(both in subgroup A),the extent of prostatic infarction(demonstrated by iCEUS)was significantly smaller compared to the rest of the IU-PAE group.CONCLUSION In selected patients,IU-PAE is associated with comparable outcomes,but with lower radiation exposure and a shorter procedure compared to bilateral PAE.iCEUS could facilitate patient selection for IU-PAE.

Readout electronics for a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector

The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.

Correcting for non-compliance when determining colonic transit time with radio-opaque markers

The use of radio-opaque markers and abdominal X-ray is the standard method for determining colonic transit time(CTT). However, when there are deviations in the intake of these markers by participants in clinical trials it is desirable to improve observations by introducingcorrections, where possible. To date, there is no standard procedure to adjust for such deviations. This report proposes a series of alternatives based on possible scenarios for deviations from the intended intake of radio-opaque markers. The proposed method to correct for missed or delayed consumption of radioopaque markers can help to increase the accuracy of the CTT measurements in clinical trials.

机器人辅助髓芯减压植骨治疗ARCOⅡ期股骨头坏死

背景:髓芯减压植骨是ARCOⅡ期股骨头坏死的主要保髋术式之一,但传统手术方式存在透视时间长、出血量大等缺点。目的:分析机器人辅助下进行髓芯减压植骨术治疗ARCOⅡ期股骨头坏死的临床治疗特点,为股骨头坏死保髋治疗提供新思路。方法:回顾性分析2017年6月到2019年12月于西安交通大学附属红会医院骨坏死与关节重建科因股骨头坏死行髓芯减压植骨治疗的100例患者资料,其中骨科机器人导航辅助下髓芯减压植骨患者50例,男性36例,女性14例,年龄30-74(47.52±12.50)岁,设为机器人导航组;常规髓芯减压植骨患者50例,男性37例,女性13例,年龄28-77(50.68±13.60)岁,设为常规手术组;所有手术均为同一名术者操作完成。记录两组患者术前、末次随访Harris评分、术后目测类比疼痛评分、股骨头塌陷情况、术中各操作透视次数、术中出血量和手术时间。结果与结论:①所有患者获得随访,随访时间为20-38(28.53±0.50)个月;②机器人导航组患者术中X射线透视总次数、导针置入透视次数、植骨操作透视次数、植骨通道确定时间、手术时间分别为(13.84±1.52)次、(5.64±1.14)次、(8.20±1.70)次、(20.39±1.46)min和(39.37±1.96)min,均少于常规手术组上述各项指标的相应值[(18.94±1.32)次、(8.64±1.27)次、(10.30±1.79)次、(41.57±1.63)min和(62.53±3.44)min,均P<0.05];③两组在末次Harris评分、术后目测类比疼痛评分、股骨头塌陷情况和术中出血量之间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④结果说明,骨科机器人导航辅助下进行髓芯减压植骨治疗ARCOⅡ期股骨头坏死可明显提高髓芯减压植骨操作的精准度,减少术中透视次数,缩短手术时间,降低术后并发症出现的概率。

Fast and Low Cost X-Ray Stereoradiography Displayed on a 3D Monitor

Conventional x-ray stereoradiography based on film radiography is not practical due to its inconvenient and time-consuming procedures. In this research, an image viewing system consisted of a 30 cm × 30 cm gadolinium oxy-sulfide (GOS) fluorescent screen and a Cannon 500D digital camera were designed and constructed for real-time and near real-time x-ray imaging. The camera was connected to a laptop computer via USB port to allow remote camera setting and control as well as view image on the computer. The system was tested with x-rays generated from a Rigaku x-ray tube for its response at various camera settings and exposure times. The image brightness increased with increasing of the camera ISO setting and with the exposure time as expected. To test the system performance, two test specimens were radiographed including a video camera and a floppy disk drive as well as two simulated specimens. Each of the test specimens was also radiographed at two positions by moving the specimens approximately 6 cm from the first position. The two radiographs of each specimen were then combined to make an anaglyph image that could be viewed in 3D on a normal LCD or LED monitor by using appropriate color glasses. When the two radiographs were combined to make MPO (multiple object) file format, it could be viewed in 3D on a 3D monitor with or without 3D glasses depending on type of the monitor. The developed system could be conveniently employed for routine inspection of a specimen both in 2D and 3D within a minute.

2-15 Thermonuclear Reaction Rates in rp Process of 64Ge(p,γ)65As and 65As(p,γ)66Se for Type-I X-ray Bursts

We have derived new thermonuclear 64Ge(p, )65As and 65As(p, )66Se reaction rates based on recently evaluatedproton separation energies[1] and large-scale shell model (LSSM) calculation. The precisely measured or evaluatedproton separation energies of Sp(65As) and Sp(66Se), are (90±85) keV and (1720±310) keV, respectively. Weutilized one-zone post-processing type I X-ray burst model[2] to investigate the astrophysical impact of our newrates. We found that the new experimental Sp(65As), resonant energies and spectroscopic factors estimated fromLSSM significantly affects the productions of nuclide in the range of 64≤A≤110 about one to ten times comparedto currently available JINA data sets, REACLIB[3].

In-Orbit Calibration and Data Analysis of China＇s First Grazing Incidence Focusing X-Ray Pulsar Telescope

The grazing incidence focusing X-ray pulsar telescope(iFXPT), as the main payload of the X-ray Pulsar Navigation Test Satellite(XPNAV-1), will have great significance on China's space scientific exploration and X-ray pulsar navigation. With PSR B0531+21(Crab Pulsar) as the observation target, the pulsar profile has been recovered based on the data obtained by iFXPT, realizing the main objective of "observing" PSR B0531+21 for the first time in China. This payload mainly consists of the Wolter-I X-ray optics, silicon drift detector, magnetic deflector, electronics, high-energy particle shield and high-stability structures. Currently, the iFXPT, with its good in-orbit performance, has obtained a considerable observation data. The effective area, sensitivity and energy response have been calibrated both on ground and in-orbit, demonstrating a high degree of consistency. Meanwhile, the in-orbit observation data and information for pulsar navigation has also been analyzed simultaneously. As a result, the feasibility of the exploration scheme and the performance of the telescope have been fully validated.

机器人辅助与徒手椎弓根螺钉置入在脊柱疾病应用效果的meta分析

目的 比较机器人辅助与徒手置钉两种不同椎弓根螺钉置入方式在脊柱手术中的临床效果,为未来脊柱外科发展方向提供一定理论参考。方法 检索2011年2月至2021年2月发表的相关病例对照研究。检索包括Pubmed、Cochrane Library、CNKI、Embase、WF、VIP在内的6个数据库。依据中英文检索策略,共检索到文献418篇,根据条件进一步筛选后最终纳入13篇文献。提取本文所需数据并使用Review manager 5.3软件进行分析。结果 机器人辅助下置钉较徒手透视引导下置钉准确度较高(95%CI=2.19~3.61,P<0.01);机器人辅助下与透视引导下置钉手术所需时间相当(95%CI=-0.18~33.96,P=0.05),其余指标均差异无明显统计学意义。结论 机器人辅助下较传统徒手置钉准确度更高,是当下治疗脊柱疾病的更安全精准的选择,且机器人术中所需时间、辐射强度及时间呈现下降趋势,在未来脊柱外科的手术中将起重要作用。

不同入路方式对单节段LDH患者手术疗效的影响

目的探讨不同入路方式对单节段腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者手术疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2021年7月—2023年6月贵航贵阳医院收治的90例单节段LDH患者的临床资料,根据入路方式将患者分为A组(后路椎板间入路,n=45)与B组(侧后方椎间孔入路,n=45)。比较两组患者的手术疗效,以及术后恢复情况。结果A组治疗优良率为93.33%,低于B组的95.56%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.212,P=0.645)。A组手术时间短于B组,C形臂X射线机照射次数少于B组,卧床时间稍长于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组腰椎功能及疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单节段LDH患者行椎间孔镜手术治疗期间,不同入路方式不会显著影响患者腰椎功能的恢复效果以及疼痛改善情况,但椎板间入路的手术时间较短,术中透视次数相对较少,应根据患者临床条件,合理选择入路方式。

X线透视联合超声引导行经皮肝穿胆道引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸的临床应用

目的分析X线透视联合超声实时引导下经皮肝穿胆道引流术(PTBD)治疗阻塞性黄疸的操作技术及其应用价值。方法 78例阻塞性黄疸患者,其中70例为恶性阻塞性病变,8例为良性阻塞性病变,在超声实时引导结合X线透视下行PTBD术,穿刺右叶胆管52例,穿刺左叶胆管26例,并常规造影。结果所有患者手术均获得成功,未出现大出血及胆汁性腹膜炎等并发症,术后梗阻性黄疸症状逐渐改善,术后1～2周血清胆红素及转氨酶水平较术前明显下降(P<0.01)。结论 X线透视结合超声实时引导下PTBD是一种治疗阻塞性黄疸的有效方法,具有安全、简便、经济、并发症少的优点。

冠状动脉造影中汉族人群体重指数与剂量面积乘积和透视时间相关性研究

目的研究汉族受检人群体重指数（BMI）与冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查辐射剂量面积乘积（DAP）值、透视时间相关性，早期判断和降低高辐射风险。方法回顾性分析451例汉族人群CAG患者资料，男276例，年龄32-87岁；女175例，年龄42—84岁；BMI值17．30～35．42kg／m^2。根据BMI值分为4组，A组25例（BMI〈20kg／m^2），B组204例（BMI20～24．9kg／m^2），C组192例（BMI25～29．9kg／m^2），D组30例（BMI〉30kg／m^2）。计算各组DAP和透视时间均值，采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验多重比较各组BMI患者DAP值，单因素方差分析或LSD-t检验比较各组BMI患者透视时间。结果DAP均值在A组为（1070．07±541．33）μGy／m^2，B组为（1326．82±606．91）μGy／m^2，C组为（1937．99±1030．31）μGy／m^2．D组为（2654．53±1296．69）μGy／m^2；透视时间均值在A组为（3．53±2．08）min，B组为（2．70±1．80）min，C组为（2．75±1．88）min，D组为（2．71±1．69）min。组间比较，除A组与B组间DAP值差异无统计学意义（P=0．232），余各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；A组与其它各组间透视时间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），余各组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论成年汉族受检人群CAG手术中DAP值随BMI增高而增加，透视时间在BMI〈20kg／m^2时明显延长。介入手术中不仅要了解BMI增高造成DAP值增加．更需特别关注BMI〈20kg／m^2时手术难度提高所致透视时间延长造成的DAP值增加。

数字减影血管造影低剂量技术在儿童介入诊疗中的应用

目的:通过对儿童心血管介入诊疗中X射线辐射剂量的统计与分析,探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)低剂量技术在儿童辐射防护中的应用。方法:回顾性分析收治的18岁以下300例患者,3种常见的儿童介入操作的近两年的患者辐射水平与两年前相同操作患者辐射水平的技术分析。其中,房间隔缺损封堵术患者60例,室间隔缺损封堵术患者90例,动脉导管未闭封堵术患者150例。采用DSA机自动调节曝光条件,对入射有效剂量(ED)、剂量面积乘积(DAP)以及透视时间(F)进行测定。结果:两组结果在透视时间、入射ED存在显著性差异。近两年的统计数据显示患儿所受到的辐射剂量明显减少,入射ED与透视时间两者之间存在显著线性关系。不同心血管介入操作的DAP存在显著性差异,室间隔缺损封堵术的DAP仍较大。结论:低剂量技术有效减少了儿童辐射剂量,值得推广。

EnSite NavX标测指导下与常规X线透视下射频消融房室结折返性心动过速的比较

目的探讨EnSite NavX标测指导下房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)射频消融术的可行性和安全性。方法 124例阵发性室上性心动过速的患者接受射频消融术被随机分为采用EnSite NavX系统标测指导组和常规透视组(X线)。结果 65例为AVNRT,其中标测指导组32例,常规透视组33例。所有手术均获得即刻的成功,无手术并发症。与常规透视组比较,标测指导组手术时间长(64.6±12.7 min vs 37.5±13.6 min,P<0.01);而X线透视时间少(27.62±31.5 s vs 324.2±108.3 s,P<0.01),其中有21例(65.6%)未接受X线透视。平均随访6个月均无心动过速复发。结论 EnSite NavX标测指导下AVNRT射频消融安全有效,且显著减少了X线透视时间。

三维标测系统在射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速中的研究现状

三维标测系统作为一种新型标测手段,因其独特的有效性和准确性,已被广泛应用于复杂性心律失常的射频消融治疗中。随着对三维标测系统的进一步认识和熟练掌握三维标测技术,其在导管消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速中的优势逐渐显露,现有研究显示三维标测系统引导下结合短暂X射线透视,可明显减少阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融术中X射线透视时间和曝光剂量,具有同样高的成功率,三维标测系统在阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融中展示出的安全性及有效性,使快速性心律失常的射频消融治疗进入了一个新时代。

无透视下二维联合三维超声心动图引导起搏器植入的应用

目的探讨无透视下二维联合实时三维超声心动图引导永久起搏器植入的可行性和操作方法.方法14例起搏器植入患者,全程经二维联合实时三维超声引导永久起搏器植入,包括引导钢丝和起搏电极的走行,起搏电极位置定位,监测手术的安全性.结果14例手术顺利完成,起搏电极全部达到预期目标,成功率100%,手术平均时间52min,无1例发生心包积液及心内结构损伤.起搏器电极的放置可全程由超声监测,超声监视下引导钢丝和起搏电极呈强回声,电极顶端呈特征性"J"形强回声.三维超声更充分显示整段引导钢丝和起搏电极及其在心腔内缠绕、打结.结论起搏器植入患者经二维联合实时三维超声心动图引导永久起搏器植入是可行的,可免除X线辐射,有较好的应用前景.

冠状血管造影术患者辐射剂量及相关影响因素的分析

目的评价冠状血管造影术(CAG)患者的辐射剂量及其影响因素。方法对190例接受CAG检查的患者进行回顾性分析,使用剂量转换因数计算患者的有效剂量(ED),并分析患者体质量指数(BMI)、穿刺入路、透视时间、采集帧数及血管病变与患者ED的相关性。结果患者的平均累计剂量(DOSE)为400.54mGy,平均总剂量面积乘积(DAP)为28.26Gy.cm2,平均ED为5.23mSv。透视时间、BMI及采集帧数的回归系数分别为0.757、0.442、0.012,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肥胖、透视时间长和高采集帧数为CAG检查中的辐射剂量增加重要因素,熟练的术者及采用降低采集帧数的新技术,可有效降低辐射剂量。

On time transfer in X-ray pulsar navigation

X-ray pulsar navigation(XPNAV) is a new approach for spacecraft autonomous navigation.The system gets position information utilizing accurate timing methods.Among the timing models,the high-order relativistic effects on the propagated signal must be incorporated to attain precise timing.The time transfer model is provided in detail here in two parts:the time frame transformation and the relativistic effects.