文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)研究进展

综述了文冠果 (XanthocerassorbifoliaBunge .)的落花落果、雄性不育、遗传变异、快繁及药用等方面的研究进展。认为造成文冠果“千花一果”的生理原因可能在于树体营养不足 ;导致雄性不育的主要原因可能在于花药难以开裂散粉 ,其次才是花粉败育 ;文冠果花瓣等突变体的发现及体细胞胚培养成功 ,为优选、快繁新品种及研究木本植物的各个器官的形态建成分子机理等提供了条件 ,但文冠果的资源在逐年减少 ,有待尽快加以保护和利用 ;

A Novel Protoilludane Sesquiterpene from the Wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Evaluation of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seed kernel oil from 13 areas in China

Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.

Identification of superior clones by RAPD technology in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge.

It is very important to select and identify superior Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge. trees for purposes of breeding and exploration. For our study, we selected superior X. sorbifolia trees using RAPD （random amplification of polymorphic DNA） technology. The results show that certain specific amplification bands emerged with significantly different frequencies between superior and non-superior trees. The 1400-bp band of No. 2121 primer emerged in the superior trees at a frequency 2.4 times that of the non-superior trees and the 600-bp band of No. 2153 primer in the non-superior trees at a frequency 2.5 times that of the superior trees There were very significant differences between the superior and non-superior trees. The frequency of the 1600-bp band of No. 1161 primer was the same in both kinds of trees, but significant differences were observed in point frequency （the frequency of the superior trees is 1,4 times that of the non-superior trees）. These bands can be used as important targets to distinguish between superior and non-superior trees. The use of a combination of amplified bands simultaneously can play a guiding role in the selection of superior X. sorbifolia trees.

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge)的花粉及其生活力的研究

文冠果是我国特有的树种,解放以前不受重视,解放以来已发展为我国北方的一种木木油料植物。大面积栽培文冠果,由于文冠果结果率低,产量提高受到限制。因此,探明文冠果结果率不高的原因是发展文冠果的当务之急。本试验研究了文冠果花粉发芽的条件,给文冠果授粉,受精的研究和生产上微量元素的应用提供一些基础资料。文冠果是杂性花,除个别崎形发育的植株上着生雌雄蕊都退化的重瓣花以外。

Pistil Development in 2 Types of Flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

In order to investigate flower development and female abortion during sex differentiation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, anatomical observations and comparative study on differential proteins were carried out in different developmental stages of two types of flowers of this species. It was found that the selective abortion happened in male flower before the formation of megasporo- cyte. Special proteins related to the female abortion were found through 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis. Protein A1 (14.2 kD) only existed in florescence of male flower, while B1 (13.7 kD) and B2 (18.2 kD) disappeared in that stage of male flower. They were all considered to be relative to pistil abortion of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.

Afforestation Technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.

We conducted the study on afforestation technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in combination with ecological environment features of Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province. Results show that it is proper to adopt "sunny gentle slope+fish-scale pit+planting on ridges after dipping mud+stumping in autumn" for afforestation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the Loess Plateau. It is expected that our study can play a significant role in guiding popularization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the northwest of China.

A Study on the Pyrolytic Characteristics of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Husk and Its Crude Cellulose Extract

Huge amounts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia husks(XSH)are typically discarded after oil extraction.Since pyrolysis represents a promising solution to harness the bio-energy of XSH,in the present work the pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of XSH and related crude cellulose extract(CCE)were studied considering different rates of heating(10,30 and 50℃ min^(-1)).The pyrolysis activation energy,pre-exponential factors and mechanism function were computed using different models namely Popescu,FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)and KAS(Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose).The pyrolysis process was articulated into three stages:dehydration(Stage I),primary devolatilization(Stage II),residual decomposition(Stage III).Marked variations in the average activation energy,thermal stability,final residuals and rate of reaction were noted.Stage II of XSH and CCE could be described by the Avramic-Erofeev equations.The average activation energies of XSH and CCE were found to be 269 and 296 kJ mol^(-1),respectively.

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge)无性繁殖技术总结

该文综述了近年来文冠果的扦插繁殖、嫁接繁殖、组织培养等繁殖技术方面的研究,并分析现有的技术途径的效果,期望对文冠果的种植推广提供依据。

Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Objective: To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.Methods: The AlCl3colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti-oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase(PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.Results: Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti-oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

文冠果花中具有抗AD活性三萜的定性与定量分析

目的建立UPLC-QTOF-MS法对文冠果花中8种三萜类化合物进行定性定量分析。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),以体积分数0.1%甲酸水为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min^(-1),电喷雾离子源(ESI),在正、负离子模式下进行分析。结果通过与对照品的色谱和质谱数据进行比较,在文冠果花中共鉴定了8个三萜类化合物的结构;在同一实验条件下,可以完成8个组分的定量分析,方法学验证均符合要求,定量测定结果表明,与花(330.6μg·g^(-1))相比,花苞中三萜类化合物的含量较高(384.5μg·g^(-1))。结论所建立的UPLC-QTOF-MS方法适用于文冠果花中三萜类化合物的定性与定量分析,为文冠果花的合理应用和质量控制提供了理论依据。

文冠果食药资源的开发与应用研究进展

文冠果是我国独有的珍贵木本类油料树种兼药用植物,在食品、医药、生态、人文等领域具有较大的研究价值和发展潜力。文冠果研究部位主要涉及到文冠果的种子、叶、花、果壳和茎木;化学成分主要包括蛋白质、脂肪酸、黄酮类、三萜类、植物甾醇和香豆素类;功能活性主要包括抗氧化及抑菌、抗肿瘤及抗病毒、改善记忆及神经保护、抗炎症、抗肥胖及降血脂、免疫调节等。由于文冠果种类差异大、野生种坐果率低、知名度小等原因,导致对文冠果的研究不深入、不全面,其资源没有得到较好的开发利用,目前国家大力支持木本油料发展,因此发展文冠果及其产业意义深远。文章综述了文冠果各部位的研究现状、化学成分、功能活性、在食品和医药方面的应用,以期为文冠果的研究、开发和应用提供参考。

IBA对文冠果硬枝扦插根系形态指标的影响

对文冠果硬枝扦插苗生根根系形态特征进行定量分析,研究其根系总长度、根系总表面积、总体积等根系形态指标及其与IBA浓度变化的关系。结果表明:与清水对照(CK)相比较,IBA显著(P<0.05)提高了插穗根系总根长、总表面积、总体积形态指标;随着IBA浓度的升高,根系各形态指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,总根长和总表面积峰值均出现在IBA浓度为800mg/L,且生根率达到了65.40%;经IBA处理的插穗生根根系主要分布在径级>2.0mm区间;根系总根长、总表面积、总体积与IBA浓度相关性均达到显著性水平。经回归分析,当IBA浓度保持在795～820mg/L时,文冠果插穗可获得较高的根系形态指标。

IBA对文冠果嫩枝扦插生根过程中2种氧化酶活性的影响

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)属于难生根树种,为了解其生根过程中氧化酶活性的变化规律,用300、500mg.L-1的吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理文冠果嫩枝插条,以清水浸泡为对照,测定扦插生根过程中体内多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)变化。结果表明,经IBA处理的枝条和对照组变化趋势相似,在文冠果硬枝扦插生根过程中POD的活性呈升-降-升-降的变化规律,而PPO则表现出先平稳-升高-下降又升高的趋势,并且在不同处理下,各阶段酶活性均有明显差异,其中以500mg.L-1 IBA处理对文冠果嫩枝扦插生根的促进生根效果明显。

文冠果油神经酸乙酯对脱髓鞘小鼠脂肪酸、血脂的影响

目的探究文冠果油神经酸乙酯对双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone,CPZ)诱导的脱髓鞘小鼠脂肪酸、血脂的影响。方法SPF级雌性昆明小鼠50只,除空白组(KO)外,通过在饲料中加入0.25%CPZ饲喂雌性昆明小鼠造模并分为模型组(CPZ)、神经酸乙酯低剂量组(NA-L,0.001912 mL/g)、神经酸乙酯中剂量组(NA-M,0.003824 mL/g)、神经酸乙酯高剂量组(NA-H,0.007648 mL/g),持续5周至实验结束。于造模2周后开始给药至第5周结束后取材,并通过气相色谱仪、血脂仪分别检测文冠果油神经酸乙酯对CPZ诱导的脱髓鞘小鼠脑组织、肝脏、心脏、血清、粪便里的脂肪酸含量及血液中血脂水平的影响。结果与KO组相比,CPZ组脱髓鞘小鼠脑组织、肝脏、心脏中神经酸、芥酸含量显著下降(P<0.05);与CPZ组相比,NA-L、NA-M、NA-H组小鼠脑组织、肝脏、心脏、血清、粪便中的神经酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05),其中KO、CPZ组小鼠血清、粪便中未检测到神经酸和芥酸,NA-L、NA-M、NA-H组小鼠血清、粪便中含有一定量的神经酸和芥酸;与KO组相比,CPZ组血脂升高;与CPZ组相比,NA-L、NA-M、NA-H组均可降低血液中的甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)含量,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量。结论在饲料中添加0.25%CPZ诱导小鼠脱髓鞘会导致小鼠血脂升高,降低小鼠体内神经酸、芥酸含量,脱髓鞘疾病与神经酸的积累有关,脱髓鞘疾病会导致神经酸的供应受损。在这种情况下,文冠果油神经酸乙酯提取物能够增加脱髓鞘小鼠体内神经酸及芥酸含量,提高脑组织不饱和脂肪酸含量,调节脱髓鞘小鼠血脂水平。此外,神经酸、芥酸参与脱髓鞘小鼠体内代谢,并在小鼠体内共存,文冠果油神经酸乙酯提取物可作为脱髓鞘小鼠补充神经酸的外源性物质。

文冠果子壳活性炭对Pb^(2+)的吸附及解吸

以废弃的文冠果子壳为原料,通过Zn;Cl2活化法制备活性炭。利用SEM-EDX技术,对文冠果子壳活性炭吸附前后元素组成进行分析。探讨吸附时间、吸附温度、p;H以及Pb^(2+)初始浓度对吸附的影响,考察时间、温度、稀硝酸浓度对解吸的影响,分析其吸附热力学性质和动力学特性,初步探讨吸附机理。研究结果表明:在吸附温度30℃,Pb^(2+)初始浓度0.003;2;mol/L,p;H;5.0,吸附40;min,吸附量最大可达656.54;mg/g;当稀HNO_3浓度0.06mol/L,温度60℃,解吸40;min,解吸率最大可达96.13%;活性炭对Pb^(2+)吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,其吸附动力学过程以准二级动力学方程拟合效果最好;在303~323;K温度范围内,活性炭吸附Pb^(2+)的吉布斯自由能ΔGo<0、焓变ΔHo<0、熵变ΔSo<0,表明活性炭对Pb^(2+)吸附是一个自发的放热过程。

内蒙古中西部地区文冠果栽培与管理技术

文冠果作为我国特有的树种之一,具有极高的药用和食用价值。从种子处理、育苗地选择、育苗、水分管理及病虫害防治等方面介绍了内蒙古西部地区文冠果栽培管理技术,以期为内蒙古西部地区文冠果的大规模种植和工业化生产提供参考。

蒙药文冠木配方颗粒指纹图谱及含量测定研究

目的建立蒙药文冠木配方颗粒的高效液相色谱方法指纹图谱及指标成分的含量测定,为评价蒙药文冠木配方颗粒的质量提供参考。方法色谱柱:COSMOSIL 5C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相采用乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,流速1 mL·min^(-1),梯度洗脱,检测波长270 nm,建立15批蒙药文冠木配方颗粒指纹图谱,同时对14种成分进行含量测定。结果建立了蒙药材文冠木配方颗粒的指纹图谱,相似度均大于0.900,共标定了21个共有峰,指认了其中14种成分,并对指认的成分进行含量测定。结论建立的指纹图谱及含量测定方法准确,稳定性好,可为蒙药材文冠木配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考。

文冠果基因组无内含子基因生物信息学分析

对文冠果无内含子基因在不同染色体上的分布特征进行分析,并且研究了复制关系、KEGG富集及环境响应相关基因启动子区域中的顺式作用元件。结果表明,从文冠果基因组中鉴定出1858个无内含子基因,占基因总数的7.40%。每条染色体上无内含子基因数量占染色体上基因总数的5.64%~9.07%,并且与该染色体长度及基因总数均存在正相关关系。基因染色体定位分析表明,无内含子基因更偏向分布于染色体的两端,而且超过90%的旁系同源对的K_(a)/K_(s)值小于1,说明文冠果无内含子基因在进化过程中主要经历纯化选择。无内含子基因的长度主要集中在201~1400 bp,而且平均长度明显短于总基因平均长度。KEGG富集分析表明,文冠果无内含子基因主要参与环境信息处理过程,并且在与环境胁迫响应相关基因的启动子区域发现大量与植物激素响应及胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件。

响应面优化文冠果油基生物柴油制备工艺

为探究文冠果油在生物柴油产业中应用前景,以SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-CeO_(2)-杭锦2#土(SZCe-HJ)为催化剂,采用中心复合(CCD)实验设计方法,通过改变对生物柴油产率影响最大的四个因素:反应时间-X_(1)、醇油摩尔比比-X_(2)、催化剂用量-X_(3)和反应时间-X_(4),考察生物柴油产率-Y的变化,并对实验数据进行拟合,建立数学模型。研究结果表明:该模型能够准确估算SZCe-HJ催化文冠果油制备生物柴油的产率。醇油摩尔比达到8.21:1、催化剂用量达到2.66 wt.%、反应时间持续8.65 h,生物柴油产率最高将达到62.76%。