Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Objective: To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.Methods: The AlCl3colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti-oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase(PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.Results: Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti-oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

不同地区文冠果种仁营养成分的差异性

对不同地区文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)种仁营养成分进行差异性分析。以内蒙古翁牛特旗、阿鲁科尔沁旗和吉林白城市洮南市黑水镇、松原市长龙乡4个地区的文冠果为研究对象,采用主成分分析法对其种仁油脂含量、脂肪酸组分、蛋白质含量以及可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明,不同地区文冠果种仁含油量、脂肪酸组分、蛋白质和可溶性糖均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),文冠果种子品质相关性受海拔、降水、土壤等外界因素影响较大。说明文冠果果仁油品质与其生长地理位置、生态环境相关,结果可为文冠果果仁油品质评价提供参考。

不同土壤类型和播种深度对文冠果种子出苗率的影响

为加快文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)良种繁育进程,进行播种育苗试验。采取沙藏方法处理种子,研究了不同土壤类型和播种深度对文冠果种子出苗率的影响。结果表明:不同类型土壤要选择适宜的播种深度才能达到最佳出苗效果。其中沙壤土播种深度为4~5cm时出苗率最高,达89.67%;土壤较为黏重的条件下要适当浅播,最佳播种深度为3~4 cm。

文冠果春节开花促控技术

以5年生文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)‘凤冠霞帔’栽培品种的嫁接植株做为试验材料,设定3种低温处理方式,以实现其在较短的时间内,获得打破休眠所需的低温积累,再通过升温打破其休眠,促使其在春节期间开花,探寻一种让文冠果在春节开花的有效途径。通过多年物候观测,文冠果‘凤冠霞帔’在试验地的自然花期是4月下旬,最佳观赏期8~10 d。试验通过花期调控技术手段,让文冠果‘凤冠霞帔’的花期提前100天开放,在不同环境温度下,其最佳花期呈现出4~8 d不等的差异。

红花文冠果‘辽红1号’选育

通过优良单株发现与培育、无性系测定、繁殖试验、多点引种试验评价,最终选择培育出文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)良种‘辽红1号’。其花红色鲜艳稠密、花期长,观赏价值高,同时具有一定的经济产量,是良好的绿化经济兼顾树种。