Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and Comparison of Their Contents from Different Parts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.

Optimization of extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel by orthogonal experiment design and antioxidant activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Zihua Qinghuo Capsule by Orthogonal Test

With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.

Optimization of Quality Control Method and Ethanol Extraction Process of Psoralen and Bergapten in Ficus pandurata

[Objectives]To establish a qualitative identification and content determination method for psoralen and bergapten in the roots and leaves of Ficus pandurata,and the multi-indicator scoring method to optimize the ethanol extraction process for the effective parts of F.pandurata.[Methods]Qualitative identification was carried out by thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and content determination was made by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the content of psoralen and bergapten and extract yield were used as indicators,to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction times on the ethanol extraction process of F.pandurata;multi-indicator scoring method was adopted,orthogonal test method was designed to optimize the extraction process,and verification test was performed.[Results]TLC chart of F.pandurata shows clear spots and good separation;the detected concentrations of psoralen and bergapten in the roots are in the range of 1.02-32.64μg/mL and shows a good linear relationship with the peak area(r=0.9997);these components have not been detected in the leaves,and the precision,RSD of stability and repeatability test is less than 2%;the average recovery rate was 99.8%-100.2%,and the RSD value is 1.12%-1.13%(n=6);the optimized extraction process is to use 50%ethanol as the extraction solvent,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10,reflux extraction of 3 times,and 1.5 h each time;the results of the three batches of verification tests show that the content of the two indicator components obtained is high,and the average value of the total amount is 0.34 mg/g(RSD=0.30%,n=3).[Conclusions]The established quality control method for F.pandurata is simple,easy,accurate and reproducible;the preferred extraction process is stable and feasible,suitable for the extraction and purification of coumarin effective parts in F.pandurata roots,so it is expected to provide references for further development of F.pandurata.

Drying Technology and Formation Process of Naomai Xingshen Capsules

[Objectives]To optimize the drying technology and formation process of Naomai Xingshen Capsules.[Methods]The yield of paste powder and moisture content as evaluation indicators were taken as indicators,the relative density of feed liquid,inlet air temperature and dosage of excipients were selected as investigation factors,the orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the spray drying process.The moisture absorption rate and angle of repose were taken as evaluation indicators,the types of forming excipient were screened,and the critical relative humidity was determined.[Results]The optimum spray drying process was that the relative density of liquid medicine was 1.05(60℃),the air inlet temperature was 200℃,and the dosage of excipients was 2%.The effect of using dextrin as a forming excipient was better,and the relative humidity of the production environment should be controlled below 65%.[Conclusions]The optimized process is stable,feasible,scientific and reasonable,and can be used for large-scale industrial production.

正交实验结合AHP和GA-BP神经网络优化益黄散醇提工艺

目的 优化益黄散的醇提工艺。方法 采用回流提取法,以乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取时间为考察因素设计正交实验,以橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素、没食子酸、诃黎勒酸、诃子酸、甘草苷、甘草酸、丁香酚含量和干浸膏得率为指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)进行赋权并计算综合评分。通过验证正交实验和遗传算法(GA)-反向传播神经网络(BP神经网络)所预测的结果确定益黄散最佳醇提工艺参数。结果 正交实验优选的最佳醇提工艺参数为乙醇体积分数60%、液料比14∶1(mL/g)、提取时间90 min、提取2次,验证所得综合评分为79.19分;GA-BP神经网络优选的最佳醇提工艺参数为乙醇体积分数65%、液料比14∶1(mL/g)、提取时间60 min、提取2次,验证所得综合评分为85.30分,高于正交实验所得结果。结论 采用正交实验结合GA-BP神经网络的寻优方法较传统的正交实验寻优方法效果更佳,其优选出的益黄散最佳醇提工艺稳定可靠。

舒心解郁颗粒制备工艺及关键成分含量测定研究

目的:对舒心解郁颗粒的制备工艺进行研究,采用高效液相色谱法同时测定舒心解郁颗粒中7种成分的方法,以期为舒心解郁颗粒质量评价与临床应用提供科学依据。方法:采用正交试验优选处方中药材的煎煮工艺,以浸出率为指标,优选提取工艺。对辅料、药辅比、润湿剂及干燥温度进行考察,优选成型工艺。同时采用HPLC法测定制剂中洋川芎内酯Ⅰ、阿魏酸、斯皮诺素、芍药苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、绿原酸、没食子酸的含量。结果:确定最优提取工艺:加入12倍量水,每次40 min,提取3次。成型工艺:用糊精作辅料,药辅比1∶1.8,80%乙醇作为润湿剂,65℃干燥。采用优选的制备工艺生产6批舒心解郁颗粒,建立成品中洋川芎内酯Ⅰ、阿魏酸、斯皮诺素、芍药苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、绿原酸、没食子酸含量测定方法,测定舒心解郁颗粒成分含量。结论:该研究建立的舒心解郁颗粒制备工艺稳定合理、成型率高,为大批量生产舒心解郁颗粒提供了切实可行的方法,且本研究建立的含量测定方法,具有操作简便,重复性和稳定性好等特点,可为舒心解郁颗粒及相似的中药复方制剂的质量控制研究提供借鉴。

正交试验优选壮药龙路通颗粒提取工艺研究

目的:优选壮药龙路通颗粒提取工艺。方法:用高效液相色谱法测定三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1),并以出膏率、三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1)含量为评价指标。采用单因素法考察加水量、提取时间和提取次数,并通过正交试验优选壮药龙路通颗粒最佳提取工艺。结果:以三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1)的含量作为龙路通颗粒质控标准,测得龙路通颗粒中3种指标性成分的质量分数分别为三七皂苷R_(1)45.6~60.6 mg/g,人参皂苷Rg_(1)159.3~234.4 mg/g,和人参皂苷Rb_(1)143.8~246.0 mg/g;龙路通颗粒最佳提取工艺为加水煎煮提取3次,第一次加12倍量水,第二、三次分别加10倍量水,每次1.5 h。结论:优选的提取工艺合理可行,为壮药龙路通颗粒的生产及进一步开发提供了实验依据。

正交实验优化草果果胶的提取工艺

采用传统的酸水解乙醇沉淀法提取草果果胶,以草果果胶得率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上,通过L_(9)(3^(4))正交实验优化了草果果胶的提取工艺。结果表明,各因素对草果果胶得率影响的大小顺序为:pH值>料液比>提取时间>提取温度;最佳提取工艺为:pH值3.0、提取温度90℃、提取时间150 min、料液比1∶30(g∶mL),在此条件下,果胶得率为7.54%,为进一步深入开发草果资源提供了科学依据。

基于UPLC-MS/MS与G1-熵权法多指标综合评分优选微乐方提取工艺

目的建立同时测定微乐方水提物中6个指标性成分含量的方法,并优选微乐方的水提取工艺。方法采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS),Waters CORTECS C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6μm),以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.25 mL/min,柱温40℃,进样量2μL,电喷雾负离子离子源,正负离子切换多反应监测(MRM)模式。以没食子酸、牡荆素、芍药苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、甘草酸含量和干膏率为评价指标,采用G1-熵权法确定各指标权重系数,以加水量、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,通过正交试验确定提取工艺优化参数。结果微乐方水提物中6个成分在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率为96.83%~102.56%,RSD<4.0%。最佳工艺参数为:饮片加12倍量水浸泡2 h,提取2次,每次1.5 h。结论本研究建立的UPLC-MS/MS同时测定微乐方中6个成分的方法快速、简便、灵敏度高,优选的提取工艺稳定可行,可为制剂开发提供依据。

正交试验法优选复方黄栀连颗粒的提取工艺

目的优化复方黄栀连颗粒的提取工艺。方法以黄芩苷含量为评价指标,用单因素实验确定加水量、提取时间、提取次数的因素水平;以干膏率及黄芩苷含量综合分值为评价指标,用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验筛选复方黄栀连颗粒的最佳提取工艺。结果最优提取工艺为加12倍水,提取3次,每次1 h。结论该提取方法便于操作,稳定可靠,重复性好。

外感止咳颗粒的提取及制备工艺研究

目的:对外感止咳颗粒的提取及制备工艺进行考察。方法:采用正交试验设计,以升麻素苷浓度及干浸膏得率为评价指标。分别对加水倍量、提取时间、提取次数等因素进行考察,优化外感止咳颗粒的提取工艺;以休止角成型率、溶化率为指标,考察了浸膏密度,辅料种类和辅料比例,优选最佳成型工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为8倍量水,加热回流提取3次,每次1h;最佳成型工艺为稠膏相对密度1.25(80℃),采用乳糖和淀粉作为辅料,浸膏∶乳糖∶淀粉=1∶2.5∶1.5。结论:优选的工艺稳定,合理可行。

白鲜皮中白鲜碱的提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素、正交实验设计优化白鲜皮中白鲜碱的提取工艺,白鲜碱作为对照品,制作标准曲线,采用高效液相色谱仪测定白鲜碱的含量。结果显示以乙醇作为溶剂时,白鲜碱的最佳提取工艺是乙醇浓度为90%,提取时间为1.5 h,料液比为1∶4,温度为70℃,在最佳提取工艺下,白鲜皮醇提取液中白鲜碱的含量为0.94 mg/g。标准曲线回归方程为y=215315x+740.97,R^(2)=0.999,在0.0005~0.02 mg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系。本工艺方法操作简便,易实现,为下一步提取白鲜碱进一步活性研究提供依据。

正交优化肿节风的提取工艺

目的优选肿节风的提取工艺及喷干工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交设计试验法,以异嗪皮啶、迷迭香酸以及干膏得率为指标,对加水量、提取时间、提取次数进行考察,优化水提工艺,以结块强度、内聚力指数和粉体流动性指数为指标,对肿节风浸膏的密度进行考察,优选出最佳喷干工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为14倍量水、加热回流3次、每次1 h;最佳喷雾干燥工艺为浸膏密度为1.08时效果最优。结论优选的提取工艺简便稳定,提取效率高。

基于抗氧化活性百合提取工艺研究

目的:研究百合抗氧化活性成分及其制备工艺。方法:采用热回流提取法制备百合提取物,以抗氧化活性为筛选指标,正交试验法优选百合提取工艺;DPPH法和羟自由基清除法评价百合提取物的抗氧化能力;比色法检测百合多糖、黄酮、多酚含量;对百合抗氧化活性与多糖、黄酮、多酚成分进行相关性分析。结果:百合抗氧化物质的最佳提取条件为溶剂20%乙醇、固液比1∶12、提取时间100 min,百合对DPPH自由基的清除率为88.2%,百合对DPPH自由基的能力与黄酮呈显著强正相关。结论:百合具有较强的抗氧化活性,主要活性成分是黄酮。

基于清热解毒药效实验和正交设计优化兰紫解毒颗粒的提取工艺

目的 通过清热解毒药效实验筛选兰紫解毒颗粒的提取工艺,并以正交实验进行优化,确定兰紫解毒颗粒的最佳提取工艺。方法 用脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠发热模型,以大鼠的体温变化和血清炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平为考察指标,对兰紫解毒颗粒的3个提取工艺路线进行筛选,获得最佳工艺路线。通过正交实验设计,以提取物得率、(R,S)-告依春及绿原酸含量为评价指标,对板蓝根、大青叶、金银花、茵陈4味药材的水提取工艺进行优化;以提取物得率、苦参碱和氧化苦参碱总含量为评价指标,对山豆根、紫草2味药材的醇提取工艺进行优化。结果 药效实验表明,工艺3组提取物的清热和抗炎效果均为最优,并与阳性对照药清热解毒胶囊相当,故选择该工艺进行后续研究。正交实验得出兰紫解毒颗粒的最佳提取工艺为:板蓝根、大青叶、金银花、茵陈4味药加8倍量水,煎煮3次,每次1 h;山豆根、紫草2味药用体积分数为80%的乙醇加热回流2次,每次1 h。结论 兰紫解毒颗粒具有明显的预防发热和抑制炎症反应作用,优选的提取工艺稳定、可行,能够为兰紫解毒颗粒的后续开发提供依据。

多指标综合评分优选金荞麦胶囊提取工艺

目的:优选金荞麦胶囊的提取工艺。方法:以没食子酸、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、原花青素B2、表儿茶素、得膏率进行多指标考察,以提取时间、乙醇用量、乙醇浓度等多因素进行正交试验设计,采用综合评分方法优选最佳提取工艺。结果:以回流时间1.5 h,加10倍量浓度为55%的乙醇为最优提取工艺。结论:此最佳提取工艺成本低,可靠稳定,简便,有效成分提取率高,可用于金荞麦胶囊的提取工艺。

三味板蓝根颗粒浸膏制备工艺改良研究

目的改良医院制剂三味板蓝根颗粒浸膏中间体的制备工艺。方法采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验优选浸膏提取工艺的关键参数,再以单因素和Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化浸膏醇沉工艺。结果正交试验优选的浸膏最佳提取工艺为:以10倍量水(初次浸泡0.5 h),沸腾提取3次,每次提取1.5 h。经单因素和响应面法优化浸膏最佳醇沉工艺为:将药液浓缩至相对密度为1.15(80℃),以95%乙醇将药液的终点醇浓度调至65%,醇沉静置时间48 h。结论采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验联合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化医院制剂三味板蓝根颗粒的提取和醇沉工艺,达到预期效果,可为实际扩大化生产提供参考。

木棉花多糖提取工艺优化

为了更好地开发利用木棉花多糖,研究选取了料液比、提取时间、提取温度3个因素,通过单因素试验和L_(9)(3^(3))正交试验,以木棉花多糖提取率为考察指标,优化了木棉花多糖的提取工艺。结果表明:木棉花多糖的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶30(g/mL)、提取温度70℃、提取时间15 min,在该条件下木棉花的多糖提取率为(11.84±0.12)%。该提取工艺提取率高,重复性好,并且比微波提取成本更低,更适合木棉花多糖提取的工业化生产。

正交试验法优选通脉胶囊提取工艺

优选通脉胶囊的最佳提取工艺,以提取液中含黄芪甲苷的量和出膏率为评价指标,采用正交试验法设计并优化了通脉胶囊最佳提取工艺.黄芪甲苷测定的色谱条件为:Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱(内径4.6 mm,柱长25 cm,粒度5μm);采用水∶乙腈(68∶32)为流动相;流速:1.0 mL/min;蒸发光散射检测器检测条件:空气气体流速2.5 L/min,漂移管温度105℃.实验结果表明,通脉胶囊的最佳提取工艺为12倍量水,提取2次,第一次2 h,第二次1.5 h.本实验确定的工艺合理可行,为通脉胶囊提取工艺的确定提供了实验依据.