Objective: To investigate the effects of Xuezhikang capsule (XZK,血脂康胶囊) on blood lipids level, platelet activation and coagulation-fibrinolysis activity in patients with hyerlipidemia. Methods: Seventy-six patien...Objective: To investigate the effects of Xuezhikang capsule (XZK,血脂康胶囊) on blood lipids level, platelet activation and coagulation-fibrinolysis activity in patients with hyerlipidemia. Methods: Seventy-six patients of hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups, the XZK group (n=38) treated with XZK 600mg, taken two times per day and the Simvastatin (SIM) group (n = 38) treated with SIM 20mg per day, with the treatment lasting 8 weeks for both groups. Levels of fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), plasma GMP-140, fibrinogen (FIB), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-) and prothrombin time (PT) were all measured before and 8 weeks after treatment. Data were compared before and after treatment and also compared with those measured in 20 healthy subjects of control. Results: Before treantment the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were obviously higher and HDL-C level was significantly lower in hyperlipidemia patients than those in healthy subjects (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 4-8 weeks of XZK treatment, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and FIB and activities of GMP-140 and PAI-1 were obviously lowered (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). But in the SIM group there was no obvious change in FIB (P>0.05), instead it showed obvious increase of HDL-C and decrease of TC and LDL-C after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: XZK could inhibit platelet activity and improve coagulation-fibrinolysis function, besides its lipids lowering effect.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effects of Xuezhikang (red yeast rice) on blood lipids, blood rheology, and expression of P65 and tissue factor, and to explore the anti-atherosclerosis effect and related mechanisms of Xuezh...Objective: To observe the effects of Xuezhikang (red yeast rice) on blood lipids, blood rheology, and expression of P65 and tissue factor, and to explore the anti-atherosclerosis effect and related mechanisms of Xuezhikang (red yeast rice). Methods: 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, Xuezhikang treatment group, lovastatin treatment group and atherosclerosis model group (8 in each group). Blood lipids, blood rheology, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and expression of aortic tissue factor (TF) and P65 were measured in each group. Results:(1) Both Xuezhikang and lovastatin could reduce blood lipid levels, but there was no significant difference between the two groups;(2) Both Xuezhikang and lovastatin can improve the hemorheology of atherosclerotic rats, but the difference between the two groups is not significant;(3) Compared with lovastatin, Xuezhikang inhibited the expression of TF and P65 in aorta of rats with atherosclerosis;(4) Compared with lovastatin, the Xuezhikang group had lower MDA levels and higher T-AOC. Conclusion: Xuezhikang can improve blood lipid levels and hemorheology in rats with atherosclerosis. Compared with lovastatin, Xuezhikang has stronger effects on inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating the expression of tissue factor and P65.展开更多
Objectives In addition to its lipid-lowering properties, statin decreases the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) resulting in reduction of cardiovascular events. However, information about discontinuation of statin t...Objectives In addition to its lipid-lowering properties, statin decreases the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) resulting in reduction of cardiovascular events. However, information about discontinuation of statin therapy in stable cardiac patients is limited. This was a prospective cohort study to explore whether withdrawal of statin treatment could result in rebound of inflammation in patients with stable angina pectofis in a short-term course. Methods and Results 75 patients with stable angina pectoris were randomly divided into three groups: ① Pretreatment with Xuezhikang (XZK, an extract of cholestin) for 6 weeks and then replaced by placebo; ②Treatment with XZK throughout the study; ③ Placebo. Lipid levels, highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) and serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were assessed before receiving the XZK therapy, 1 day before discontinuation of XZK, and on day 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 after discontinuation of XZK, respectively. At day 14 after discontinuation of XZK therapy, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride significantly increased, whereas HDL-C level significantly decreased. The median level of hs-CRP increased significantly from the second day after withdrawal of XZK therapy. There was a prominent rebound of hs-CRP concentration 3 days after discontinuation of XZK therapy. 7 to 14 days after discontinuation of XZK therapy, the hs-CRP concentration declined to a similar level as in the placebo group. Elevated eTnT level did not occur throughout the study course in either guroup Conclusios Short-term discontinuation of statin therapy could induce a rapid rebound phenomenon of inflammatory response independently of changes of lipid parameters. However, it was not enough to induce myocardial injury in this cohort of patients with stable angina peetoris.展开更多
Objectives To study the effects of XUEZHIKANG on lipid modulating and the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OX - LDL), C -reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen(FIB) in serum. Methods XUEZHIKANG was given to patien...Objectives To study the effects of XUEZHIKANG on lipid modulating and the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OX - LDL), C -reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen(FIB) in serum. Methods XUEZHIKANG was given to patients with unstable angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia at a dose of 0. 6 gram bid for 2 months and with half -dose for another 2 months. Vitamin E was given to unstable angina pectoris patients with normal lipid at the dose of 0. 1 gram bid for 4 months respectively. Then compared the level of lipid and OX - LDfL, CRP, FIB in serum at beginning, first - month and second -month. Results XUEZHIKANG can reduce the serum level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in 1 month , and gained better effect in 2 months. It can also reduce triglyceride and increase high density lipoprotein in 2 months. Compared with vitamin E XUEZHIKANG can reduce the level of OX - LDL, CRP, FIB significantly after treatment for 2 months. Conclusions XUEZHIKANG has significant effect in lipid modulating , and it can also inhibit the development of inflammation in coronary plaque.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊) on the serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in patients with nonalcoholic fatt...Objective:To evaluate the effect of Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊) on the serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia,and to explore whether it has anti-inflammatory effect.Methods:A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned to two groups with stratified block randomization, the treatment group(42 cases) and the control group(42 cases).They were treated with Xuezhikang Capsule and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule for twenty-four weeks,respectively.The changes in serum TNF-αand IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and at the 12th and 24th week. Results:Compared with those before treatment,the serum levels of TNF-αand IL-6 significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(P〈0.01).There was no significant change between the two groups for the treatments at different time points(P〉0.05) and between the two groups for treatments at the same time points (P〉0.05).Conclusion:Xuezhikang Capsule can inhibit the serum inflammatory factor in patients with NAFLD and hyperlipidemia.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of combined therapy with Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊,XZK) and Valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and heart rate turbulence(HRT) in hypertensive patients. Methods:N...Objective:To observe the effect of combined therapy with Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊,XZK) and Valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and heart rate turbulence(HRT) in hypertensive patients. Methods:Ninety primary hypertensive patients with LVH were randomly assigned to three groups.Basic treatment,including aspirin,β-blockers,calcium antagonists,etc.were administered to all patients.Additionally, Valsartan(VS,80 mg once a day) was given to the 30 patients in the VS group.Valsartan(in the same dosage) and XZK(600 mg,twice a day) were given to the 32 patients in the Chinese medicine(CM) group,while none was given to the 28 patients in the control group.The therapeutic course lasted for 24 months.Changes in left ventricular mass index(LVMI) measured by cardiac ultrasonic indices,HRT parameters,including the original heart rate(TO) and slope coefficient(TS),systolic and diastolic blood pressures(SBP and DBP),as well as blood cholesterol level(TC) were measured before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,TO and LVMI were lowered,while TS increased in both the VS group and the CM group(P〈0.01),but changed insignificantly in the control group.Significant differences between the CM group and the control group were shown in terms of TO,LVMI,SBP,DBP and TS(P〈0.01);and between the CM group and the VS group in terms of TO,LVMI and TS(P〈0.01).Moreover,HRT parameters showed an evident correlation with LVMI(r=0.519-0.635,P〈0.01). Conclusion:Combined therapy with XZK and Valsartan can improve hypertensive LVH and HRT parameters, and lessen the damage on the autonomous nervous system.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the impacts of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK)or pravastatin combined with antihypertensive drugs on circulating endothelial progenitor cells(CEPCs)in essential hypertensive (EH)patients.Methods:Eighty...Objective:To investigate the impacts of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK)or pravastatin combined with antihypertensive drugs on circulating endothelial progenitor cells(CEPCs)in essential hypertensive (EH)patients.Methods:Eighty-eight EH patients were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to the antihypertensive drug treatment group(ATH group,29 cases),the pravastatin treatment group(PRA group,29 cases)and the Xuezhikang treatment group(XZK group,30 cases).Patients in the 3 groups were treated with routine antihy...展开更多
Background: Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the ...Background: Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the effects of XZK on athero-sclerosis (AS) in humans has been reported less frequently. In the present study, we investigated the impact of XZK on lipoprotein subfractions, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: From October 2015 to July 2016, 40 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 subjects with dyslipidemia received XZK 1200 mg/day for 8 weeks (XZK group); 20 additional healthy subjects who did not receive therapy acted as controls. The plasma lipoprotein subfractions, oxLDL, and IL-6 were examined at baseline and again at 8 weeks. Results: Data showed that XZK could significantly decrease not only plasma LDL-C levels (87.26 ± 24.45 vs. 123.34 ± 23.99, P<0.001), total cholesterol (4.14 ± 0.87 vs. 5.08 ± 1.03, P<0.001), triglycerides (0.95 ± 0.38 vs. 1.55 ± 0.61, P<0.05), and apolipoprotein B (1.70 ± 0.35 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72, P<0.05), but also oxLDL (36.36 ± 5.31 vs. 49.20 ± 15.01, P<0.05) and IL-6 (8.50 ± 7.40 vs. 10.40 ± 9.49, P<0.05). At the same time, XZK reduced the concentration of small LDL-C (1.78 ± 2.17 vs. 6.33 ± 7.78, P<0.05) and the percentage of the small LDL subfraction (1.09 ± 1.12 vs. 3.07 ± 3.09, P<0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with 1200 mg/day XZK for 8 weeks significantly decreased the atherogenic small LDL subfraction and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, in addition to affecting the lipid profile, suggesting multiple beneficial effects in coronary artery disease.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Xuezhikang(血脂康, XZK) on renal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats and the possible mechanism. Methods: Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal, model ...Objective: To investigate the effect of Xuezhikang(血脂康, XZK) on renal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats and the possible mechanism. Methods: Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal, model and XZK groups. In each group, the rats were further randomly divided into 3-month and 6-month subgroups, respectively. Diabetes of rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozocin at 60 mg/kg body weight. Rats in the XZK group received gastric perfusion of XZK(1200 mg/kg body weight) everyday for 3 or 6 months, while rats in the normal and model groups received equal volume of saline. Twenty-four hours' urine was collected for urinary albumin excretion(UAE) measurement. Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining were used for saccharides and collagen detection. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was investigated by Td T-mediated d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Cytochrome C(Cyt C) and caspase-9 concentration were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the model group, XZK treatment could significantly decrease the kidney hypertrophy index, 24 h UAE, renal cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic Cyt C level and active caspase-9 level, as well as suppress the increment of Bax and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, leading to the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 3 and 6 months(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Moreover, XZK treatment could alleviate the deposition of PAS-stained saccharides and Masson's trichromestained collagen to different extent. Conclusions: Renal cell apoptosis was observed in diabetic kidney, in which mitochondrial apoptotic pathway might be involved. XZK treatment could attenuate pathological changes in diabetic kidney and reduce renal cell apoptosis, probably via the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which lead to inhibition of Cyt C release and following caspase-9 activation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the short- and long-term effects of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK),an extract of Cholestin,on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) level.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly divided...Objective:To investigate the short- and long-term effects of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK),an extract of Cholestin,on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) level.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups and were given saline,XZK 1,200 mg/kg or lovastatin 10 mg/kg respectively by daily gavage for 3 days(n=10 for each).Sixteen patients without previous iipid-lowering drug treatment for dyslipidemia received XZK 1,200 mg daily for 8 weeks.Fasting blood samples and liver tissue were collected at day 3 for rats,while the blood samples were obtained at baseline and week 8 from patients.The serum PCSK9 and lipid profile were measured.The expression of hepatic low density lipoprotein(LDL) receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SREBP-2) were measured by real time-PCR.Results:PCSK9 levels in rats were significantly increased in the XZK and lovastatin groups(P=0.002,P=0.003 vs.control) at day 3,while no significant differences were found in the levels of lipid parameters.PCSK9 levels in patients increased by34%(P=0.006 vs.baseline) accompanied by total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased by 22%and 28%(P=0.001,P=0.002 vs.baseline).The hepatic mRNA levels of LDL-receptor and SREBP-2 were significantly increased in the XZK and lovastatin groups.Conclusion:XZK has significant impact on PCSK9 in a short- and long-term manner in both rats and humans.Moreover,the data indicated that as lovastatin,XZK increased PCSK9 levels through SREBP-2 pathway.展开更多
Background Recent researches have found that stains can improve acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury which is achieved by inhibiting inflammatory reaction.Xuezhikang is extracted from red rice,a tailor-made Ch...Background Recent researches have found that stains can improve acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury which is achieved by inhibiting inflammatory reaction.Xuezhikang is extracted from red rice,a tailor-made Chinese crude drug.Main component of Xuezhikang that can inhibit blood-fat is statins.Methods Forty healthy SD rats (half male and half female,200 g or so) were randomly divided into four groups:A:normal control;B:sham operation;C:MIR group;D:Xuezhikang group.The acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was produced.Infarct sizes,MYO,CK-MB,cTnI,IL-10 and IL-18 were detected after reperfusion.Results Compared with C and D group,in A and B group,infarct size were increased significantly (P 0.01),the level of serum MYO,CK-MB,cTnI were increased significantly (P 0.01),the level of IL-10 were decreased significantly (P 0.01) and IL-18,CRP were increased significantly (P 0.01).Compared with C group,infarct size were decreased significantly (P 0.05),the level of serum MYO,CK-MB and cTnI were increased significantly(P 0.05),the level of IL-10 were increased significantly (P 0.05) and IL-18 were decreased significantly (P 0.05).The level of IL-10 and IL-18 were no difference between A and B group.Conclusion The application of Xuezhikang capsules on rats before the operation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion can lessen inflammatory reaction and reduce infarct sizes and protect acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of Xuezhikang on the markers of the serum lipid levels of cholesterol synthesis and absorption in early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia,and preliminarily explore its lipid-lo...Objective:To analyze the effect of Xuezhikang on the markers of the serum lipid levels of cholesterol synthesis and absorption in early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia,and preliminarily explore its lipid-lowering mechanism.Methods:A total of 90 early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled from December,2014 to May,2016 from Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,who were randomly allocated to receive Xuezhikang(1200 mg/d,orally)or atorvastatin(10 mg/d,orally)according to a random number table.Serum levels of some related biomarkers,including cholesterol synthesis markers(squalene,dihydrocholesterol,dehydrocholesterol,and lathosterol),and absorption markers(campesterol,stigmasterol,and sitosterol)as well as safety indices were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks of the intervention.Results:Eight weeks after treatment,both Xuezhikang and atorvastatin significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density cholesterol compared to baseline(all P<0.01).Xuezhikang significantly reduced the levels of squalene,dehydrocholesterol and lathosterol compared to baseline(all P<0.01),but atorvastatin only significantly reduced the level of squalene(P<0.01),compared to baseline.All cholesterol absorption markers showed no significant differences before and after treatment(P>0.05),however,a more obvious downward trend was shown in the Xuezhikang group.In addition,all the safety indices showed no significant differences between the two groups.Although the creatinekinase level in the Xuezhikang group was significantly higher,it remained within the safe range.Conclusions:Xuezhikang may have more comprehensive effects on the markers of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia through ergosterol and flavonoids in its"natural polypill."展开更多
The modulatory effect of Xuezhikang on dysli-pidemia and the preventive effect on atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were studied.A prospective clinical trial was conducted to test the effec-t...The modulatory effect of Xuezhikang on dysli-pidemia and the preventive effect on atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were studied.A prospective clinical trial was conducted to test the effec-tiveness of Xuezhikang in selected 201 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.All patients were randomly divided into two groups:108 with Xuezhikang therapy and 93 without Xuezhikang therapy.The mean follow-up period was 22 months.The blood glucose and blood pressure of all patients were under control.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly low-ered and their decreased percentages were significantly higher in Xuezhikang therapy group(P<0.05).The num-ber of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening was significantly lower in group of Xuezhikang therapy(P=0.024).With stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis,the decreased percentage of TG was significantly and independently related with the decreased number of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening(P=0.005).The study demonstrates that Xuezhikang therapy is effec-tive on modulating dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients,and may be related with the improve-ment of early atherosclerosis.展开更多
Background Xuezhikang is a traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of Xuezhikang on vascular remodeling and aortic fibers in spontaneously hypertensiv...Background Xuezhikang is a traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of Xuezhikang on vascular remodeling and aortic fibers in spontaneously hypertensive rats remains unclear. Methods Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) aged 8 weeks were randomized into three groups: SHRs control group(SHRs group, n = 10), group treated with low dose Xuezhikang(XZK-L,20 mg/kg/d, n = 10) and group treated with high dose Xuezhikang(XZK-H, 200 mg/kg/d, n = 10). The normal group was comprised of ten Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats of the same age. While under pentobarbital anesthesia, in vivo aortic stiffness was determined by a pulse wave velocity(PWV) technique and measured locally in the descending thoracic aorta by Doppler ultrasound echocardiography. Fixed tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, masson trichrome, aldehyde-fuchsin and Gordon-Sweets stain. Results The PWV, thicknesses of the aortic wall, wall-to-lumen(W/L) ratio, elastic fibers thicknesses and collagen volume fraction were measured. XZK-L and XZK-H groups were observed to be significantly greater than those in the normal group(P 〈 0.01). The levels of PWV, W/L ratio and collagen fibers were observed to be significantly reduced in the XZK-H group when compared with the control group(P 〈 0.05). There was no significance in reticular fiber distributing between the XZK-treated group and SHR group. The reticular fibers in SHR rats were obviously more than those of WKY rats. Conclusion The hypertensive vascular remodeling is associated with changes of elastic fibers and collagen and reticular fibers. Xuezhikang improves hypertensive vascular remodeling by repairing the elastic fibers and inhibiting the levels of collagen.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of Xuezhikang capsule (XZK,血脂康胶囊) on blood lipids level, platelet activation and coagulation-fibrinolysis activity in patients with hyerlipidemia. Methods: Seventy-six patients of hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups, the XZK group (n=38) treated with XZK 600mg, taken two times per day and the Simvastatin (SIM) group (n = 38) treated with SIM 20mg per day, with the treatment lasting 8 weeks for both groups. Levels of fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), plasma GMP-140, fibrinogen (FIB), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-) and prothrombin time (PT) were all measured before and 8 weeks after treatment. Data were compared before and after treatment and also compared with those measured in 20 healthy subjects of control. Results: Before treantment the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were obviously higher and HDL-C level was significantly lower in hyperlipidemia patients than those in healthy subjects (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 4-8 weeks of XZK treatment, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and FIB and activities of GMP-140 and PAI-1 were obviously lowered (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). But in the SIM group there was no obvious change in FIB (P>0.05), instead it showed obvious increase of HDL-C and decrease of TC and LDL-C after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: XZK could inhibit platelet activity and improve coagulation-fibrinolysis function, besides its lipids lowering effect.
文摘Objective: To observe the effects of Xuezhikang (red yeast rice) on blood lipids, blood rheology, and expression of P65 and tissue factor, and to explore the anti-atherosclerosis effect and related mechanisms of Xuezhikang (red yeast rice). Methods: 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, Xuezhikang treatment group, lovastatin treatment group and atherosclerosis model group (8 in each group). Blood lipids, blood rheology, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and expression of aortic tissue factor (TF) and P65 were measured in each group. Results:(1) Both Xuezhikang and lovastatin could reduce blood lipid levels, but there was no significant difference between the two groups;(2) Both Xuezhikang and lovastatin can improve the hemorheology of atherosclerotic rats, but the difference between the two groups is not significant;(3) Compared with lovastatin, Xuezhikang inhibited the expression of TF and P65 in aorta of rats with atherosclerosis;(4) Compared with lovastatin, the Xuezhikang group had lower MDA levels and higher T-AOC. Conclusion: Xuezhikang can improve blood lipid levels and hemorheology in rats with atherosclerosis. Compared with lovastatin, Xuezhikang has stronger effects on inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating the expression of tissue factor and P65.
文摘Objectives In addition to its lipid-lowering properties, statin decreases the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) resulting in reduction of cardiovascular events. However, information about discontinuation of statin therapy in stable cardiac patients is limited. This was a prospective cohort study to explore whether withdrawal of statin treatment could result in rebound of inflammation in patients with stable angina pectofis in a short-term course. Methods and Results 75 patients with stable angina pectoris were randomly divided into three groups: ① Pretreatment with Xuezhikang (XZK, an extract of cholestin) for 6 weeks and then replaced by placebo; ②Treatment with XZK throughout the study; ③ Placebo. Lipid levels, highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) and serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were assessed before receiving the XZK therapy, 1 day before discontinuation of XZK, and on day 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 after discontinuation of XZK, respectively. At day 14 after discontinuation of XZK therapy, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride significantly increased, whereas HDL-C level significantly decreased. The median level of hs-CRP increased significantly from the second day after withdrawal of XZK therapy. There was a prominent rebound of hs-CRP concentration 3 days after discontinuation of XZK therapy. 7 to 14 days after discontinuation of XZK therapy, the hs-CRP concentration declined to a similar level as in the placebo group. Elevated eTnT level did not occur throughout the study course in either guroup Conclusios Short-term discontinuation of statin therapy could induce a rapid rebound phenomenon of inflammatory response independently of changes of lipid parameters. However, it was not enough to induce myocardial injury in this cohort of patients with stable angina peetoris.
文摘Objectives To study the effects of XUEZHIKANG on lipid modulating and the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OX - LDL), C -reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen(FIB) in serum. Methods XUEZHIKANG was given to patients with unstable angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia at a dose of 0. 6 gram bid for 2 months and with half -dose for another 2 months. Vitamin E was given to unstable angina pectoris patients with normal lipid at the dose of 0. 1 gram bid for 4 months respectively. Then compared the level of lipid and OX - LDfL, CRP, FIB in serum at beginning, first - month and second -month. Results XUEZHIKANG can reduce the serum level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in 1 month , and gained better effect in 2 months. It can also reduce triglyceride and increase high density lipoprotein in 2 months. Compared with vitamin E XUEZHIKANG can reduce the level of OX - LDL, CRP, FIB significantly after treatment for 2 months. Conclusions XUEZHIKANG has significant effect in lipid modulating , and it can also inhibit the development of inflammation in coronary plaque.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊) on the serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia,and to explore whether it has anti-inflammatory effect.Methods:A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned to two groups with stratified block randomization, the treatment group(42 cases) and the control group(42 cases).They were treated with Xuezhikang Capsule and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule for twenty-four weeks,respectively.The changes in serum TNF-αand IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and at the 12th and 24th week. Results:Compared with those before treatment,the serum levels of TNF-αand IL-6 significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(P〈0.01).There was no significant change between the two groups for the treatments at different time points(P〉0.05) and between the two groups for treatments at the same time points (P〉0.05).Conclusion:Xuezhikang Capsule can inhibit the serum inflammatory factor in patients with NAFLD and hyperlipidemia.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of combined therapy with Xuezhikang Capsule(血脂康胶囊,XZK) and Valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and heart rate turbulence(HRT) in hypertensive patients. Methods:Ninety primary hypertensive patients with LVH were randomly assigned to three groups.Basic treatment,including aspirin,β-blockers,calcium antagonists,etc.were administered to all patients.Additionally, Valsartan(VS,80 mg once a day) was given to the 30 patients in the VS group.Valsartan(in the same dosage) and XZK(600 mg,twice a day) were given to the 32 patients in the Chinese medicine(CM) group,while none was given to the 28 patients in the control group.The therapeutic course lasted for 24 months.Changes in left ventricular mass index(LVMI) measured by cardiac ultrasonic indices,HRT parameters,including the original heart rate(TO) and slope coefficient(TS),systolic and diastolic blood pressures(SBP and DBP),as well as blood cholesterol level(TC) were measured before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,TO and LVMI were lowered,while TS increased in both the VS group and the CM group(P〈0.01),but changed insignificantly in the control group.Significant differences between the CM group and the control group were shown in terms of TO,LVMI,SBP,DBP and TS(P〈0.01);and between the CM group and the VS group in terms of TO,LVMI and TS(P〈0.01).Moreover,HRT parameters showed an evident correlation with LVMI(r=0.519-0.635,P〈0.01). Conclusion:Combined therapy with XZK and Valsartan can improve hypertensive LVH and HRT parameters, and lessen the damage on the autonomous nervous system.
文摘Objective:To investigate the impacts of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK)or pravastatin combined with antihypertensive drugs on circulating endothelial progenitor cells(CEPCs)in essential hypertensive (EH)patients.Methods:Eighty-eight EH patients were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to the antihypertensive drug treatment group(ATH group,29 cases),the pravastatin treatment group(PRA group,29 cases)and the Xuezhikang treatment group(XZK group,30 cases).Patients in the 3 groups were treated with routine antihy...
基金This work was supported in part by the Capital Special Foundation of Clinical Application Research(Z121107001012015)%Capital Health Development Fund(201614035, 2011400302)%Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7131014)%CAMS Major Collaborative Innovation Project(2016-I2M-1-011)%PUMC Youth Fund(2016-XHQN06)
文摘Background: Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the effects of XZK on athero-sclerosis (AS) in humans has been reported less frequently. In the present study, we investigated the impact of XZK on lipoprotein subfractions, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: From October 2015 to July 2016, 40 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 subjects with dyslipidemia received XZK 1200 mg/day for 8 weeks (XZK group); 20 additional healthy subjects who did not receive therapy acted as controls. The plasma lipoprotein subfractions, oxLDL, and IL-6 were examined at baseline and again at 8 weeks. Results: Data showed that XZK could significantly decrease not only plasma LDL-C levels (87.26 ± 24.45 vs. 123.34 ± 23.99, P<0.001), total cholesterol (4.14 ± 0.87 vs. 5.08 ± 1.03, P<0.001), triglycerides (0.95 ± 0.38 vs. 1.55 ± 0.61, P<0.05), and apolipoprotein B (1.70 ± 0.35 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72, P<0.05), but also oxLDL (36.36 ± 5.31 vs. 49.20 ± 15.01, P<0.05) and IL-6 (8.50 ± 7.40 vs. 10.40 ± 9.49, P<0.05). At the same time, XZK reduced the concentration of small LDL-C (1.78 ± 2.17 vs. 6.33 ± 7.78, P<0.05) and the percentage of the small LDL subfraction (1.09 ± 1.12 vs. 3.07 ± 3.09, P<0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with 1200 mg/day XZK for 8 weeks significantly decreased the atherogenic small LDL subfraction and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, in addition to affecting the lipid profile, suggesting multiple beneficial effects in coronary artery disease.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Xuezhikang(血脂康, XZK) on renal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats and the possible mechanism. Methods: Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal, model and XZK groups. In each group, the rats were further randomly divided into 3-month and 6-month subgroups, respectively. Diabetes of rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozocin at 60 mg/kg body weight. Rats in the XZK group received gastric perfusion of XZK(1200 mg/kg body weight) everyday for 3 or 6 months, while rats in the normal and model groups received equal volume of saline. Twenty-four hours' urine was collected for urinary albumin excretion(UAE) measurement. Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining were used for saccharides and collagen detection. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was investigated by Td T-mediated d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Cytochrome C(Cyt C) and caspase-9 concentration were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the model group, XZK treatment could significantly decrease the kidney hypertrophy index, 24 h UAE, renal cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic Cyt C level and active caspase-9 level, as well as suppress the increment of Bax and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, leading to the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 3 and 6 months(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Moreover, XZK treatment could alleviate the deposition of PAS-stained saccharides and Masson's trichromestained collagen to different extent. Conclusions: Renal cell apoptosis was observed in diabetic kidney, in which mitochondrial apoptotic pathway might be involved. XZK treatment could attenuate pathological changes in diabetic kidney and reduce renal cell apoptosis, probably via the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which lead to inhibition of Cyt C release and following caspase-9 activation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070171 and 81241121)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20111106110013)Fund of Capital Special Foundation of Clinical Application Research(No.Z121107001012015)
文摘Objective:To investigate the short- and long-term effects of Xuezhikang(血脂康,XZK),an extract of Cholestin,on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) level.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups and were given saline,XZK 1,200 mg/kg or lovastatin 10 mg/kg respectively by daily gavage for 3 days(n=10 for each).Sixteen patients without previous iipid-lowering drug treatment for dyslipidemia received XZK 1,200 mg daily for 8 weeks.Fasting blood samples and liver tissue were collected at day 3 for rats,while the blood samples were obtained at baseline and week 8 from patients.The serum PCSK9 and lipid profile were measured.The expression of hepatic low density lipoprotein(LDL) receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SREBP-2) were measured by real time-PCR.Results:PCSK9 levels in rats were significantly increased in the XZK and lovastatin groups(P=0.002,P=0.003 vs.control) at day 3,while no significant differences were found in the levels of lipid parameters.PCSK9 levels in patients increased by34%(P=0.006 vs.baseline) accompanied by total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased by 22%and 28%(P=0.001,P=0.002 vs.baseline).The hepatic mRNA levels of LDL-receptor and SREBP-2 were significantly increased in the XZK and lovastatin groups.Conclusion:XZK has significant impact on PCSK9 in a short- and long-term manner in both rats and humans.Moreover,the data indicated that as lovastatin,XZK increased PCSK9 levels through SREBP-2 pathway.
文摘Background Recent researches have found that stains can improve acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury which is achieved by inhibiting inflammatory reaction.Xuezhikang is extracted from red rice,a tailor-made Chinese crude drug.Main component of Xuezhikang that can inhibit blood-fat is statins.Methods Forty healthy SD rats (half male and half female,200 g or so) were randomly divided into four groups:A:normal control;B:sham operation;C:MIR group;D:Xuezhikang group.The acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was produced.Infarct sizes,MYO,CK-MB,cTnI,IL-10 and IL-18 were detected after reperfusion.Results Compared with C and D group,in A and B group,infarct size were increased significantly (P 0.01),the level of serum MYO,CK-MB,cTnI were increased significantly (P 0.01),the level of IL-10 were decreased significantly (P 0.01) and IL-18,CRP were increased significantly (P 0.01).Compared with C group,infarct size were decreased significantly (P 0.05),the level of serum MYO,CK-MB and cTnI were increased significantly(P 0.05),the level of IL-10 were increased significantly (P 0.05) and IL-18 were decreased significantly (P 0.05).The level of IL-10 and IL-18 were no difference between A and B group.Conclusion The application of Xuezhikang capsules on rats before the operation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion can lessen inflammatory reaction and reduce infarct sizes and protect acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703932)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7144205)+2 种基金The Youth Talent Fund of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Health Administration Grants(No.QML20190605)Beijing Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.JJ-2020-01)Science and Technology Plan of Chaoyang District,Beijing(No.CYSF2027)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of Xuezhikang on the markers of the serum lipid levels of cholesterol synthesis and absorption in early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia,and preliminarily explore its lipid-lowering mechanism.Methods:A total of 90 early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled from December,2014 to May,2016 from Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,who were randomly allocated to receive Xuezhikang(1200 mg/d,orally)or atorvastatin(10 mg/d,orally)according to a random number table.Serum levels of some related biomarkers,including cholesterol synthesis markers(squalene,dihydrocholesterol,dehydrocholesterol,and lathosterol),and absorption markers(campesterol,stigmasterol,and sitosterol)as well as safety indices were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks of the intervention.Results:Eight weeks after treatment,both Xuezhikang and atorvastatin significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density cholesterol compared to baseline(all P<0.01).Xuezhikang significantly reduced the levels of squalene,dehydrocholesterol and lathosterol compared to baseline(all P<0.01),but atorvastatin only significantly reduced the level of squalene(P<0.01),compared to baseline.All cholesterol absorption markers showed no significant differences before and after treatment(P>0.05),however,a more obvious downward trend was shown in the Xuezhikang group.In addition,all the safety indices showed no significant differences between the two groups.Although the creatinekinase level in the Xuezhikang group was significantly higher,it remained within the safe range.Conclusions:Xuezhikang may have more comprehensive effects on the markers of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in early menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia through ergosterol and flavonoids in its"natural polypill."
基金supported by National Ministry of Science and Technology“The 10th five-year project”(No.2001-BA702B01)。
文摘The modulatory effect of Xuezhikang on dysli-pidemia and the preventive effect on atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were studied.A prospective clinical trial was conducted to test the effec-tiveness of Xuezhikang in selected 201 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.All patients were randomly divided into two groups:108 with Xuezhikang therapy and 93 without Xuezhikang therapy.The mean follow-up period was 22 months.The blood glucose and blood pressure of all patients were under control.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly low-ered and their decreased percentages were significantly higher in Xuezhikang therapy group(P<0.05).The num-ber of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening was significantly lower in group of Xuezhikang therapy(P=0.024).With stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis,the decreased percentage of TG was significantly and independently related with the decreased number of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening(P=0.005).The study demonstrates that Xuezhikang therapy is effec-tive on modulating dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients,and may be related with the improve-ment of early atherosclerosis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(No.2015A030313583/2018A030313391)
文摘Background Xuezhikang is a traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of Xuezhikang on vascular remodeling and aortic fibers in spontaneously hypertensive rats remains unclear. Methods Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) aged 8 weeks were randomized into three groups: SHRs control group(SHRs group, n = 10), group treated with low dose Xuezhikang(XZK-L,20 mg/kg/d, n = 10) and group treated with high dose Xuezhikang(XZK-H, 200 mg/kg/d, n = 10). The normal group was comprised of ten Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats of the same age. While under pentobarbital anesthesia, in vivo aortic stiffness was determined by a pulse wave velocity(PWV) technique and measured locally in the descending thoracic aorta by Doppler ultrasound echocardiography. Fixed tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, masson trichrome, aldehyde-fuchsin and Gordon-Sweets stain. Results The PWV, thicknesses of the aortic wall, wall-to-lumen(W/L) ratio, elastic fibers thicknesses and collagen volume fraction were measured. XZK-L and XZK-H groups were observed to be significantly greater than those in the normal group(P 〈 0.01). The levels of PWV, W/L ratio and collagen fibers were observed to be significantly reduced in the XZK-H group when compared with the control group(P 〈 0.05). There was no significance in reticular fiber distributing between the XZK-treated group and SHR group. The reticular fibers in SHR rats were obviously more than those of WKY rats. Conclusion The hypertensive vascular remodeling is associated with changes of elastic fibers and collagen and reticular fibers. Xuezhikang improves hypertensive vascular remodeling by repairing the elastic fibers and inhibiting the levels of collagen.