A fast and adaptive method for automatic weld defect detection in various real-time X-ray imaging systems

A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.

Efficient implementation of x-ray ghost imaging based on a modified compressive sensing algorithm

Towards efficient implementation of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI),efficient data acquisition and fast image reconstruction together with high image quality are preferred.In view of radiation dose resulted from the incident x-rays,fewer measurements with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)are always anticipated.Available methods based on linear and compressive sensing algorithms cannot meet all the requirements simultaneously.In this paper,a method based on a modified compressive sensing algorithm with conjugate gradient descent method(CGDGI)is developed to solve the problems encountered in available XGI methods.Simulation and experiments demonstrate the practicability of CGDGI-based method for the efficient implementation of XGI.The image reconstruction time of sub-second implicates that the proposed method has the potential for real-time XGI.

Application of Dual-Energy X-Ray Image Detection of Dangerous Goods Based on YOLOv7

X-ray security equipment is currently a more commonly used dangerous goods detection tool, due to the increasing security work tasks, the use of target detection technology to assist security personnel to carry out work has become an inevitable trend. With the development of deep learning, object detection technology is becoming more and more mature, and object detection framework based on convolutional neural networks has been widely used in industrial, medical and military fields. In order to improve the efficiency of security staff, reduce the risk of dangerous goods missed detection. Based on the data collected in X-ray security equipment, this paper uses a method of inserting dangerous goods into an empty package to balance all kinds of dangerous goods data and expand the data set. The high-low energy images are combined using the high-low energy feature fusion method. Finally, the dangerous goods target detection technology based on the YOLOv7 model is used for model training. After the introduction of the above method, the detection accuracy is improved by 6% compared with the direct use of the original data set for detection, and the speed is 93FPS, which can meet the requirements of the online security system, greatly improve the work efficiency of security personnel, and eliminate the security risks caused by missed detection.

Hydrophobic long-chain two-dimensional perovskite scintillators for underwater X-ray imaging

The underwater X-ray imaging technology development is significant to subaqueous target reconnaissance/detection/identification, subfluvial archaeology,submerged resource exploration, etc. As the core of X-ray imaging detection, the scintillator has been plagued by inherent moisture absorption and decomposition, and strict requirements for seamless packaging and waterproofing.Here, we designed a manganese-doped two-dimensional(2D) perovskite scintillator modified by hydrophobic longchain organic amine through the combination of component and doping engineering. The modified perovskites show high water repellency that can be used as an underwater X-ray scintillator. X-ray images of aquatic organisms or other objects with a high spatial resolution of10 lp·mm^(-1) at a big view field(32 mm × 32 mm) were obtained by scintillation screen. This hydrophobic perovskite scintillator based on molecular design is of great promise in underwater X-ray nondestructive testing technology development.

Hybrid Prisms: Revolutionizing Optical Systems across Spectral Ranges

This research article introduces and explores the concept of a hybrid prism, which combines the properties of a lens and a reflective prism, designed for optical systems that operate in different spectral ranges of electromagnetic waves. The hybrid prism allows for precise focusing of light rays in a glass body and X-rays in a vacuum, enabling it to serve as an objective in various optical systems for imaging objects. The article delves into the structure and working principles of the hybrid prism, discussing its potential applications, including as an intraocular prism for macular degeneration, a lidar system for vehicle navigation, and objectives for cameras, telescopes, microscopes, X-ray devices, and X-ray microscopes. The revolutionary hybrid prism unlocks precise imaging of light and X-rays, reshaping optical systems and enabling groundbreaking applications.

Image processing algorithm acceleration using reconfigurable macro processor model

The concept and advantage of reconfigurable technology is introduced. A kind of processor architecture of re configurable macro processor (RMP) model based on FPGA array and DSP is put forward and has been implemented. Two image algorithms are developed: template-based automatic target recognition and zone labeling. One is estimating for motion direction in the infrared image background, another is line picking-up algorithm based on image zone labeling and phase grouping technique. It is a kind of 'hardware' function that can be called by the DSP in high-level algorithm. It is also a kind of hardware algorithm of the DSP. The results of experiments show the reconfigurable computing technology based on RMP is an ideal accelerating means to deal with the high-speed image processing tasks. High real time performance is obtained in our two applications on RMP.

A Review of Engine Fuel Injection Studies Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Imaging

Fuel spray characteristics directly determine the formation pattern and quality of the fuel/air mixture in an engine,and thus affect the combustion process.For this reason,the improvement and optimization of fuel injection systems is crucial to the development of engine technologies.The fuel jet breakup and atomization process is a complex liquid-gas two-phase turbulent flow system that has not yet been fully elucidated.Owing to the limitations of standard optical measurement techniques,the spray breakup mechanism and its interaction with the nozzle internal flow are still unclear.However,in recent years synchrotron radiation(SR)X-ray imaging technologies have been widely applied in engine fuel injection studies because of the higher energy and brilliance of third-generation SR light sources.This review provides a brief introduction to the development of SR technology and compares the critical parameters of the primary third-generation SR light sources available worldwide.The basic principles and applications of various X-ray imaging technologies with regard to nozzle internal structure measurements,visualization of in-nozzle flow characteristics and quantitative analyses of near-field spray transient dynamics are examined in detail.

Subtraction Perfusion CT: A Technical Note

It is challenging to attempt to obtain CT perfusion (CTP) images of the hyperdense tissues, which could conceal the density of contrast material during perfusion study. We report a new technique of subtraction CTP (SCTP) to compensate the shortcomings. SCTP post-processed by perfusion software for the data of post-perfusion images subtracting pre-perfusion corresponding images slice by slice in CTP source images is technically feasible without any adverse effects on patients. It provides a new functional imaging with quantitatively hemodynamic indexes of tissue microcirculation and reflects accurately the change of blood flow in tissues and organs.