Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Climate Events and Their Teleconnections to Large-scale Ocean-atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Huaihe River Basin,China During 1959–2019

Huaihe River Basin(HRB) is located in China’s north-south climatic transition zone,which is very sensitive to global climate change.Based on the daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,and precipitation data of 40 meteorological stations and nine monthly large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices data during 1959–2019,we present an assessment of the spatial and temporal variations of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the HRB using nine extreme climate indices,and analyze the teleconnection relationship between extreme climate indices and large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices.The results show that warm extreme indices show a significant(P < 0.05) increasing trend,while cold extreme indices(except for cold spell duration) and diurnal temperature range(DTR) show a significant decreasing trend.Furthermore,all extreme temperature indices show significant mutations during 1959-2019.Spatially,a stronger warming trend occurs in eastern HRB than western HRB,while maximum 5-d precipitation(Rx5day) and rainstorm days(R25) show an increasing trend in the southern,central,and northwestern regions of HRB.Arctic oscillation(AO),Atlantic multidecadal oscillation(AMO),and East Atlantic/Western Russia(EA/WR) have a stronger correlation with extreme climate indices compared to other circulation indices.AO and AMO(EA/WR) exhibit a significant(P < 0.05) negative(positive)correlation with frost days and diurnal temperature range.Extreme warm events are strongly correlated with the variability of AMO and EA/WR in most parts of HRB,while extreme cold events are closely related to the variability of AO and AMO in eastern HRB.In contrast,AMO,AO,and EA/WR show limited impacts on extreme precipitation events in most parts of HRB.

Interdecadal Enhancement of the Walker Circulation over the Tropical Pacific in the Late 1990s

The Walker circulation is one of the major components of the large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation and variations in its strength are critical to equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation. It has been argued in the literature that during the 20th century the Walker circulation weakened, and that this weakening was attributable to anthropogenic climate change. By using updated observations, we show that there has been a rapid interdecadal enhancement of the Walker circulation since the late 1990s. Associated with this enhancement is enhanced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific, anomalous westerlies in the upper troposphere, descent in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and anomalous surface easterlies in the western and central tropical Pacific. The characteristics of associated oceanic changes are a strengthened thermocline slope and an enhanced zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific. Many characteristics of these changes are similar to those associated with the mid-1970s climate shift with an opposite sign. We also show that the interdecadal variability of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is inversely correlated to the interdecadal variability of the zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic. An enhancement of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is associated with a weakening zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic and vise versa, implying an inter-Atlantic-Pacific connection of the zonal overturning circulation variation. Whether these recent changes will be sustained is not yet clear, but our research highlights the importance of understanding the interdecadal variability, as well as the long-term trends, that influence tropical circulation.

Application of Clausius-Clappeyron Relation (1832) and Carnot Principle (1824) to Earth’s Atmosphere Tricellular Circulation

Atmospheric or climate phenomena are usually a combination of elementary events whose scales range from the very small (microscopic) to the infinitely large (synoptic). This means that build reasoning from ground- or space-based observations only, regardless of the physics of elementary processes, inevitably leads to erroneous results. Given the fact that plots of Troposphere Tricellular Circulation are only based on weather mean conditions measured near the ground (i.e.: pressure and winds fields observed at the surface of the earth), we want to improve these representations of the general circulation of the atmosphere, by using both Clausius-Clapeyron Relation and Carnot Principle derived respectively in 1832 and 1824. Indeed, Clausius-Clapeyron relation shows precisely that, unlike the dry water vapor that can be assimilated to the ideal gas at many circumstances, the saturated water vapor has, in an air parcel at the same time cold (temperature below 0.0098°C) and rich in moisture (vapor pressure above 6.11 mb), thermoelastic properties diametrically opposed to those of ideal gas (including dry water vapor). Vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor in the atmosphere provided by ground- or space-based observations lead to the location of a troposphere region in which the ideal gas assumption should be banned: hence appropriate and unique plot of earth’s atmosphere tricellular circulation.

On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformationof Tropical Storm Haima (2004)

A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm （TS） Haima （2004） into an extratropical cyclone （EC） is carried out numerically since,after landfall,Haima （2004） （as an EC） brought severe weather to a large area （from the south to the north） in China during 13-16 September 2004.With the linear diagnostic model （derived in a previous study） for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth,Haima＇s （2004） life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well.Therefore,the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs.The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the innerregion updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima＇s （2004） TS stage.Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection （EAMA） during Haima＇s （2004） EC stage.Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm,the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima＇s （2004） transformation is closely associated with the Sshaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets.One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm,and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm.Consequently,the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion,leading to Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition after its landfall.

Effect of Buerger’s Exercises on Improving Peripheral Circulation: A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of Buerger’s exercise on the peripheral circulation or diabetic foot ulceration. A systematic search and 18 electronic databases were conducted. The intervention was predominantly focused on Buerger’s exercise as an outcome. Due to high heterogeneity, data were synthesized in a narrative format rather than by statistical methods. Nine studies that covered 592 participants were selected in the analysis, of which 8 of the 9 found an effect of Buerger’s exercise on peripheral circulation. The positive effects were indicative of improving blood flow, walking ability, reducing necrosis, reducing venous embolism, pain, swelling, cyanosis and the bed-rest times. However, the study design and quality appraisal were limited to Jadad score 2 and the sample size was small. Findings provide some evidence of the beneficial effects of Buerger’s exercises. It was seen as a low cost and low risk physical activity that most diabetic patients could undertake at home. This review highlighted a need for further investigation of standardized procedures of Buerger’s exercises. More high quality studies on the prevention of diabetic foot are required regarding Buerger’s exercises.

Minister Zhang Haoruo on China's Circulation Reform

While China’s internal market potential is getting more and more tempting, Minister Zhang Haoruo of Internal Trade says in the years to come the retail, wholesale and material sectors will be freed up for foreign investment. Foreign businessmen will be welcome to compete in China. The Minister disclose "t that 11 cities had been approved to experiment

Heparin improves organ microcirculatory disturbances in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

AIM:Microcirculatory disturbances are important early pathophysiological events in various organs during acute pancreatitis.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in microperfusion of the pancreas,liver,kidney,stomach, colon,skeletal muscle,and to investigate the influence of heparin on the organ microcirculation in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Acute pancreatitis was induced by 4 intraperitoneal injections of caerulein(Cn)(15 μg/kg).The organ microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.Serum interleukin 6 and hematocrit levels were analysed. RESULTS:Acute pancreatitis resulted in a significant drop of microperfusion in all examined organs.Heparin administration(2×2.5 mg/kg)improved the microcirculation in pancreas(36.9±4% vs 75.9±10%),liver(56.6±6% vs 75.2±16%),kidney (45.1±6% vs 79.3±5%),stomach (65.2±8% vs 78.1±19%),colon(69.8±6% vs 102.5±19%), and skeletal muscle (59.2±6% vs 77.9±13%).Heparin treatment lowered IL-6(359.0±66 U/mL vs 288.5±58 U/mL) and hematocrit level(53±4% vs 46±3%). CONCLUSION:Heparin administration has a positive influence on organ microcirculatory disturbances accompanying experimental Cn-induced acute pancreatitis.

α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain:so many seeds so close to the central soil

α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals.Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Aggregated and highly phospho rylated a-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain,the pathological hallmark of Parkinson s disease.For decades,much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson s disease as a systemic disease.Recent evidence demonstrates that,at least in some patients,the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain.Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tra ct trigge rs the gutto-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology.However,whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation.In this review,we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.

Applications of Symmetric Circulant Matrices to Isotropic Markov Chain Models and Electrical Impedance Tomography

Symmetric circulant matrices (or shortly symmetric circulants) are a very special class of matrices sometimes arising in problems of discrete periodic convolutions with symmetric kernel. First, we collect major properties of symmetric circulants scattered through the literature. Second, we report two new applications of these matrices to isotropic Markov chain models and electrical impedance tomography on a homogeneous disk with equidistant electrodes. A new special function is introduced for computation of the Ohm’s matrix. The latter application is illustrated with estimation of the resistivity of gelatin using an electrical impedance tomography setup.

At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC

The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided

体外循环术后血清S-100蛋白浓度变化及其意义

【目的】观察体外循环 (心肺转流术 )术后血清S 10 0蛋白浓度变化 ,判断体外循环对脑损伤的影响。【方法】 17例接受体外循环心脏直视手术患者 ,平均体外循环时间 75 1min ,主动脉阻断时间 46 8min。术前、术后 30min、6h、2 4h取颈内静脉血标本 ,离心后取血清检测S 10 0蛋白浓度。【结果】血清S 10 0蛋白浓度从术前平均 0 44 μg/L上升至术后 30min的2 6 9μg/L ,随后下降 ,至术后 2 4h基本恢复术前水平 ;2例转机时间超过 12 0min者术后血清S 10 0蛋白水平显著高于其他患者 ;血清S 10 0蛋白浓度水平与转机时间呈正相关。【结论】体外循环术后患者血清S 10 0蛋白浓度显著升高 ,特异性的提示体外循环术后脑损伤的存在。

基于Logistic模型的农地流转农户意愿影响因素研究

为了分析影响农户农地流转的因素,为农地流转的定性研究提供量化的依据和支持,采用抽样调查、Logistic模型进行分析。结果表明,农户参与土地流转的意愿是受到非农就业率等多种因素的影响和制约的,农户农地流转意愿的影响因素按贡献率由大到小排序为非农就业率、恩格尔系数、单位面积农业纯收入、交通便捷度、签订流转书面合同比率、农地流转主导因素、家庭最高文化程度、粮食安全保障率、经济发展水平、家庭人口数、农业劳动力人数和被访者年龄。为提高农户参与土地流转的积极性,促进农村土地流转,建议给农民创造更多的就业机会,提高农业比较效益,完善农村基础设施,发挥政府的监督管理和服务职能,加强部分农民的思想改造工作,扩大农民受教育的途径,提高农民文化素质。

人民币汇率非线性特征研究——基于R/S分析法的实证检验

以2005年7月21日～2008年3月12日银行间外汇市场六种货币兑人民币汇率数据为样本，采用R／S分析法对其日收益率序列进行了研究，结果表明：六种货币兑人民币汇率日收益率序列均不服从正态分布，普遍地表现为有偏的随机过程；六种货币兑人民币汇率均具有非线性特征，表现为较强的正状态持久性，其波动存在明显的非周期循环。

血清S-100B蛋白水平与前循环进展性卒中关系的研究

目的研究前循环进展性卒中患者S-100B蛋白水平的动态变化,探讨其在前循环进展性卒中的作用和早期预测价值。方法收集发病24小时内入院的急性脑梗死患者285例,在入院时及发病3天、发病1周时,采用改良爱丁堡斯堪的那维亚神经功能缺损评分量表(the Scandinavian Stroke Scale,SSS)评分系统对神经功能缺损程度进行评分。入院后1周内SSS评分下降2分或以上者纳入进展性卒中组,否则纳入非进展性卒中组。应用ELISA法检测急性脑梗死患者入院72小时内S-100B蛋白水平的动态变化。结果与对照组相比,急性脑梗死组无论是否进展,其入院后12小时、24小时、36小时、48小时、72小时的S-100B蛋白水平明显增高(P<0.01)。与非进展组相比,进展性卒中组患者血清S-100B水平在发病后24小时、36小时、48小时、72小时明显增高(P<0.01)。急性脑梗死患者S-100B蛋白水平在入院监测时间内72小时达到最高点。急性脑梗死患者入院后72小时内血清S-100B蛋白水平与入院时SSS评分呈正相关(r=0.65)。结论急性脑梗死患者血清S-100B蛋白水平可能是前循环进展性脑卒中的有效预测指标。

基于C/S架构的ERP中物流系统研制

介绍的是ERP系统中的物流子系统的开发过程 ,本系统前端采用MicrosoftVisualBasic .net开发 ,后端利用SQLServer2 0 0 0开发。系统采用了一种基于局域网的C/S为主体架构模式 ,以 .NET与SQLSERVER 2 0 0 0中的 .基于 .NET数据库开发的DATASET思想 ,在具体实现中运用OLEDB控件与DATAGRID控件及T_SQL语句 ,用DataRelation对象来描述数据集中表间的关系。利用Toolbar控件与imagelist控件来实现主界面的设计。

基于改进的T-S模糊神经网络循环冷却水腐蚀预测

在数据挖掘的理论上,使用主成分分析对样本数据进行降维和预处理,然后以工业循环水的腐蚀速率为研究对象,建立基于改进的T-S模糊神经网络的腐蚀速率预测模型。应用于某石化实际生产数据,进行模型验证,并将该模型与BP神经网络模型进行比较,仿真结果证实了改进T-S模糊神经网络模型的有效性和优越性。

用PHP脚本与Mysql数据库构建B／S模式的通用公文流转系统

分析了公文流转系统的基本技术及其原理,提出了一个用PHP脚本语言结合Mysql数据库构建B／S模式的公文流转系统的解决方案．通过该方案建立了一个通用的公文流转系统,可应用解决企业、行政事业单位的基本公文事务处理．

基于B/S模式的电厂工作票系统

在对传统的Web三层结构进行改进的基础上,以.NET为软件平台设计开发了一套基于B/S模式的实用化工作票系统。系统提供了手工填写和标准票两种开票方式,并实现了工作票流转过程中不同级别权限的控制以及对工作票的管理等。该工作票系统具有较强的适应性及灵活性,对页面及接口模块作相应的改动,即可适应不同系统的要求。该系统在电厂的长期运行及其良好的使用效果,证明了本系统的有效性和正确性。

循环流化床锅炉SO_2的生成与脱除

循环流化床锅炉在燃烧的过程中可脱除S、N等有害气体 ,其排放物可达到国家的排放标准。通过对云天化循环流化床锅炉的生产实践研究 ,分析循环流化床锅炉的Ca/S摩尔比、炉温、流化速度、脱硫剂等等因素CFB锅炉脱硫效率的影响。云天化循环流化床锅炉在Ca/S =2 .5、床温时 85 0～ 92 0℃、石灰石的平均粒度 10 0～15 0 μm左右的脱硫效率达到 90 6 %、SO2 平均排放量为 10 6 0mg/m3 ,证明了循环流化床锅炉脱除SO2 的能力。

BNP、Scr、S-100β蛋白及CysC对体外循环心脏手术患者预后的影响

目的探讨脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、S-100β蛋白及胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)对体外循环心脏手术预后的影响。方法选取2014年1月1日至2016年1月1日胸外科胸外科诊断为心力衰竭并接受体外循环(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)心脏手术的130例患者为研究对象,自出院后1周进行为期2年的随访。根据随访结果,将患者分预后良好组和预后不良组,运用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析体外循环心脏手术患者生存状态;单因素、多因素COX比例风险回归模型分析可能影响ECC心脏手术预后的因素;绘制ROC曲线比较各因素的敏感性及特异性。结果多因素COX比例风险回归模型分析显示S-100β(P=0.025)、Scr(P=0.015)、BNP(P=0.047)、CysC(P=0.008)、LVEF(P=0.037)可影响ECC心脏手术患者预后;CysC联合BNP的ACU为0.846,其敏感性、特异性分别为81.3%,79.05%。结论 S-100β、Scr、BNP、CysC,LVEF是ECC心脏手术预后的影响因素,CysC联合BNP诊断可作为ECC心脏手术的辅助预测指标,具有潜在临床应用价值。