A network pharmacology approach to explore action mechanisms of Bi xie and Tu fuling for treating gouty arthritis

Objective:The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine"Bi xie and Tu fuling"on the treatment of gouty arthritis was explored through network pharmacological methods.Methods:First,the TCMSP Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform were used to define the bioavailability(OB)30%and drug-likeness(DL)0.18.Database to mine genetic targets related to gouty arthritis disease.Finally,the two genes are intersected to construct a Chinese medicine regulatory network of Chinese medicine-components-target genes-disease.The genes in the network are used to construct a protein interaction network to find core genes for analysis of GO and KEGG.Results:There were a total of 84 active ingredients in Chinese medicine Poria and Poria cocos,and 17 effective ingredients and 180 genetic targets were obtained after screening.600 disease targets for gouty arthritis were identified,and 58 were common target genes for both.PPI network analysis revealed that IL1β,VEGFA,MAPK1,IL10,and PTGS2 may be drugs for treating gouty arthritis.Key targets.GO enrichment analysis identified 1,399 entries(P<0.05),of which biological processes mainly include biological stimulation,biological regulation,cell metabolism,etc;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 152 signal pathways,of which signal pathways involved inflammation,metabolism,In terms of aging,mainly including the IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17signal pathway,etc.Conclusion:"Bi xie and Tu fuling"drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunological effects on gouty arthritis through multiple targets and multiple pathways.The mechanism of lowering uric acid and protecting liver and kidney is not clear.It needs molecular biology research to improve it.The mechanism of the action of the"Bi xie and Tu fuling"medicine pair provides new ideas for the clinical prescriptions.

Tong xie yao fang relieves irritable bowel syndrome in rats via mechanisms involving regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P

AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.

Effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on endogenous metabolites in urine of irritable bowel syndrome model rats

BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.

Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang relieves solitary rectal ulcer syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.

Long Dan Xie Gan Formula Granule Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Female Guinea Pigs with Recurrent Genital Herpes

Objective To explore the effects of Long Dan Xie Gan formula granule(LDXGFG)on regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female guinea pigs with recurrent genital herpes(herpes simplex virus 2,HSV-2).Methods Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood of HSV-2-infected guinea pigs,including IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-γ,and TNF-α,were detected by ELISA;corresponding gene expression levels in tissues were detected by real-time PCR.Results IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-γand TNF-αdecreased significantly in both blood and diseased tissues after infection with recurrent genital herpes.Upon feeding LDXGFG to HSV-2-infected guinea pigs,IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-γand TNF-αdemonstrated significant increases,similar to the effects of acyclovir(ACV).LDXGFG promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood and tissue,with a stronger effect than ACV.Moreover,LDXGFG demonstrated broader effects than ACV.Conclusion The present results suggest that LDXGFG can serve as an alternative,inexpensive,and long-term treatment for HSV-2 infection.

Impressions on the Book“On the Standard Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine”(by Professor XIE Zhu-fan,Foreign Languages Press Beijing, 2003)

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is indubitably on the top of Chinese cultural treasures,deeplyimpressed in the mind of Chinese people.Unfortunately,TCM is facing difficulties in the route towardsinternationalization,up till now,TCM has not yet been granted a legal position for clinical practice in aconsiderable number of countries.So it is our responsibility tO make TCM internationalized and push TCMtobe accepted world—wide,even though we know that it is a long way to go.

Clinical experience of Professor Xie Jingri in the deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer

Objective:To summarize Professor Xie's clinical experience in treating the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer.Methods:through the observation of the curative effect of the patients with the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer in the outpatient department of liver,spleen and stomach department of our hospital,the dialectical application and clinical experience of Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription in clinical practice were summarized.Results:Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer,and through individual syndrome differentiation and treatment,make the self-made prescription vary from person to person,clinical addition and subtraction,so as to further improve the clinical efficacy of patients.Conclusion:Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription is effective in treating complex peptic ulcer of spleen stomach deficiency cold type,which is worthy of further clinical application and promotion.

Xie Tian,Screen Director and Man of Laughter

Xie Tian is now directing Night OwI Column,another film dealing with the common people,this time young sanitation workers in the 1980s.Even though China's film indus-try is in a mild slump at the mo-ment,we wish him the greatest of success.

The Zenith of Two Mountains The Beauty of the art of Xie Zhiliu and Chen Peiqiu

Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera, Jean- Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir D in the world of arts and letters, the "power couple" has always been a fascinating and somewhat rare phenomenon. In

HL—1M装置边缘参数和雷诺Xie强的径向分布

利用马赫／郎缪尔探针组测量HL－1M装置刮离层（SOL）和边缘静电雷诺Xie强，等离子体极向旋转，径向和极向电场的径向分布。在低杂波电流驱动（LHCD），超声分子束注入（SMBI），多发弹丸注入（MPI）和中性束注入（NBI）实验中，给出了雷诺Xie强和极向流的关系。结果指出，由于雷诺Xie强的径向变化，托卡马克等离子体边缘可以产生剪切极向流。

Innovative endoscopic enucleations of the prostate--Xie’s Prostate Enucleations

In the past 2 decades,endoscopic enucleation of the prostate has become a safe and effective surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),with comparable outcomes to traditional surgeries.Transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of the prostate(TVERP),transurethral vapor enucleation of the prostate(TVEP),and ultrasound-navigated TVEP(US-TVEP)are new,innovative endoscopic enucleation procedures.These procedures are named Xie’s Prostate Enucleations(Xie’s Procedures for short).Current clinical data indicate that Xie’s Procedures are safe and effective treatment options for patients with BPH,especially for patients with larger prostates.Further prospective,randomized clinical trials compared with traditional transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)are still needed.

Brief Biography of Professor Feng Xie

Dr. Feng Xie is professor of mathe-matics and deputy dean of the College of Science at Donghua University. He earned his Ph. D. in applied mathematics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2005. He was a senior visiting scholar at the Mathe-matical Institute of Leiden University from september 2012 to august 2013. Dr. Xie's research interests include canard phenome-na in multiple-scale dynamical systems and singular perturbation theory. He has published more than 30 research papers in prestigious journals such as SI-AM Journal on Aplied Dynamical Systems ,Journal of Nonl inear Science ,Jour-nal of Diferential Equations ,and Asymptotic Analysis. Dr. Xie currently servesas a member of Special Committee on Singular Perturbation , Chinese Mathe-matical Society.

From Zi Wei （滋味） to Qi Yun（氣韵）, and Yi Jing （意境）： Rethinking of Chinese Traditional Artistic Category System

The Chinese traditional aesthetic culture not only pay attention to the overall sense of He Xie （Harmony, 和谐）, and pay attention to a kind of artistic conception as Zi Wei （滋味）, Qi Yun （氣韵）, and YiJing （意境） as well. Mr. JI Xian-lin had tried to start from Zi Wei （滋味）, a new comprehension to open a new understanding on Chinese aesthetics. Hence, we embark from the Chinese aesthetic culture and its basic spirit, the humanistic connotation of Zi Wei （滋味）, which sounds with the basis, put forward it into a Music-Dance Spirit （乐舞精神） in Chinese art through this unique view, has made a new thinking to the Chinese traditional aesthetic artistic category system.

未来安全技术走向:一体化的“云安全”防护——专访飞塔公司(Fortinet)创始人、总裁兼CEO谢青(Ken Xie)

记者:飞塔公司成立至今已经11年,在这期间您认为网络安全经历了怎样的变化?谢青:飞塔2000年在美国硅谷成立,并于2009年成功在纳斯达克上市,一直专注于网络安全产品研发与方案的提供。从某种层面来讲,网络安全的变化是构建在安全威胁的基础上的,这点从国内一些最终用户购买'防毒墙'的需求上体现得很明显,用户需要病毒的防护、系统漏洞攻击的防护。随着安全威胁的演变。

A Significant Gift The Chinese Government provides equipment to Ethiopia to promote development and modernization of agriculture

Tractor,generator,incubator at con-stant temperature...Xie Junhua counts these devices again and again."One hundred and forty eight&nbsp;pieces in total,"he said.Xie is the head of the third group of Chinese agricultural experts to Ethiopia.What he counted was the agricultural equip-ment donated by the Chinese Government to Ethiopia."These devices are not only essential to the work of our experts,but can also help the development and mod-ernization of agriculture here in Ethiopia,"Xie told ChinAfrica.

青藏高原多向碰撞─揳入隆升地球动力学模式

论证了青藏高原形成与隆升过程中的变形构造格局。岩石圈结构、青藏高原隆升与周边前陆沉积盆地耦合关系、高原隆升的地球动力学模式等。提出青藏高原碰撞-隆升过程中，高原边缘以走滑-挤压构造为主，高原内部以伸展构造为主；高原隆升过程中，岩石圈变形总体是：上部以伸展变形为主，中部以挤压变形为主，下部以伸展变形为主。通过青藏高原及周边岩石圈结构及隆升过程变形作用时-空耦合关系的对比研究，建立起青藏高原隆升机制的多向碰撞-入隆升地球动力学模式。