Stephen Hawking gave a formula for the temperature of black holes as given by . Some of the black holes have their spinning velocity from 50% to 99% of the velocity of light. Due to this velocity, the mass of black ho...Stephen Hawking gave a formula for the temperature of black holes as given by . Some of the black holes have their spinning velocity from 50% to 99% of the velocity of light. Due to this velocity, the mass of black holes will vary which cause the variation in the temperature of black holes. In the present research article, we have applied the variation of mass with velocity to obtain the rate of change in temperature of the black holes with respect to velocity. We have also calculated their values for super dense stars like black holes existing in XRBs and AGN and concluded that for super dense stars like black holes of lower velocity as well as the velocity comparable to the velocity of light, the rate of change in temperature with respect to velocity is directly proportional to their velocities. This work will help us to find out the variation in temperature of different black holes spinning with different velocity percentage related to light speed and can be used as the references for other research works.展开更多
The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg...The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg in both categories of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This formula can be used to justify the life time of black hole given by Γ = 2.098(M/Mο)3 x 1067 years as proposed by Stephen Hawking, where M and Mο are the mass of the black hole and the sun respectively. The authors also calculate the change in energy and mass of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon as well as (dE/dM) for different test non-spinning black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).展开更多
The thermonuclear rate of the 50Fe（p, γ）51Co reaction in the Type I X-ray bursts （XRBs） temperature range has been reevaluated based on a recent precise mass measurement at CSRe Lanzhou, where the proton separa-...The thermonuclear rate of the 50Fe（p, γ）51Co reaction in the Type I X-ray bursts （XRBs） temperature range has been reevaluated based on a recent precise mass measurement at CSRe Lanzhou, where the proton separa- tion energy Sp=142±77 keV has been determined firstly for the ~1Co nucleus. Comparing to the previous theoretical predictions, the experimental Sp value has much smaller uncertainty. Based on the nuclear shell model and mirror nuclear structure information, we have calculated two sets of thermonuclear rates for the 50Fe（p, γ）51Coreaction by utilizing the experimental Sp value. It shows that the statistical-model calculations are not ideally applicable for this reaction primarily because of the low density of low-lying excited states in 51Co. In this work, we recommend that a set of new reaction rates based on the mirror structure of 51Cr should be incorporated in future astrophysical network calculations.展开更多
文摘Stephen Hawking gave a formula for the temperature of black holes as given by . Some of the black holes have their spinning velocity from 50% to 99% of the velocity of light. Due to this velocity, the mass of black holes will vary which cause the variation in the temperature of black holes. In the present research article, we have applied the variation of mass with velocity to obtain the rate of change in temperature of the black holes with respect to velocity. We have also calculated their values for super dense stars like black holes existing in XRBs and AGN and concluded that for super dense stars like black holes of lower velocity as well as the velocity comparable to the velocity of light, the rate of change in temperature with respect to velocity is directly proportional to their velocities. This work will help us to find out the variation in temperature of different black holes spinning with different velocity percentage related to light speed and can be used as the references for other research works.
文摘The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg in both categories of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This formula can be used to justify the life time of black hole given by Γ = 2.098(M/Mο)3 x 1067 years as proposed by Stephen Hawking, where M and Mο are the mass of the black hole and the sun respectively. The authors also calculate the change in energy and mass of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon as well as (dE/dM) for different test non-spinning black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2013MS0916)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11490562,11405228)
文摘The thermonuclear rate of the 50Fe（p, γ）51Co reaction in the Type I X-ray bursts （XRBs） temperature range has been reevaluated based on a recent precise mass measurement at CSRe Lanzhou, where the proton separa- tion energy Sp=142±77 keV has been determined firstly for the ~1Co nucleus. Comparing to the previous theoretical predictions, the experimental Sp value has much smaller uncertainty. Based on the nuclear shell model and mirror nuclear structure information, we have calculated two sets of thermonuclear rates for the 50Fe（p, γ）51Coreaction by utilizing the experimental Sp value. It shows that the statistical-model calculations are not ideally applicable for this reaction primarily because of the low density of low-lying excited states in 51Co. In this work, we recommend that a set of new reaction rates based on the mirror structure of 51Cr should be incorporated in future astrophysical network calculations.
