An improved algorithm based on equivalent sound velocity profile method at large incident angle

With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical equivalent sound speed profile(ESSP)method replaces the measured sound velocity profile(SVP)with a simple constant gradient SVP,reducing the computational workload of beam positioning.However,in deep-sea environment,the depth measurement error of this method rapidly increases from the central beam to the edge beam.By analyzing the positioning error of the ESSP method at edge beam,it is discovered that the positioning error increases monotonically with the incident angle,and the relationship between them could be expressed by polynomial function.Therefore,an error correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is obtained.The simulation experiment conducted on an inclined seafloor shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable efficiency to the original ESSP method,while significantly improving bathymetry accuracy by nearly eight times in the edge beam.

Study on the optimal incident proton energy of ^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is recognized as a precise binary targeted radiotherapy technique that effectively eliminates tumors through the^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li nuclear reaction.Among various neutron sources,accelerator-based sources have emerged as particularly promising for BNCT applications.The^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be reaction is highly regarded as a potential neutron source for BNCT,owing to its low threshold energy for the reaction,significant neutron yield,appropriate average neutron energy,and additional benefits.This study utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the physical interactions within a lithium target subjected to proton bombardment,including neutron moderation by an MgF_(2)moderator and subsequent BNCT dose analysis using a Snyder head phantom.The study focused on calculating the yields of epithermal neutrons for various incident proton energies,finding an optimal energy at 2.7 MeV.Furthermore,the Snyder head phantom was employed in dose simulations to validate the effectiveness of this specific incident energy when utilizing a^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for BNCT purposes.

GNSS array receiver faced with overloaded interferences:anti-jamming performance and the incident directions of interferences

Anti-jamming solutions based on antenna arrays enhance the anti-jamming ability and the robustness of global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receiver remarkably.However,the performance of the receiver will deteriorate significantly in the overloaded interferences scenario.We define the overloaded interferences scenario as where the number of interferences is more than or equal to the number of antenna arrays elements.In this paper,the effect mechanism of interferences with different incident directions is found by studying the anti-jamming performance of the adaptive space filter.The theoretical analysis and conclusions,which are first validated through numerical examples,reveal the relationships between the optimal weight vector and the eigenvectors of the input signal autocorrelation matrix,the relationships between the interference cancellation ratio(ICR),the signal to interference and noise power ratio(SINR)of the adaptive space filter output and the number of interferences,the eigenvalues of the input signal autocorrelation matrix.In addition,two simulation experiments are utilized to further corroborate the theoretical findings through soft anti-jamming receiver.The simulation results match well with the theoretical analysis results,thus validating the effect mechanism of overloaded interferences.The simulation results show that,for a four elements circular array,the performance difference is up to 19 dB with different incident directions of interferences.Anti-jamming performance evaluation and jamming deployment optimization can obtain more accurate and efficient results by using the conclusions.

Methodology for Automatically Setting Camera View to Mile Marker for Traffic Incident Management

Traffic incident management (TIM) is a FHWA Every Day Counts initiative with the objective of reducing secondary crashes, improving travel reliability, and ensuring safety of responders. Agency roadside cameras play a critical role in TIM by helping dispatchers quickly identify the precise location of incidents when receiving reports from motorists with varying levels of spatial accuracy. Reconciling position reports that are often mile marker based, with cameras that operate in a Pan-Tilt-Zoom coordinate system relies on dispatchers having detailed knowledge for hundreds of cameras and perhaps some presets. During real-time incident dispatching, reducing the time it takes to identify the most relevant cameras and setting their view on the incident is an important opportunity to improve incident management dispatch times. This research develops a camera-to-mile marker mapping technique that automatically sets the camera view to a specified mile marker within the field-of-view of the camera. Over 350 traffic cameras along Indiana’s 2250 directional miles of interstate were mapped to approximately 5000 discrete locations that correspond to approximately 780 directional miles (~35% of interstate) of camera coverage. This newly developed technique will allow operators to quickly identify the nearest camera and set them to the reported location. This research also identifies segments on the interstate system with limited or no camera coverage for decision makers to prioritize future capital investments. This paper concludes with brief discussion on future research to automate the mapping using LiDAR data and to set the cameras after automatically detecting the events using connected vehicle trajectory data.

Water scaling predication for typical sandstone geothermal reservoirs in the Xi'an Depression

The Xi'an Depression in the Guanzhong Basin of western China has been suggested to contain geothermal resources that could aid China in achieving carbon neutrality and optimizing energy structure.However,the high concentration of total dissolved solids(TDS)and scale-forming ions in geothermal water from the depression causes severe scaling problems in harvesting geothermal energy.To reduce scale-related problems,accurate identification of scale types and prediction of scaling during geothermal energy utilization are crucial.This study starts with identifying the types and trends of scaling in the study area,using index-based discriminant methods and hydrogeochemical simulation to calculate and analyze the mineral saturation index of water samples from some wellheads and of reconstructed fluid samples of geothermal reservoirs.The results indicate that the scales are mostly calcium carbonate scales rather than sulfate scales as a result of temperature changes.Several portions of the geothermal water systems are found to have distinct mineral scaling components.Quartz and chalcedony are formed in low temperature areas,while carbonate minerals are in high temperature areas.Despite the low iron content of geothermal water samples from the study area,scaling is very common due to scaling-prone iron minerals.The findings can be used to evaluate geothermal drainage systems and guide anti-scaling during geothermal energy utilization in similar settings.

Unmanned aerial vehicle based intelligent triage system in mass-casualty incidents using 5G and artificial intelligence

BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly depend on the UAV operator’s experience.We used UAVs and artificial intelligence(AI)to provide a new technique for the triage of MCIs and more efficient solutions for emergency rescue.METHODS:This was a preliminary experimental study.We developed an intelligent triage system based on two AI algorithms,namely OpenPose and YOLO.Volunteers were recruited to simulate the MCI scene and triage,combined with UAV and Fifth Generation(5G)Mobile Communication Technology real-time transmission technique,to achieve triage in the simulated MCI scene.RESULTS:Seven postures were designed and recognized to achieve brief but meaningful triage in MCIs.Eight volunteers participated in the MCI simulation scenario.The results of simulation scenarios showed that the proposed method was feasible in tasks of triage for MCIs.CONCLUSION:The proposed technique may provide an alternative technique for the triage of MCIs and is an innovative method in emergency rescue.

Traffic Incident Management Performance Measures: Ranking Agencies on Roadway Clearance Time

This study develops a procedure to rank agencies based on their incident responses using roadway clearance times for crashes. This analysis is not intended to grade agencies but to assist in identifying agencies requiring more training or resources for incident management. Previous NCHRP reports discussed usage of different factors including incident severity, roadway characteristics, number of lanes involved and time of incident separately for estimating the performance. However, it does not tell us how to incorporate all the factors at the same time. Thus, this study aims to account for multiple factors to ensure fair comparisons. This study used 149,174 crashes from Iowa that occurred from 2018 to 2021. A Tobit regression model was used to find the effect of different variables on roadway clearance time. Variables that cannot be controlled directly by agencies such as crash severity, roadway type, weather conditions, lighting conditions, etc., were included in the analysis as it helps to reduce bias in the ranking procedure. Then clearance time of each crash is normalized into a base condition using the regression coefficients. The normalization makes the process more efficient as the effect of uncontrollable factors has already been mitigated. Finally, the agencies were ranked by their average normalized roadway clearance time. This ranking process allows agencies to track their performance of previous crashes, can be used in identifying low performing agencies that could use additional resources and training, and can be used to identify high performing agencies to recognize for their efforts and performance.

Teaching Intercultural Competence Using Critical Incident and Cultural Story Telling

Intercultural literacy is attached increasingly great importance in this interconnected world.People from diversified cultural backgrounds need to interact with each other for various purposes.Schools and organizations offer courses to improve people’s intercultural competence.This paper examines two effective techniques to teach intercultural competence in the classroom setting:critical incident activity and cultural story telling.These two strategies can help achieve the desired objectives of Michael Byram’s intercultural communication model.

2021年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、死亡率与生存率分析

目的:了解2021年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、死亡率与五年生存率,为开展恶性肿瘤防治提供依据。方法:收集整理2021年重庆市新发宫颈癌发病死亡数据,分析2021年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、标化发病率、死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别发病率与死亡率。中国人口标化率采用2000年第五次人口普查标准人口构成进行标化,世界人口标化率采用2000年世界人口构成进行标化。不同性别和地区率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。对2016年新报告的宫颈癌病例进行主动和被动生存随访,采用生存分析寿命表法计算观察生存率,采用乘积极限法(Kaplan-Meier)计算平均生存时间,生存率的比较采用Log Rank of Mantel-Cox进行统计检验。结果:2021年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、中国标化发病率、世界标化发病率分别为21.60/10万、14.64/10万与14.71/10万,宫颈癌发病率农村(23.32/10万)高于城市(17.67/10万)(χ^(2)=6.96,P<0.01)。宫颈癌死亡率、中国标化死亡率、世界标化死亡率分别为5.00/10万、2.79/10万与3.02/10万,宫颈癌死亡率农村(5.65/10万)高于城市(3.53/10万)(χ^(2)=5.42,P=0.02)。2021年重庆市宫颈癌五年生存率为64.32%,城市地区宫颈癌五年生存率(76.35%)高于农村地区(59.79%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.65,P<0.01)。结论:重庆市宫颈癌发病率与死亡率高,五年生存率较低,应重视宫颈癌的防治。

Supervision of Public Opinion under the Background of Social Co-governance-Take the Changsheng Vaccine Incident as an Example

Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance.Methods The method of case analysis was used to make a retrospective study on the Changsheng vaccine incident in 2018.Then the role of mainstream media,pharmaceutical media,and self-media in the supervision of public opinion was investigated.Results and Conclusion Both mainstream and pharmaceutical media played an excellent role in supervising the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident.However,the content published by some pharmaceutical media was hard to understand by ordinary people.Besides,the role of self-media in public opinion supervision was polarized.Some self-media closely kept pace with mainstream media in public opinion supervision.Other self-media unilaterally pursued the click rate,publishing false information to guide wrong public opinion.The news media should optimize the supervision efficiency of drug safety.On the one hand,pharmaceutical media should pay attention to the fact that readers may not understand the difficult terms because they are not professional.On the other hand,self-media practitioners should improve their professional quality so that they will not publish some fake news to mislead public opinion.

A Comparative Study of YīJiàn Xiǎo Shìand A Small Incident Rendered by the Yangs

Lu Xun’s short stories play a prominent role in the history of modern Chinese literature,and a number of Sinologists have studied them and published their English translations.This paper selects“YīJiàn Xiǎo Shì”in Lu Xun’s collection“Call to Arms”as the object of study,taking hypotaxis and parataxis as the starting point,and compares the translation of Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang with the original version,studying the differences between the them in the process of C-E translation.It is hoped that some flexible conversion strategies in English-Chinese translation can be learned from the translation research.

1943—1947年英印对中国领土察隅鲁希特山谷之侵占

1943—1947年,是英印政府侵占“麦克马洪线”以南中国领土的重要时期。毗邻缅甸和印度阿萨姆的中国察隅所属鲁希特山谷具有极其重要的战略地位,英印政府竭力侵占,位于鲁希特河中段的瓦弄成为其侵占的关键。英印军队修建瓦弄哨所,以之作为侵占鲁希特山谷的前哨。继之,英印政府派遣官员巡视鲁希特山谷以构建“官”民关系,修建道路、桥梁以构建交通网络,迁移居民以改变人口结构和生活方式。同时,“调整”“麦克马洪线”,越过瓦弄往北推进。在瓦弄、拉萨和重庆对日玛宗本、噶厦和国民政府施压,企图迫使中国接受其侵占事实。西藏地方政府和国民政府无力应对英印军队的侵占,问题只能搁置下来。

2015~2019年中国居民脑卒中发病与死亡特征分析

目的:分析2015~2019年中国居民脑卒中发病、死亡特征及其变化情况。方法:利用2014年在全国31个省级行政区100个县(市、区)建立的中国心脑血管事件登记系统中2015~2019年脑卒中发病和死亡数据,以监测地区常住人口为分母,计算年度脑卒中粗发病率;以第七次全国人口普查数据为标准人口,采用直接标化法计算年龄标化发病率;运用Joinpoint模型分析脑卒中发病率的年度变化百分比(APC)及变化趋势;以年度脑卒中病例的死亡数量(例)与报告发病数量(例)的比值计算死亡发病比。结果:2019年脑卒中粗发病率为468.48/10万,比2015年升高9.41%(APC=2.12%,95%CI:1.43%~2.82%,P_(trend)<0.01),且男性脑卒中粗发病率高于女性,农村高于城市。男性和女性的粗发病率分别升高11.26%(APC=2.53%,95%CI:1.83%~3.24%,P_(trend)<0.01)和7.26%(APC=1.63%,95%CI:0.81%~2.46%,P_(trend)<0.01)。2019年脑卒中年龄标化发病率为523.82/10万,比2015年下降7.47%(APC=-1.72%,95%CI:-3.23%~-0.20%,P_(trend)<0.05),女性脑卒中年龄标化发病率降低9.56%(APC=-2.27%,95%CI:-3.99%~-0.52%,P_(trend)<0.05),城市脑卒中年龄标化发病率降低13.19%(APC=-3.49%,95%CI:-5.34%~-1.61%,P_(trend)<0.05),城市女性脑卒中年龄标化发病率下降幅度(15.82%,APC=-4.27%,95%CI:-6.34%~-2.15%,P_(trend)<0.01)大于城市男性(11.40%,APC=-2.95%,95%CI:-4.56%~-1.31%,P_(trend)<0.05)。随着年龄的增长脑卒中粗发病率升高。相比2015年,2019年45~49岁年龄段的脑卒中粗发病率升高了12.48%(APC=3.18%,95%CI:1.67%~4.72%,P_(trend)<0.01),而80~84岁年龄段则降低15.76%(APC=-4.39%,95%CI:-7.63%~-1.04%,P_(trend)<0.05)。2015~2019年总体脑卒中死亡发病比为0.19。总体死亡发病比的年龄分布呈现“U”型,50~54岁及55~59岁人群的死亡发病比最低(0.10),之后随年龄增长逐渐升高,≥85岁最高(0.45),且各年龄段的城市死亡发病比均低于农村。结论:2015~2019年间监测地区脑卒中发病形势严峻,存在城乡、年龄、性别的差异化分布。未来有必要加强脑卒中防控,并在年龄、地区广泛覆盖等方面进一步优化。

机动车限行对西安市空气质量的影响及其模型分析

近年来,空气污染已成为限制西安城市人居环境质量提升的重要因素之一。当地政府采取了一系列的措施进行空气污染治理,其中机动车限行政策以其可实施性强、公共投入较少、简单易行等特点而最受青睐。在分析2016―2020年间西安市空气质量变化趋势的基础上,运用R语言针对相关影响因子(限行政策、平均风速、相对湿度和平均温度)与空气质量之间的关系建立了广义相加模型,并进行了拟合分析和相关性检验,结果表明机动车限行政策与西安市空气质量改善具有较明显的相关性。

2013—2022年气象因素对合肥市肺结核发病的影响

目的:分析气象因素对合肥市肺结核发病的影响,为制定肺结核控制策略提供依据。方法:从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集2013—2022年合肥市肺结核周发病数,从合肥市气象局收集同期的气象数据,对二者进行Spearman相关性分析,采用R 4.3.0软件构建分布滞后非线性模型(distributed lag nonlinear model,DLNM),探讨气象因素和肺结核周病例数之间的暴露—滞后效应。结果:2013—2022年合肥市肺结核患者共报告发病41366例,报告发病率从2013年的63.2/10万(4742/7506266)下降至2022年的31.4/10万(2960/9424437),呈波动下降趋势(χ_(线性)^(2)=1622.439,P<0.001)。气温、相对湿度和风速对肺结核发病的影响分别呈现为“M”型、倒“N”型和近似“Z”型分布。气温在4.7℃时对肺结核发病的累积效应最高(CRR=2.261,95%CI:1.422~3.594),低温(P5=2.4℃)在滞后16周情况下肺结核发病风险最大;相对湿度在46.1%时对肺结核发病的累积效应最高(CRR=8.666,95%CI:5.452~13.773),低相对湿度(P_(1)=54.7%)在滞后0周时RR值最大,为1.073(95%CI:1.047~1.100),高相对湿度(P_(99)=93.0%)在滞后0~15周时为肺结核的保护因素;风速在1.2m/s时对肺结核发病的累积效应最高(CRR=1.563,95%CI:1.203~2.031),低风速(P_(1)=1.2m/s)在滞后16周时RR值最大,为1.042(95%CI:1.011~1.073),高风速(P_(99)=3.5m/s)在滞后0~13周时为肺结核的保护因素。结论:气象因素在肺结核发病中起重要作用,且具有非线性和滞后效应,低温、低相对湿度和低风速会增加肺结核发病的风险。

浅谈西安的包容精神——以周秦汉唐为例

周、秦、汉、唐均建都古城长安(今西安)。周人以礼仪贤德包容四海,制礼作乐,统治天下。秦人以宽广的胸怀招贤纳士,秋风扫叶,创建基制,震慑四方。汉人以“大一统”的梦想构筑帝国,始开丝路,融合匈奴,汉匈和睦,天下归一。唐人以开放的心态、宏伟的气势以前朝为鉴,创大唐盛世,胡汉融合,万国来朝。故以周、秦、汉、唐为例,论述西安具有的包容精神,以斑窥豹,就教方家。

迈瑞BC-6800 Plus血小板相关参数参考区间的建立及验证

目的建立并验证西安地区血小板相关参数血小板计数(PLT)、血小板体积分布宽度标准差(PDW-SD)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、大血小板数量(P-LCC)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)的参考区间。方法选择2022年8月至2023年8月在西安交通大学第一附属医院主院区和东院区5153名健康体检成年人群,采用迈瑞Mindray BC-6800 Plus血细胞分析仪检测外周血液,依据《临床实验室如何确定和建立生物参考区间;批准指南》CLSL C28-A3,以非参数法建立PLT、PDW-SD、MPV、PCT、P-LCR、P-LCC、PDW的参考区间。结果健康成年人群男、女不同性别间的PLT、MPV、PCT、P-LCR、P-LCC、PDW比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但PDW-SD比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各年龄段PLT、PCT、P-LCC、PDW间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但MPV、PDW-SD、P-LCR各年龄段间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。标准正态离差检验方法显示无需按照性别、年龄段分组建立参考区间。PLT、MPV、PCT、PDW-SD、P-LCR、P-LCC、PDW的参考区间分别为(148~324)×10^(9)/L、8.4~12.5 fL、0.159%~0.322%、8.8~17.5 fL、15.1%~43.6%、(35~96)×10^(9)/L、15.1~16.8。结论建立并验证西安地区血小板相关参数参考区间,合理选用PDW-SD对异常血小板的识别,对血小板参数的自动审核提供必要的数据支持。

基岩中入射波三维时域反演及自由场构建

基岩入射波一维和二维时域反演不能反映入射方位角和斜入射角的空间任意性,导致构建的自由场可能与实际偏离较远,因此有必要开展基岩入射波三维时域反演研究。基于波函数组合法,利用基岩中P波、SV波和SH波的入射波时程表达地表控制点自由场,建立基于设计地震动的基岩入射波三维时域反演方法,并进一步构建了多波组合斜入射下的空间非一致自由场,分析了基于一维和二维反演方法构建的自由场偏差,揭示了不同反演和自由场构建方法对于沥青混凝土心墙土石坝地震响应的影响机制。结果表明:基于地震动三维反演方法构建的自由场具有空间非一致性,能够更全面地反映场地的地震动场情况。当入射方位角在0°~60°、斜入射角在40°~90°范围内,与三维反演方法相比,一维反演方法构建的特征点x向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为55.8%;当入射方向与某个水平坐标轴平行时,二维反演方法构建的特征点另一个水平向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为100%。介质泊松比增大,一维反演下x向自由场偏差减小,二维反演下x向自由场偏差增大,特征点位移峰值最大偏差分别为46%和36%。与基于地震动三维反演方法获得的心墙拉应力最大值相比,二维和一维反演下拉应力最大值分别减小了83.3%和20.0%。

2020年中国与韩国和日本肝癌发病和死亡的比较分析

目的分析2020年中国肝癌发病、死亡情况,并比较韩国、日本的肝癌负担,为我国进一步完善肝癌的防治策略提供依据。方法从GLOBOCAN 2020提取中国、韩国及日本的肝癌发病及死亡相关数据,分析并比较不同性别、年龄别肝癌发病率和死亡率差异。结果2020年中国肝癌新发病例410038例,发病率为28.3/10万(男性40.8/10万,女性15.2/10万),世标率18.2/10万。韩国肝癌新发病例14788例,发病率28.8/10万(男性42.6/10万,女性15.1/10万),世标率14.3/10万。日本肝癌新发病例45663例,发病率为36.1/10万(男性48.3/10万,女性24.4/10万),世标率10.4/10万。2020年中国因肝癌死亡病例391152例,病死率27.0/10万(男性38.8/10万,女性14.6/10万),世标率17.2/10万。韩国肝癌死亡病例11158例,病死率21.8/10万(男性31.6/10万,女性11.9/10万),世标率9.9/10万。日本肝癌死亡病例28155例,病死率22.3/10万(男性29.4/10万,女性15.4/10万),世标率4.8/10万。结论我国是肝癌高发地区,相较于东亚邻国韩国和日本,我国肝癌发病及病死年龄更早。应针对不同性别、年龄组以及不同地区,制订相应的肝癌防治策略。