Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

Research on the Large Precision Instrument Error Correction Model under the Perspectives of Stability and Robustness

In this paper, we conduct research on the large precision instrument error correction model under the perspectives of stability androbustness. It is one of the effective methods to improve the instruments accuracy using error correction technology, but at present, a lot of errorcorrection is limited to the system error modifi cation, only a small number of the instruments to an error in the dynamic error correction timely,device on the instrument precision sensors, apparently complicate the instrument structure. To fully system error correction that will affect theprecision of instrument mainly random error. Instrument is the main task of error correction is to use a certain method to compensate separableinstruments each component part of a deterministic system error, so the key problems of error correction as is the requirement of equipmentstructure stability is good, with this to ensure that the instrument error of the uncertainty, so that the fundamental fl aw. Under this basis, this paperproposes the novel countermeasure of the issues that is innovative.

The CCD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation environments.The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is high.The shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen Belts.Therefore,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and closed.The instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two environments.Due to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two extremes.The results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar maxima.This is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

Prospects of the Hard X-Ray Instrument POLAR to Measure Polarization of Solar Flares

In-depth studies of solar flares emissions and energy releases include analyses of polarization data. Polarization gives clear information about mechanisms and processes leading to electron acceleration and photon production. Despite of many past attempts, the key energy range of hard X-rays was only rarely explored and results were inconclusive. To large extend it was due to greater instrumental complications. Currently several novel polarimeters are either to be employed or under constructions for both balloon and satellite based observations. The novel hard X-ray polarimeter POLAR is an instrument developed by a collaboration between Switzerland, China and Poland. It is primarily designed for high accuracy polarization measurements from the prompt photon emissions of the gamma-ray bursts. The satellite orientation and instrument pointing direction make it also capable for precise measurements of polarization in solar flares. The instrument should fly in near future onboard of the Chinese Space Station TG2.

Study of Secondary Cosmic Rays and Astronomical X-Ray Sources using Small Stratospheric Balloons

The X-ray sources of the universe are extraterrestrial in nature which emit X-ray photons.The closest strong X-ray source is the Sun,which is followed by various compact sources such as neutron stars,black holes,the Crab pulsar,etc.In this paper,we analyze the data received from several low-cost lightweight meteorological balloon-borne missions launched by the Indian Centre for Space Physics.Our main interest is to study the variation of the vertical intensity of secondary cosmic rays,the detection of strong X-ray sources,and their spectra in the energy band of^(1)0–80 keV during the complete flights.Due to the lack of an onboard pointing system,low exposure time,achieving a maximum altitude of only~42 km,and freely rotating the payload about its axis,we modeled the background radiation flux for the X-ray detector using physical assumptions.We also present the source detection method,observation of the pulsation of the Crab(^(3)3 Hz),and spectra of some sources such as the quiet Sun and the Crab pulsar.

Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard the ASO-S mission

Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 200 keV.The imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 s.An engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of design.In this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.

Exploring the Dynamic X-ray Universe:Scientific Opportunities for the Einstein Probe Mission

Time-domain astrophysics will enter a golden era towards the end of this decade with the advent of major facilities across the electromagnetic spectrum and in the multi-messenger realms of gravitational wave and neutrino.In the soft X-ray regime,the novel micro-pore lobster-eye optics provides a promising technology to realise,for the first time,focusing X-ray optics for wide-angle monitors to achieve a good combination of sensitivity and wide field of view.In this context Einstein Probe,a soft X-ray all-sky monitor mission,was proposed and selected as a candidate mission of priority in the space science programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.This paper reviews the most important science developments and key questions in this field towards 2020 and beyond,and how to achieve them technologically.It also introduces the Einstein Probe mission,including its key science goals and mission definition,as well as some of the key technological issues.

Transition edge sensor-based detector:from X-ray to γ-ray

A transition edge sensor(TES)is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature,and combined with a high-Z metal of a certain thickness,it can realize high-energy resolution measurements of particles such as X-rays.X-rays with energies below 10 keV have a weak penetrating ability,hence,only gold or bismuth of a few micrometers in thickness can guarantee a quantum efficiency higher than 70%.Therefore,the entire structure of the TES X-ray detector in this energy range can be realized using a microfabrication process.However,for X-rays or γ-rays from 10 keV to 200 keV,submillimeter absorber layers are required,which cannot be realized using the microfabrication process.This paper first briefly introduces a set of TES X-ray detectors and their auxiliary systems,and then focuses on the introduction of the TES γ-ray detector with an absorber based on a submillimeter lead-tin alloy sphere.The detector achieved a quantum efficiency above 70% near 100 keV and an energy resolution of approximately 161.5 eV at 59.5 keV.

Research on the On-orbit Background of the Hard X-Ray Imager Onboard ASO-S

The space environment background of various particle fluxes of the Hard X-ray Imager(HXI), one of the payloads of the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S) spacecraft, is investigated and presented. Different approaches are used to obtain the input information on various space environment particles(protons, alpha particles, electrons, positrons, neutrons, and photons). Some special regions(SAA and radiation belt) are also taken into account. The findings indicate that electrons are the primary background source in the radiation belt. Due to the large background flux generated by electrons, HXI cannot effectively observe solar flares in the radiation belt.Outside the radiation belt, primary protons and albedo photons are the main sources of background at low and high magnetic latitudes respectively. The statistical analysis of the flare and background spectra shows that the errors of the flare energy spectrum observation are mainly concentrated in the high energy band, and the detector still has a certain spectrum observation capability for flares of C-class and below in the low energy band of the non-radiation belt. The imaging observation of flares of C-class and below is significantly affected by the accuracy of background subtraction. The energy band with the best signal-to-noise ratio is from 10 to 50 ke V, which can be used to monitor the formation and class of flares.

Discrimination of background events in the PolarLight X-ray polarimeter

PolarLight is a space-borne X-ray polarimeter that measures the X-ray polarization via electron tracking in an ionization chamber.It is a collimated instrument and thus suffers from the background on the whole detector plane.The majority of background events are induced by high energy charged particles and show ionization morphologies distinct from those produced by X-rays of interest.Comparing on-source and off-source observations,we find that the two datasets display different distributions on image properties.The boundaries between the source and background distributions are obtained and can be used for background discrimination.Such a means can remove over 70%of the background events measured with PolarLight.This approaches the theoretical upper limit of the background fraction that is removable and justifies its effectiveness.For observations with the Crab nebula,the background contamination decreases from 25%to 8%after discrimination,indicative of a polarimetric sensitivity of around 0.2 Crab for PolarLight.This work also provides insights into future X-ray polarimetric telescopes.

Satisfaction of Patients Examined with Mobile X-Ray vs. X-Ray at the Hospital—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: In the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, mobile X-ray is offered to selected patients when a transfer to the Department of Radiology may be an obstacle. To our knowledge, no studies have examined patient’s satisfaction with mobile X-ray in a randomized controlled trial, but international qualitative and quantitative studies report a high level of patient satisfaction with mobile X-ray. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether patients in aged care facilities who were offered mobile X-ray were more satisfied with the X-ray examination compared to patients examined with X-ray at the Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital. Design: A part of a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Satisfaction was measured using a self-developed questionnaire, containing 13 questions measuring satisfaction from different perspectives. Participants: Due to patient’s fragility, healthcare staff members answered questions concerning satisfaction on behalf of the patients, who had been examined with mobile X-ray (n = 66) or X-ray at the hospital (n = 63). The patients were living in nursing homes and homes for the elderly in Aarhus Municipality. Data: Data were collected and stored using the computer program REDCap. Data were statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Patients examined with mobile X-ray had a significantly higher satisfaction rate than those examined with X-ray at the hospital. Conclusion: Satisfaction of patients examined with X-ray was reported by healthcare staff to be in favor of mobile X-ray.

我们究竟需要什么样的技术观

技术工具论是一种社会大众广为接受的技术观,也是当前教育中的主流技术观。工具论是主客二元认识论的产物,它强调技术功能,把技术看作一种价值中立的工具,但忽视了人和教育情境的因素。技术工具论的膨胀会消解教育活动的复杂性,引发教育活动的程序化,导致教育技术应用的低效。哲学研究范式的实践转向产生了新的技术观,实践理论阐述了人的实践具有日常性、关系性、过程性和微观性的特征,并能揭示教育技术“实际上是怎么样的”。教育技术实践观有助于我们展示“人—技术—教育”的教育技术关系,以及情境化、动态性和创造性的教育技术实践过程,从而能打开教育技术实践的黑箱。教育技术实践观能助力实现教育数字化转型逻辑转变,关注微观层面的教育技术活动,打通教育数字化转型的“最后一公里”,从而赋能教育和人的全面发展,有助于探索中国式教育数字化转型之路。

新型多频与传统单频无线电波透视仪的对比研究

近年来多频无线电波透视技术研究取得了一定进展,但目前常用的无线电波透视仪器多采用单一频率进行探测,多频透视探测仪器有待进一步开发及应用。通过全面对比YDT-3多频仪器和YDT-88单频仪器,有利于了解新型设备的使用功能和工作效果。从设备性能、数据采集和试验数据等方面进行了对比分析,对比结果表明:YDT-3透视仪的各项技术指标均达到了设计要求,并采用三频合一的手段,相较于单频设备,同类型实验探测可节省60%以上的时间;在探测数据方面,YDT-3透视仪采集的数据整体趋势和衰减规律与YDT-88大致相同,但在受线路干扰的测点附近接收信号较稳定,因此认为YDT-3同样拥有较好的探测效果及抗干扰性能力。

对器乐演奏文化之独特性界定的重新思考

器乐演奏作为音乐文化构成中极为重要的领域,其发展与变迁一直是音乐人类学文化研究中的一个重点。故而,对于从事音乐演奏事业的专职人员,或正在学习器乐表演专业的学子,其关注的焦点就不能仅局限于演奏技术、器乐制作或性能开发等层面,而需从更为宏观的人文情景出发,尤其在当今智能科技迅速崛起并不断普及的时代背景下去思考演奏行为本身,通过与社会人文相联系的视角,实事求是地对演奏行为自身的独特性进行清晰的自我界定,为其未来发展规划出一条与时俱进的方针,这对我国音乐表演专业的发展与普及具有极为客观的现实意义。

公共政策工具论视角述论

在概要论述公共政策工具论视角形成的背景、主要研究路径、主要研究成果、主要优点以及不利之处的基础上,展示该领域呈现的发展趋势。

基于图像处理的指针式仪表智能识别方法研究

针对仪表的智能识别方法在电力系统的工程应用,利用图像处理的方法对指针式仪表的智能读数进行研究;首先,针对摄像头多视角、多距离的安装问题,利用定向二进制描述符ORB(oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF)算法求解仪表模板图像与待测图像的透视变换矩阵,用于定位指针旋转区域;然后根据表盘灰度特征信息,提出基于圆周区域的累积直方图法(circle-based regional cumulative histogram,CRH)对指针进行定位,由指针偏转角度得到读数;实验结果表明,该方法对指针读数识别十分有效,达到了实用化要求,且具有实时性好和精度高的特点。

标定飞机舵面角位移的双圆靶单目视觉方法

提出了一种基于计算机单目视觉的飞机副翼、襟翼、方向舵和升降舵等转动系统中的角位移传感器的标定方法。用一台位置固定的数码相机对平行于飞机方向舵转轴并固定在该舵面上的一个双圆靶拍照。经数字图像处理确定4个特征像点的像面坐标,根据透视投影原理推导出求靶面法线的方向余弦的解析表达式,无需在现场实时标定相机参数即可解算出靶面法线的相对方向。方向舵转动时,其角位移可用该靶面的角位移来表达。仿真结果表明该方案正确可靠,可用于航天器上实现实时自主测量交会对接时的相对位姿参数。

班级社会学研究(上):诸论述评

班级社会学研究主要有三类传统观点:一是把班级视作保护性的因而学生应该遵从的群体,可称之为浪漫主义的客位班级观,包括"参照群体"、"初级群体"及"共同体"班级观;二是把班级视作管理/控制性的、因而需要学生服从的集体/体系,可称之为管理/工具主义的客位班级观,包括"社会系统"及"集体主义"班级观;三是价值评判色彩较淡而事实分析色彩较浓的"特殊社会组织"班级观。浪漫主义班级观虽反对压制学生,主张释放其主动性和创造性,却耽溺于浪漫化的构想而未能探及学生受压抑和宰制背后的意识形态问题以及学生的抵抗潜能与权力;工具主义班级观则在径直投诚主流意识形态或主动领受既定秩序的前提下,把学生连同教师一起变成了社会制度的部件。

无线电波透视仪输入输出阻抗检测分析理论方法

介绍了本质安全电气设备,首次提出了无线电波透视仪的输入、输出阻抗(电阻、电容、电感)的检测方法。通过理论分析,论证了检测方法的可行性,探讨性提出了实际测量方法。

基于“互联网+”背景的仪器分析类课程MTSAE教学模式构建

在互联网+和双一流学科建设国际化背景下,针对培养具有工程实践能力、团队合作精神和国际视野人才的目标,以提升学生自主创新水平和综合素质为导向,对本科生和研究生仪器分析类课程进行了改革。构建了与国际接轨的MTSAE教学模式,即通过采用网络教学(M)、团队协作(T)、学术研讨(S)、国内外课堂互通(A)和全方位评价(E)等方式来引导学生积极参与到国际化背景的教学活动中,发挥主观能动性,扩充前沿知识储备,增强团队攻关和合作交流能力,有效提升了学生的国际化水平,对于创新型人才的培养起到了积极的推动作用。