Characteristics and achievements of the Xin'an Medical School

The Xin'an Medical School began in the Jin Dynasty(266-420),developed in the Song Dynasty(960-1279),prospered in theMing and Qing dynasties(1368-1911),and has been passed down to the modern era.As a school of medicine with distinct regional characteristics,it has contributed to the development of traditional Chinese medicine and exerted farreaching influence,mainly in literature resources,medical theory,clinical application,and spiritual culture.This paper intends to discuss its academic characteristics and contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on its formation,academic inheritance and innovation,overseas popularization,and integration of Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism in medicine.

Medical schools that received the PROMED (program for the encouragement of curricular changes in medical courses)—Preconditions and change process

Since the Curriculum Guidelines (CG) which were created in 2001 and PROMED (Program for the Encouragement of Curricular Changes in Medical Courses), several schools have applied for this incentive. Medical Schools (MS) have faced important changes in their curriculum throughout the years. The purpose is to verify if medical schools that received PROMED already had a historical of curricular changes. Several interviews, which were carried out with PROMED coordinators, were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to the Bardin’s content analysis technique. Later, these interviews were later categorized into nine themes. This paper analyses the Medical School History category which encompasses three subcategories: existence of a former changing history;need to overcome the model and changing period. It is highlighted that medical schools that received PROMED had a previous changing historical which was sometimes located in anti-hegemonic niches. It is noticeable, however, that such changes were not enough to affect the comprehension of healthillness process and its consequent results. PROMED was, effectively, the reference for medical schools implementing the C.G. which represents, now, a benchmarking for all new and old schools in the country.

Clinical surgery-oriented subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools

Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chinese researchers have concentrated on service systems and methods but have not established mature systems and methods for clinical surgery-oriented services. Therefore,subject librarians in medical schools should become involved in clinical research and expand their perspective on medical library research. In addition, they should collaborate with clinicians to improve the overall level of research in hospitals while increasing the impact of subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools.

Irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese nursing and medical school students—Related lifestyle and psychological factors

Background: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is 10% - 15% in the general population. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort and disordered defecation associated with a stressful lifestyle. However, the cause of IBS has not been clarified yet. Based on a similar, previous study in Japan, this study investigated the prevalence of IBS and the relationship between IBS and stress, lifestyle and dietary habits among nursing and medical school students in China. Methods: Designed to investigate IBS symptoms, life- style, dietary intake, life events, anxiety and depresssion, a blank self-administrated questionnaire was used to survey 2500 nursing or medical students in China. Questionnaires were collected from 2141 stu- dents (85.6%) and responses obtained from 1934 students (90.3%) were analyzed. Results: On the whole, the prevalence of IBS was 32.1% in this study, 26.6% in males and 33.6% in females. In females, the IBS group showed a bedtime later than that in the non-IBS group, and the length of time asleep in the IBS group was shorter than that in the non-IBS group (p p = 0.005). In females, the IBS group showed a frequency for the intake of vegetables and potatoes that was lower than that of the non-IBS group (p = 0.007, p = 0.023). The prevalence of IBS among nursing and medical school students in China (32.1%) was significantly lower than that in Japan (35.5%). Especially, the number of females in the constipation dominant IBS subgroup in China (11.8%) was less than that found in Japan (20.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS was high among nursing and medical students in China, but lower than that shown in Japan.

Research on the Methodologies and Approaches for Enhancing College Students’ Humanistic Quality in Medical School

In this paper, we conduct research on the methodologies and the approaches for enhancing college students’ humanistic quality in medical school. The nature of medicine is medical education attaches great importance to the humanity quality education. Medical education and the humanistic quality education mutually harmony, to make the medical quality and humanity quality as the one, developed a new generation of high quality good. Since the 21st century, China’s medical colleges in explore the basic approaches and methods of the medical education, the teaching theory and research have made signifi cant progress, based on the analysis of humanistic quality curriculum structure in the universities of China, the concept of curriculum implementation, and some suggestions in aspects such as education method to explore new way of enhancing the medical student humanities quality education effectiveness that will be innovative.

"History of Medicine"-a neglected topic in medical schools in India, Nepal, and the Caribbean

History of medicine is not addressed in medical schools in India,Nepal,and the Caribbean.The history of medicine in these areas include indigenous medical systems,the western medicine introduced by the colonial powers,and the medical systems developed after independence or overthrow of feudalism.In the meantime,less attention has been paid to teaching"history of medicine".There are several advantages in teaching the history of medicine to medical students.Courses on the history of medicine can be offered both face-to-face and online.

Impacts and challenges of United States medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The delivery of medical student education has changed rapidly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Students in their pre-clinical years have transitioned to online courses and examinations.Students in their clinical years are not permitted on clinical rotations,and face uncertainties in career exploration and the residency application process.Medical students in all stages of training are volunteering and helping their communities.The future presence of COVID-19 throughout the United States is unknown,and medical students are eager to return to their training.This paper outlines current challenges in medical student education and the various responses that have been adopted.We also discuss possible future directions for students through involvement in telemedicine,outpatient clinic visits,and non-respiratory inpatient care tasks as adequate personal protective equipment,COVID-19 testing,and resources become more widely available.

Effect of basic life support training on the knowledge and skills of first aid of first year medical students

Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine,Maltepe University in October 2019.An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared.Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation,basic life supports,epileptic seizures,heatstroke,aspiration,and drowning issues,while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques,basic life support scenarios,Heimlich’s Maneuver and the coma position.Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course.Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest,and pre-and post-training results were compared.Results:A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period.Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions;the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable.It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries.Conclusions:It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid,even with one day of theoretical and practical training.Thus,adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.

Situation, problems and approaches to medical English teaching

With a brief review of the ESP （English for Special Purpose） teaching in Medical Schools over the past 30 years, this paper elaborates on the changes and situation of English teaching and leaming in some Medical Schools. Through a survey which throws light on the importance of ESP, the paper analyzes the problems facing Medical Schools, such as materials suitable for medical students who want to cultivate their ability in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating in their own field and teachers who are supposed to be qualified for medical English teaching, and then discusses the top priorities in these Medical Schools and examines what has been done and will be done in order to work out practicable approaches to meet the requirements of medical students.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Back Pain among Medical Students in Sudan

Background: Back pain affects old and young adults, and it is a common complain among medical students. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain and associated factors among medical students in Sudan. Method: An observational multi-universal cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022, involving 433 medical students selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by electronic Google Form questionnaire designed to assess demographic features, back pain characteristics, and triggering factors. Data analysis was done by statistical package for social sciences. Result: The prevalence of back pain among medical students in Sudan is 69.3%, with a statistically insignificant difference between preclinical and clinical students (p value: 0.378), and between male and female students (p value: 0.826). The lower back is the commonest site of pain (75%). The majority of the students experience moderate pain (53.9%). They did not use medications (81%). Sitting for long hours is the most common trigger (87.9%) and the pain did not interfere with the daily activities (71%). Conclusion: Back pain is a common complain among medical students in Sudan. Medical schools should raise the awareness of the students about back pain.

新医科背景下基于校院合作的妇产科护理学混合式教学模式的构建研究

目的探讨新医科背景下基于校院合作的混合式教学模式在妇产科护理学课程中的应用与效果。方法选择我校2019级110名护理本科生为对照组、2020级113名护理本科生为观察组。对照组采用传统教学模式,观察组采用新医科背景下基于校院合作的妇产科护理学混合式教学模式。课程结束后,比较两组的期末考试成绩、自我导向学习能力、评判性思维能力和教学满意度。结果观察组的期末考试成绩及优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的自我导向评定量表各维度得分及总分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组的评判性思维能力各维度得分及总分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的各项教学满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论新医科背景下基于校院合作的妇产科护理学混合式教学模式能有效提高学生的学习成绩、自我导向学习能力和评判性思维能力,进而能提高护理本科生整体教学质量。

基于数据挖掘分析娄东医学流派膏方用药规律

目的:挖掘娄东医派膏方辨证用药规律,丰富学术内涵及指导临床膏方施药。方法:以清末娄东名医钱艺所著《慎五堂治验录》为研究对象,选取具有明确症状描述、就诊记录、临证用药的医案记载及医话论述,提取记录完整的方剂及药物,构建膏方用药多维数据库。采用Medcase V5.2仓公诊籍国医脉案数据记录挖掘系统统计分析,运用Medcase Chart、K-means等算法对药物频次频率、四气五味、药物组合规律和配伍特点进行分析,总结钱氏膏方辨证思路、常用方剂及特色药物,挖掘潜在新方。结果:共纳入25首膏方,涉及中药123味,使用频次≥5的中药共32味;使用频次最高的药物为参类,包括党参、沙参、人参、西洋参、丹参;单药使用频次居前10位的药物分别是当归、白芍、黄芪,甘草、生地黄、枸杞子、茯神、陈皮、川楝子、白术;药物四气以温最多,五味以甘为主,药物归经以脾经为首,其次为肝经、肺经、肾经;挖掘出核心药对组合10组、潜在新方4首。结论:《慎五堂治验录》注重膏方使用时机,反对无病服膏、无病进补;强调辨证施膏,一人一膏;辨证立法以甘温补脾为主,兼顾五脏制衡,善从脾胃气血入手,喜用小剂开路方探明病机;用药精当,选材考究,制作精良,服膏方法注重个体化,注重后期调摄等,具有地域流派特色,值得深入研究和借鉴。

新安医家程樑《引经证医》学术思想探析

程樑是清代著名新安医家,沉于经典,勤于临床,将所思、所感系统整理、总结,于1873年著成《引经证医》。文章从该书医学理论体系构建的角度出发,探寻其学术思想,包括阴阳四时五行,构建哲学基础;独重脾胃,明确藏象核心;详论六气,阐发病因病机;形色脉参,形成综合诊断;内外同治,展现多元治疗等五个方面。《引经证医》论理明晰,以经典理论为指归,临证圆活,以审机施治为目标,是理论结合实际的尚佳范例,其学术思想值得后来者研究与学习。

应用型医学院校创业就业教育模式研究

在“互联网+”背景下,应用型医学院校应结合自身实际情况,努力探索应用型医学院校创新创业就业教育模式,推进落实“促创业、稳就业”的各项任务要求,促进应用型医学院校毕业生创新就业创业。文章在国家提出“大众创新、万众创业”背景下,从应用型医学院校创新创业就业教育现状着手,以应用型医学院校创新创业就业教育方面存在的问题为切入点,以必要性和重要性进行分析,旨在通过提升创业就业指导理论课质量、推进“第二课堂”体系建设、完善创业就业咨询指导质量及加强师资建设培训力度4个方面进行教育模式研究,并针对应用型医学院校实际存在的问题提出相应的对策和建议,以期为我国应用型医学院校创新创业就业教育发展提供理论参考。

医工结合、校企合作 打造基础医学实验教学新平台

教育部提出新医科示范性本科专业建设,给医学教学带来了新的机遇和挑战。从教学实践出发,从在线实验教学平台建设、信息化实验室建设、实验设备和器材的改良、创新创业教育四个方面介绍了医工结合和校企合作在基础医学实验教学中的应用,针对传统教学模式中遇到的困点、难点,分别在上述四个方面进行了创新性实践,结合校外企业在实验教学中的软件、硬件的研发投入,共同打造适应未来医学教育发展的新平台。

孟河医派在泄泻治疗中运用滋养胃阴学说的蹊径

孟河医派另辟蹊径,在久泻患者阴损阳浮的治疗中,注重滋养胃阴,选择甘润轻清而无滋腻之品,以期津液来复,胃气和降,受纳水谷,大小肠传化功能恢复正常。该应用拓宽了胃阴学说的适应症,并且形成了从病机-证候-治则-方药的完整体系。这对于胃阴学说而言,是重要的传承和发展。

医学院校体医融合双主体协同发展路径研究

随着COVID-19在全球肆虐,健康中国建设的重要性和紧迫性进一步凸显。体医融合模式是实现健康中国的有效路径之一,医学院校作为健康中国的重要阵地,理应发挥作用。当前,我国医学院校存在体医融合模式主体不明、师资匮乏、学科融合不足以及融合机制尚未建立等问题亟待解决。本文基于健康中国框架,提出医学院校体医融合应以教学改革为切入点、以师资队伍建设为保障、以增设体医融合专业为依托、以改革成果验收和推广为目标,构建体医双主体互惠共生协同发展机制,为实现健康公平和健康中国提供支撑。

混合教学模式下运动生物化学课程思政的探索

全面推进课程思政建设是实施立德树人基本任务的关键措施。运动生物化学作为一门探究运动对机体化学组成、物质及能量代谢变化的分子级学科,是医学院校康复治疗专业的核心必修课。该课程内容不仅与体育运动、医学等多个学科交叉,而且包含了丰富的思政教育元素。如何有效地识别这些思政元素并将它们融入专业知识教学中,以实现润物细无声的教育效果,成为教育工作者的研究重点。文章通过深入分析运动生物化学课程内的思政元素,扩充课程思政案例库,并结合在线教学资源及平台,采用线上线下融合的教学方式,旨在加强师生情感交流和思想互动,激发学生的学习热情,提升教学效果。本研究旨在推动思政教育与专业知识的深度融合,为运动生物化学课程思政教学改革提供参考和借鉴。

陈华教授传承浙派中医儿科学术特色治疗小儿肺系疾病经验探析

[目的]总结陈华教授传承浙派中医儿科学术特色治疗小儿肺系疾病的经验。[方法]通过随师临证,研究浙派儿科学术特点,从病因病机、遣方用药等方面阐释陈师治疗小儿肺系疾病的临床经验及方药特色,并通过临床验案加以佐证。[结果]陈师诊疗小儿肺系疾病的经验可概括为融通中西,谨守病机;四望一听,尤重望诊;分期论治,善用和清;用药轻灵,顾护脾胃。所列案例为小儿急性上呼吸道感染的典型案例,急性感染期解表清里,迁延反复期益气养阴,缓解恢复期补肺健脾,疗效显著。[结论]陈师小儿肺系疾病的诊治经验,不仅有较高临床实用价值,更是对浙派中医儿科学术特色的传承和发展。