Post-traumatic heterotopic ossification in front of the ankle joint for 23 years:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification(HO)refers to the formation of new bone in non-skeletal tissues such as muscles,tendons or other soft tissues.Severe muscle and soft tissue injury often lead to the formation of HO.However,anterior HO of the ankle is rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with massive HO in front of the ankle joint for 23 years.In 1998,the patient was injured by a falling object on the right lower extremity,which gradually formed a massive heterotopic bone change in the right calf and dorsum of the foot.The patient did not develop gradual ankle function limitations until nearly 36 mo ago,and underwent resection of HO.Even after 23 years and resection of HO,the ankle joint was still able to move.CONCLUSION It is recommended that the orthopedist should be aware of HO and distinguish it from bone tumor.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE PLUS POINT-PENETRATION FOR CHRONIC ANKLE JOINT SPRAIN

Objective: To observe clinical therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture plus point-penetration for chronic ankle joint sprain. Methods: 76 patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=43) and control group (n=33).In teatment group, penetration needling from Qiuxu (丘墟 GB 40) to Zhaohai (照海 KI 6) was performed, combined with electrical stimulation for 30 min. Patients of control group were ordered to take Antinfan (50 mg,b.i.d.),supplemented with local external application of Votalin cream (b.i.d.).After 14 treatments (two courses), the therapeutic effect was assessed. Results: Following two courses of treatment, of the 43 cases and 33 cases in treatment and control groups,33 (76.7%) and 15 (45.5%) were cured, 4 (9.3%) and 7 (21.2%) had marked improvement in their symptoms, 3 (7.0%) and 2 (6.1%) had improvement, and 3 (7.0%) and 9(27.3%) failed, with the effective rates being 93.0% and 72.7% respectively. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Penetrative needling plus EA is significantly superior to medication in relieving chronic ankle spain patient’s clinical symptoms and signs.

Application Effect of Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Adolescent Ankle Sports Injuries

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation in treating adolescent ankle sports injuries.Methods:From December 2020 to December 2022,adolescent patients with ankle joint sports injuries admitted to our hospital were selected as observation objects,and 67 patients were divided into a control group(n=33,routine rehabilitation treatment)and an experimental group(n=34,traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation treatment)according to the computer grouping method.Compare the treatment results.Results:(i)The treatment received in the experimental group had an efficacy of 94.11%,which was higher than that of the control group(75.75%),and statistical significance was established(P<0.05).(ii)Before treatment,there was no difference in ankle joint pain,ankle joint activity,and ankle joint function scores between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the ankle joint pain,ankle joint activity,and ankle joint function scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(iii)The experimental group had higher scores on physiological function,physiological function,physical pain,general health status,energy,social function,emotional function,and mental health compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation is effective in treating ankle injuries caused by sports in adolescents and improve their quality of life.Therefore,it should be popularized.

RESEARCH ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE JOINT AFTER PARTIAL FIBULAECTOMY

patients undergoing upper-medial partial fibulaectomy were followed up for 1￣ 8 years.Clinical functions of bilateral ankle joints and plantor arches were evaluated and X-ray examination was carried out in these patients.Moving range and myodynamia of active muscle in bilateral ankle joints were evaluated by ankle joint function-evaluating instrument designed by the authors themselves and compared.The data from the examination demonstrated that partial fibulaectomy on the upper and middle part had no influence on the function of ankle joint.The authors suggest that it would be an applicable approach to take fibula as donor.

The Human Ankle-Foot Complex as a Multi-Configurable Mechanism during the Stance Phase of Walking

The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanical functions of the human ankle-toot complex during the stancephase of walking. The three-dimensional (3D) gait measurement was conducted by using a 3D infrared multi-camera system anda force plate array to record the Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) and segmental motions simultaneously. The ankle-foot complexwas modelled as a four-segment system, connected by three joints: talocrural joint, sub-talar joint and metatarsophalangeal joint.The subject-specific joint orientations and locations were determined using a functional joint method based on the particleswarm optimisation algorithm. The GRF moment arms and joint moments acting around the talocrural and sub-talar joints werecalculated over the entire stance phase. The estimated talocrural and sub-talar joint locations show noticeable obliquity. Thekinematic and kinetic results strongly suggest that the human ankle-foot complex works as a mechanical mechanism with twodifferent configurations in stance phase of walking. These lead to a significant decrease in the GRF moment arms therebyincreasing the effective mechanical advantages of the ankle plantarflexor muscles. This reconfigurable mechanism enhancesmuscle effectiveness during locomotion by modulating the gear ratio of the ankle plantarflexor muscles in stance. This studyalso reveals many factors may contribute to the locomotor function of the human ankle-foot complex, which include not only itsre-configurable structure, but also its obliquely arranged joints, the characteristic heel-to-toe Centre of Pressure (COP) motionand also the medially acting GRF pattern. Although the human ankle-foot structure is immensely complex, it seems that itsconfiguration and each constitutive component are well tuned to maximise locomotor efficiency and also to minimise risk ofinjury. This result would advance our understanding of the locomotor function of the ankle-foot complex, and also the intrinsicdesign of the ankle-foot musculoskeletal structure. Moreover, this may also provide implications for the design of bionicprosthetic devices and the development of humanoid robots.

Chronic ankle instability is associated with proprioception deficits:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Acute ankle injury causes damage to joint mechanoreceptors and deafferentation and contributes to proprioception deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).We aimed to explore whether deficits of proprioception,including kinesthesia and joint position sense(JPS),exist in patients with CAI when compared with the uninjured contralateral side and healthy people.We hypothesized that proprioception deficits did exist in patients with CAI and that the deficits varied by test methodologies.Methods:The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis.We identified studies that compared kinesthesia or JPS in patients with CAI with the uninjured contralateral side or with healthy controls.Meta-analyses were conducted for the studies with similar test procedures,and narrative syntheses were undertaken for the rest.Results:A total of 7731 studies were identified,of which 30 were included for review.A total of 21 studies were eligible for meta-analysis.Compared with the contralateral side,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and plantarflexion,with a standardized mean difference(SMD)of 0.41 and 0.92,respectively,and active and passive JPS deficits in inversion(SMD=0.92 and 0.72,respectively).Compared with healthy people,patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=0.64 and 0.76,respectively),and active JPS deficits in inversion and eversion(SMD=1.00 and 4.82,respectively).Proprioception deficits in the knee and shoulder of patients with CAI were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Proprioception,including both kinesthesia and JPS,of the injured ankle of patients with CAI was impaired,compared with the uninjured contralateral limbs and healthy people.Proprioception varied depending on different movement directions and test methodologies.The use of more detailed measurements of proprioception and interventions for restoring the deficits are recommended in the clinical management of CAI.

Acute syndesmotic injuries in ankle fractures:From diagnosis to treatment and current concepts

A stable and precise articulation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis maintains the tibiofibular relationship,and it is essential for normal motion of the ankle joint.The disruption of this joint is frequently accompanied by rotational ankle fracture,such as pronation-external rotation,and rarely occurs without ankle fracture.The diagnosis is not simple,and ideal management of the various presentations of syndesmotic injury remains controversial to this day.Anatomical restoration and stabilization of the disrupted tibiofibular syndesmosis is essential to improve functional outcomes.In such an injury,including inadequately treated,misdiagnosed and correctly diagnosed cases,a chronic pattern characterized by persistent ankle pain,function disability and early osteoarthritis can result.This paper reviews anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of this syndesmosis,the mechanism of its acute injury associated to fractures,radiological and arthroscopic diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy controls.Methods:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants volunteered.Active motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing task.Results:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with CAI.Further research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

Distraction arthroplasty in osteoarthritis of the foot and ankle

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)is a complex and painful problem in the foot and ankle.Ninety percent of osteoarthritis cases in the foot and ankle can be classified as post-traumatic.PTOA can affect any of the 33 joints in the foot and the ankle.Distraction arthroplasty is a method for treatment of early arthritic joints without fusing or replacing them and its effectiveness has been well documented.The purpose of this case series is to present our successful experiences and positive results using distraction arthroplasty to treat PTOA in the ankle,subtalar,first metatarsophalangeal,and second tarsometatarsal joints,and to present distraction arthroplasty as a viable alternative to invasive joint sacrificing procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty.Distraction Arthroplasty effectively and safely treats PTOA and improves the stability of joints in the Foot and Ankle.Additionally,the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate as an adjuvant can improve the long-term functional and structural outcomes of the joint,and can prolong the need for further,more aggressive surgical interventions such as fusion or arthroplasty.

Observation on clinical application effect of ankle rehabilitation robot

Objective:The effect of ankle rehabilitation robot on joint movement of hemiplegic patients was studied and quantitatively evaluated.Methods 90 hemiplegic patients with lower limb dysfunction treated in our hospital from April 2017 to March 2019 were selected as subjects.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n=45)and observation group(n=45).The patients in the two groups received language training,physiotherapy,exercise therapy,spa,occupational therapy,massage and other comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,on the basis of which the observation group received the auxiliary intervention of ankle rehabilitation robot.The soft tissue compliance of the patients was evaluated by ankle metatarsal flexion moment before and after treatment,the metatarsal flexor tension was evaluated by modified Tardieu scale,and the clinical effect was evaluated by ankle active ankle dorsiflexion.Results After treatment,the ankle flexion angles(0°,10°,20°,30°)in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Results compared with before treatment,the ankle flexion angles(0°,10°,20°,30°)in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the angle of R1 and R2 measured by modified Tardieu scale of ankle plantar flexor group increased significantly,and the difference of R2-R1 decreased significantly(P<0.05).The improvement degree of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the active ankle extension activity of the two groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the observation group(P<0.05).Conclusion Auxiliary intervention with ankle rehabilitation robot system can effectively improve the compliance of ankle soft tissue in spastic hemiplegia,reduce the contracture of metatarsal flexor muscle and improve the disturbance of joint movement in a short time.At the same time,the degree of coordination and acceptance of patients and their families is high,which is an effective means to improve the therapeutic effect.

Application of X-ray digital tomosynthesis in knee joint trauma examination

Objective: To explore the clinical value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis(DTS)in the diagnosis of knee joint fractures. Methods: A total of 28 cases of thoracic trauma, X-ray film cannot be clearly diagnosed or can confirm the diagnosis but the need for further identification of forensic diagnosis of cases of DTS scan and three-dimensional reconstruction in order to control the study. Results: 1. The reconstructed images after DTS scanning showed that the knee joint fractures were clearly diagnosed, and the detection rate of 28 knee joint fractures was 92.86%. 2. DTS scanning could clearly detect the fresh knee joint fracture's fracture line, corresponding line and broken bones. For the old fracture, DTS scanning could clearly show the condition of the fracture end's healing. Conclusions: The technique is of great value in the diagnosis of knee joint fracture, especially in the examination of complex structure, thick body and review of internal fixation after fracture.

Importance of computed tomography in posterior malleolar fractures:Added information to preoperative X-ray studies

BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common lesions of the lower limbs.Approximately 40%of ankle fractures affect the posterior malleolus(PM).Historically,PM osteosynthesis was recommended when PM size in X-ray images was greater than 25%of the joint.Currently,computed tomography(CT)has been gaining traction in the preoperative evaluation of ankle fractures.AIM To elucidate the similarity in dimensions and to correlate PM size in X-ray images with the articular surface of the affected tibial plafond in the axial view on CT(AXCT)of a PM fracture.METHODS Eighty-one patients(mean age:39.4±13.5 years)were evaluated(54.3%were male).Two independent examiners measured PM size in profile X-ray images(PMXR)and sagittal CT(SAGCT)slices.The correlation of the measurements between the examiners and the difference in the PM fragment sizes between the two images were compared.Next,the PM size in PMXR was compared with the surface of the tibial plafond involved in the fracture in AXCT according to the Haraguchi classification.RESULTS The correlation rates between the examiners were 0.93 and 0.94 for PMXR and SAGCT,respectively(P<0.001).Fragments were 2.12%larger in SAGCT than in PMXR(P=0.018).In PMXR,there were 56 cases<25%and 25 cases≥25%.When PMXR was<25%,AXCT corresponded to 10.13%of the tibial plafond.When PMXR was≥25%,AXCT was 24.52%(P<0.001).According to the Haraguchi classification,fracture types I and II had similar PMXR measurements that were greater than those of type III.When analyzing AXCT,a significant difference was found between the three types,with II>I>III(P<0.001).CONCLUSION PM fractures show different sizes using X-ray or CT images.CT showed a larger PM in the sagittal plane and allowed the visualization of the real dimensions of the tibial plafond surface.

全膝关节置换中BrainlabKnee3导航辅助间隙平衡技术的应用优势

背景:近年来,计算机导航技术辅助关节置换逐渐受到医疗领域的关注。文献报道计算机导航在全膝关节置换中的应用临床效果不一。为了探索新一代Brainlab Knee 3导航系统的临床效果,进行了此项研究。目的:分析计算机导航系统(Brainlab Knee 3)结合间隙平衡技术在全膝关节置换中的应用效果。方法:2020年11月至2021年5月大连市第二人民医院关节外科收治71例行全膝关节置换患者,导航组35例,术中采用计算机导航结合间隙平衡技术行全膝关节置换;传统组36例,术中采用传统手术器械定位截骨。比较两组患者术中内、外侧关节间隙差;膝关节活动度、KSS评分;髋膝踝角;冠状面股骨组件角、冠状面胫骨组件角和矢状面胫骨组件角偏差值。结果与结论:①导航组伸直位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为19,14,2例;屈膝90°位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为18,15,2例。传统组伸直位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为10,20,6例;屈膝90°位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为10,15,8例。②导航组手术时间长于传统组(P<0.05),导航组有2例患者术后形成下肢肌间静脉血栓,传统组患者均无并发症。③置换后6,12个月两组患者膝关节活动度均明显增加,导航组膝关节活动度高于传统组(P<0.05)。④置换后12个月两组患者KSS评分均明显增加,导航组KSS评分高于传统组(P<0.05)。⑤置换后6个月髋膝踝角、冠状面股骨组件角、冠状面胫骨组件角、矢状面胫骨组件角偏差值均显著小于传统组(P<0.05)。⑥结果表明,采用计算机导航结合间隙平衡技术辅助全膝关节置换对关节活动度、下肢力线、胫骨假体组件位置的准确性方面具有优势,置换后关节功能恢复良好。

带线锚钉修补踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效

目的探究带线锚钉(SA)修补联合切开复位内固定术(ORIF)对踝关节骨折(AF)合并三角韧带损伤(DLI)患者的疗效。方法选择2020年1月至2022年9月我院收治的138例AF合并DLI患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(69例)和观察组(69例)。对照组患者采用ORIF治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上进行SA修补治疗。比较2组患者的临床疗效,治疗前及治疗后3个月的美国矫形足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、距骨倾斜角、患侧内踝间隙、骨代谢指标[血清骨钙素(BGP)、β胶原降解产物(β-CTX)]水平及并发症的发生率。结果观察组患者的总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后3个月的距骨倾斜角、患侧内踝间隙、VAS评分、β-CTX水平减小/降低,AOFAS评分、BGP水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后AOFAS评分、BGP水平高于对照组,距骨倾斜角、患侧内踝间隙小于对照组,VAS评分、β-CTX水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SA修补对AF合并DLI患者的治疗效果确切,可改善患者症状,促进踝关节功能及骨代谢恢复。

踝关节软骨损伤3D-MRI研究进展

踝关节软骨损伤易致剧烈疼痛而使关节活动受限,早期诊断非常重要。3D-MRI用于诊断踝关节软骨损伤具有较好效能。本文针对3D-MRI诊断踝关节软骨损伤研究进展进行综述。

不同类型贴布对慢性踝关节不稳患者行走时踝关节运动学的影响

背景:慢性踝关节不稳患者行走时倾向于过度足内翻,这将增加步行周期支撑相踝关节扭伤的风险。临床医生常使用肌内效贴布或运动贴布进行踝关节贴扎。由于肌内效贴布具有弹性,而运动贴布无法拉伸,因此两者技术应用和生理机制存在差异,进而可能产生不同的康复疗效。目的:对比肌内效贴布和运动贴布干预对慢性踝关节不稳患者步行支撑相足额状面和胫骨水平面运动的影响。方法:40名慢性踝关节不稳患者随机分为肌内效贴布组和运动贴布组,肌内效贴布组从后足内侧向外侧粘贴2条贴布,以产生外翻拉力;运动贴布组采用踝关节闭锁式编篮贴扎。分别于贴扎前后在电动跑台上进行行走测试,利用三维运动分析系统获取受试者足部和胫骨运动学参数。结果与结论:肌内效贴布组贴扎后于支撑相早期足外翻角度增加(P<0.05),但对支撑相晚期足的位置无影响(P>0.05);运动贴布组贴扎后于支撑相晚期胫骨内旋增加(P<0.05),而支撑相早期胫骨位置无明显改变(P>0.05)。结果表明:与运动贴布相比,肌内效贴布能够提供灵活的拉力,有利于步态周期中支撑相早期足外翻,同时不限制支撑相晚期的正常足内翻。因此,肌内效贴布可能是慢性踝关节不稳患者的实用康复疗法,在纠正踝关节异常运动的同时不限制其自然运动。

改良踝关节后外侧入路联合内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗三踝骨折的临床效果

目的:探讨改良踝关节后外侧入路联合内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗三踝骨折的临床效果。方法:选取2020年2月—2021年12月麻城市人民医院收治的三踝骨折患者72例作为研究对象,采用双盲法分为对照组和试验组,各36例。两组患者均行切开复位内固定术治疗,对照组采用常规踝关节后外侧入路联合内侧入路,试验组采用改良踝关节后外侧入路联合内侧入路。比较两组治疗效果。结果:试验组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。治疗前,两组踝关节背伸、跖屈、外翻、内翻活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后6个月,两组踝关节背伸、跖屈、外翻、内翻活动度均大于治疗前,且试验组大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组美国矫形足踝学会(AOFAS)踝-后足指数评分量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后6个月,两组AOFAS踝-后足指数评分量表评分高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:改良踝关节后外侧入路联合内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗三踝骨折的临床效果显著,能改善踝关节活动度与功能,减少并发症。

iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断中的应用价值

目的研究iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2022年3月至2023年10月期间确诊的106例LEASO患者作为本研究的LEASO组,以一般资料与LEASO组匹配且无动脉病变的80例志愿者作为对照组。两组受试者均进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)并采用iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术检测股骨头区域和踝关节区域达峰时间(TTP)、计算踝关节区域与股骨头区域TTP的差值,测量踝肱指数(ABI)。结果两组研究对象年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、股骨头区域TTP的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LEASO组踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LEASO组中不同Rutherford分类患者股骨头区域TTP的比较以及左侧病变患者与右侧病变患者股骨头区域TTP、踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Rutherford分类越高,踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值越低(P<0.05);经Pearson检验,LEASO患者的踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值与ABI呈负相关(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值对LEASO具有诊断效能;经Delong检验,TTP差值诊断的ROC曲线下面积高于踝关节区域TTP(P<0.05)。结论iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术测定踝关节区TTP及TTP差值是诊断LEASO的量化指标。

关节囊修补联合囊肿切除术治疗踝源性趾腱鞘囊肿的临床疗效

目的观察关节囊修补联合囊肿切除术治疗踝源性趾腱鞘囊肿的临床疗效。方法2020年5月-2022年5月收治的7例趾腱鞘囊肿患者,经踝关节造影术,发现趾腱鞘囊肿为踝关节源性,行趾囊肿切除联合踝关节囊破损修补术。结果7例均获得随访,随访时间17~32个月,平均21.7个月,囊肿未复发。结论关节囊修补联合囊肿切除术治疗踝源性趾腱鞘囊肿临床疗效确切,复发率低,学习曲线短,适宜基层推广。