River width and depth as key factors of diurnal activity energy expenditure allocation for wintering Spot-billed Ducks in the Xin'an River Basin

Rivers are important habitats for wintering waterbirds.However,they are easily influenced by natural and human activities.An important approach for waterbirds to adapt to habitats is adjusting the activity time and energy expenditure allocation of diurnal behavior.The compensatory foraging hypothesis predicts that increased energy expenditure leads to longer foraging time,which in turn increases food intake and helps maintain a constant energy balance.However,it is unclear whether human-disturbed habitats result in increased energy expenditure related to safety or foraging.In this study,the scan sample method was used to observe the diurnal behavior of the wintering Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha) in two rivers in the Xin’an River Basin from October 2021 to March 2022.The allocation of time and energy expenditure for activity in both normal and disturbed environments was calculated.The results showed that foraging accounted for the highest percentage of time and energy expenditure.Additionally,foraging decreased in the disturbed environment than that in the normal environment.Resting behavior showed the opposite trend,while other behaviors were similar in both environments.The total diurnal energy expenditure of ducks in the disturbed environment was greater than that in the normal environment,with decreased foraging and resting time percentage and increased behaviors related to immediate safety(swimming and alert) and comfort.These results oppose the compensatory foraging hypothesis in favor of increased security.The optimal diurnal energy expenditure model included river width and water depth,which had a positive relationship;an increase in either of these two factors resulted in an increase in energy expenditure.This study provides a better understanding of energy allocation strategies underlying the superficial time allocation of wintering waterbirds according to environmental conditions.Exploring these changes can help understand the maximum fitness of wintering waterbirds in response to nature and human influences.

Application of TOPMODEL in Buliu River Basin and comparison with Xin’anjiang model

Along with the rapid development of computer and GIS technology, hydrological models have progressed from lumped to distributed models. TOPMODEL, a bridge between lumped and distributed models, is a semi-distributed model in which the predominant factors determining the formation of runoff are derived from the topography of the basin. A test application of TOPMODEL in the Buliu River Basin is presented. For the sake of comprehensively evaluating the TOPMODEL, the Xin’anjiang model, a classic lumped hydrological model, was also applied in the basin. The structural differences and the simulation results of the two models are compared and analyzed.

Macrobenthic assemblage characteristics under stressed waters and ecological health assessment using AMBI and M-AMBI:a case study at the Xin'an River Estuary,Yantai,China

To understand the ecological status and macrobenthic assemblages of the Xin＇an River Estuary and its adjacent waters, a survey was conducted for environmental variables and macrobenthic assemblage structure in September 2012（Yantai, China）. Several methods are adopted in the data analysis process： dominance index,diversity indices, cluster analysis, non-metric multi-dimentional scaling ordination, AMBI and M-AMBI. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus of six out of eight sampling stations were in a good condition with low concentration. The average value of DO（（2.89±0.60） mg/L） and p H（4.28±0.43） indicated that the research area faced with the risk of ocean acidification and underlying hypoxia. A total of 62 species were identified, of which the dominant species group was polychaetes. The average abundance and biomass was577.50 ind./m^2 and 6.01 g/m^2, respectively. Compared with historical data, the macrobenthic assemblage structure at waters around the Xin＇an River Estuary was in a relatively stable status from 2009 to 2012.Contaminant indicator species Capitella capitata appeared at Sta. Y1, indicating the animals here suffered from hypoxia and acidification. AMBI and M-AMBI results showed that most sampling stations were slightly disturbed,which were coincided with the abiotic measurement on evaluating the health conditions. Macrobenthic communities suffered pressures from ocean acidification and hypoxia at the research waters, particularly those at Stas Y1, Y2 and Y5, which displays negative results in benthic health evaluation.

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Flood Forecasting Experiment Based on EC and WRF in the Bailian River Basin

In order to extend the forecasting period of flood and improve the accuracy of flood forecasting,this paper took Bailian River Reservoir which located in Huanggang City of Hubei Province as an example and carried out basin flood simulation and forecasting by coupling the quantitative precipitation forecasting products of numerical forecast operation model of Institute of Heavy Rain in Wuhan(WRF)and the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)with the three water sources Xin an River model.The experimental results showed that the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall predicted by EC is closer to the actual situation compared to WRF;the efficiency coefficient and peak time difference of EC used for flood forecasting are comparable to WRF,but the average relative error of flood peaks is about 14%smaller than WRF.Overall,the precipitation forecasting products of the two numerical models can be used for flood forecasting in the Bailian River basin.Some forecasting indicators have certain reference value,and there is still significant room for improvement in the forecasting effects of the two models.

Real-time flood forecasting of Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas

A combination of the rainfall-runoff module of the Xin’anjiang model, the Muskingum routing method, the water stage simulating hydrologic method, the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method, and the real-time error correction method is applied to the real-time flood forecasting and regulation of the Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas. The Xin’anjiang model is used to forecast the flood discharge hydrograph of the upstream and tributary. The flood routing of the main channel and flood diversion areas is based on the Muskingum method. The water stage of the downstream boundary condition is calculated with the water stage simulating hydrologic method and the water stages of each cross section are calculated from downstream to upstream with the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The faded-memory forgetting factor least square of error series is used as the real-time error correction method for forecasting discharge and water stage. As an example, the combined models were applied to flood forecasting and regulation of the upper reaches of the Huai River above Lutaizi during the 2007 flood season. The forecast achieves a high accuracy and the results show that the combined models provide a scientific way of flood forecasting and regulation for a complex watershed with flood diversion and retarding areas.

Localization of Free Verse in China： A Case Study of Bing Xin＇s Short Poems

Intercultures play an important role in localization of translation. They are the essential reference resources for those who are translators as well as writers in their literary translation or creation. Translators contribute to the extension of source culture and in target culture by means ofintercultures to form new localized cultural paradigms. Bing Xin＇ s creation of the short free verse in the vernacular Chinese was influenced by Hu shih＇s new literature ideas and Zheng Zhenduo＇s translation of Stray Birds, a famous poetry anthology of Tagore. Through her translation, she borrowed new literary paradigms from foreign languages and successfully converted them into more acceptable ones in Chinese new literature. The paper, from the perspectives of Localization and Intercultures by Anthony Pym, explores the effects which Hu Shih and Zheng Zhenduo made upon Bing Xin＇s poetry translation and creation in the trend of poetry localization in the May Fourth Movement, and analyzes the interactions between Bing Xin＇s poetry creation and her poetry translation.

《文心雕龙》与朱湘译诗美学

朱湘汲取《文心雕龙》中的诗学元素,构建具有中国特色的译诗美学。就翻译目标而言,朱湘译诗肩负复兴中国诗学和传播中国文化的使命。就译诗本质而言,诗歌翻译并非“字义”的简单对换,而“意境”的整体再现,实现诗学效果的对等转换。就译诗路径而言,诗歌翻译并非随心所欲,而是有章可循、有法可依。朱湘译诗美学集文学性、接受性、科学性于一体,无论是构建中国特色的翻译体系,还是指导诗歌翻译实践都具有一定的学术价值。

基于等容瞬时单位线的水文模型研究

流域下垫面空间分布的不均匀性对径流的形成有较大影响,流域蓄水容量曲线解决了流域产流空间异质性的问题,但在采用瞬时单位线进行地表汇流计算时,又将其作为空间分布均匀的净雨处理,局部产流并没有实现局部的汇流。考虑汇流时间与蓄水容量的空间相关性,通过Copula函数构造二者的联合分布,以条件概率的形式反映不同蓄水容量处汇流时间的空间分布特征,进而以等蓄水容量为计算单元,提出了等容瞬时单位线的概念,相当于采用变单位线的方式计算单元产流量的地表径流,从而可以实现局部产汇流计算过程的统一。由此,创建了基于等容瞬时单位线的水文模型IIUHH,并根据Copula函数的类型构建了多种形式的IIUHH,最后选择清江上游作为案例进行验证。结果表明:Clayton型的IIUHH在研究区域表现更优,相比于新安江模型,Nash效率系数可以提高4%~12%,Kling-Gupta效率系数可以提高13%~27%,洪峰相对误差则可降低26%~36%,较大程度上提高了洪峰和洪水过程的模拟精度。研究成果可为流域高精度径流预报提供技术支撑。

红水河龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案研究

龙滩水电站是珠江流域防洪控制性工程,但目前缺乏较完整的河系洪水预报方案。为充分发挥龙滩水电站的防洪调蓄作用,选取了雷公滩、沫阳、平里河、平湖和仙人桥等支流控制站点,通过重要子区间分析确定重点关注区域,利用新安江三水源产流模型、三水源滞后演算汇流模型和马斯京根汇流演算法构建龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案。研究结果表明:龙滩水电站最大入库洪水洪量占比通常为无控区间,其次为贵州区支流(蒙江、坝王河、曹渡河、六硐河),两者是洪水预报的关注重点;本研究构建的河系洪水预报方案整体洪峰流量、场次洪量的平均相对误差均为10%,平均确定性系数均在0.75以上,总体结果较好。因此,构建的龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案能够应用于实时洪水作业预报中,也为进一步提升“四预”能力筑牢基础。

概念性水文模型与智能模型在中小河流洪水模拟中的比较研究

相较于大江大河的流域水文预报研究,中小流域的研究相对匮乏。以沅江河溪水文站以上流域为例,研究LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)模型和新安江模型在场次洪水中的模拟效果。通过对比,新安江模型的整体模拟精度较高,洪量、洪峰、峰现时间的平均相对误差分别为9.39%、9.55%、1.6h,确定性系数为0.73,综合合格率为100%,达到甲级精度标准;LSTM模型的模拟精度较低,洪量、洪峰、峰现时间的平均相对误差分别为11.76%、12.33%、2.3 h,确定性系数为0.60,综合合格率为75%,达到乙级精度标准。结果表明,新安江模型和LSTM模型是中小河流洪水预报的有效方法,均可用于河溪流域的正式预报,且对于河溪流域,新安江模型的模拟精度比LSTM模型更高。

基于SWAT与新安江模型场次洪水模拟研究及评估

中小河流洪水大多位于资料短缺的山丘区,具有突发性强,汇流时间短的特点,已成为当前防洪工作的重点和难点。新安江模型和SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型都是应用广泛的水文模型,但其在中小河流洪水模拟中的对比分析及效果评估方面还鲜有研究。以北潦南河为例,建立了日尺度和小时尺度的新安江模型和SWAT模型,评估2种模型在径流深、洪峰流量和峰现时间等关键要素方面的计算效果,分析各自优缺点。结果表明,在率定期间,新安江模型相对径流误差(RRE)、洪峰流量相对误差(RPE)和峰现时间误差(PTE)平均值分别为-2.6%、-4.3%、-0.3 h, SWAT模型RRE、RPE和PTE平均值分别为-4.3%、-3.3%、-0.1 h,新安江模型在RRE方面优于SWAT模型,但SWAT模型在RPE、PTE和多峰洪水模拟方面则优于新安江模型;在验证期得出了与率定期相同的结论。

不同的爱国诗篇,相同的英雄精神——《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》比较阅读

基于文本的古诗词解读方法是阅读鉴赏的基础,但并非古诗词阅读鉴赏的目的本身。初步掌握比较的思维方法是新课标“思辨性阅读与表达”学习任务群的重要学习目标。而比较阅读不仅让教师和学生发现古诗词的文本差异、进一步理解对应的人文主题,更重要的是由此可以引发更多的推理、质疑、讨论、延伸、应用,保持旺盛的好奇心和求知欲,进而自主自发地发掘、欣赏、吸收、内化古诗词的文化营养。本文以语文核心素养为导向,通过深入比较辛弃疾的两首名篇《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》和《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》在诗人故事、诗意载体、思想冲突等三个维度上的区别和联系,揭示了这两首诗词在表达爱国、沙场、英雄等主题时的深层次内涵和艺术特色。通过这种比较阅读,不仅能够更全面地理解诗词的意象和修辞,还能深刻体悟到诗词背后的精神内核和文化价值。因此,本文认为,从诗人故事、诗意载体、思想冲突等多个维度进行比较阅读,是探索以古诗词发展语文核心素养的有效方法。这种方法不仅有助于提升学生的文学鉴赏能力,也有助于培养他们的思辨能力和创造力,从而更好地理解和传承中华优秀传统文化。

流域水资源和生态环境综合治理启示--千岛湖及新安江流域案例

流域生态综合治理对推动流域生态文明建设具有重要意义。文章基于浙江千岛湖及新安江流域水资源与生态环境保护项目,对其在流域水环境综合治理中获得的成果及经验进行总结,并对后续流域生态综合治理提出建议。研究表明,项目采用SWAT模型进行污染特征识别,明确了主要污染形式及来源,给出了针对性生态修复意见,提高了综合治理效率。进而以小流域治理为单元,通过农业面源污染控制、森林生态系统修复、水资源管理等工作修复了流域生态系统。同时,基于《新安江流域水环境补偿协议》及千岛湖水基金,构建了多元化的流域生态补偿机制,为全国生态补偿体系贡献了浙江经验。

论阿信诗歌的审美张力

阿信的诗歌将西部地域的广阔和人类自我的渺小相统一,在人与自然的巨大反差中,形成独特的审美张力。在持续性的写作过程中,对主体的不断辩驳、追问与质疑,体现出诗人不屈不挠的超越精神和立体的审美感受。阿信的诗歌,充满对生命的敬畏和世俗的人性之美的赞叹。通过英美新批评的“张力论”分析,阿信诗歌中的多种元素产生的审美冲击使读者产生共鸣,获得灵魂的洗礼。阿信的诗歌审美建构,体现出诗人在寂静世界中通向神性写作的精神信仰,对研究阿信诗歌具有重要意义。

新万福河济宁段河道堤防管理的对策措施

河道堤防质量对防洪防汛、资源保护等起着积极的作用,对当地经济水平的提升有着现实意义。文章从新万福河现状着手,从源头出发,分析问题,结合当地区域情况,从管理制度、工程治理、生态修复和信息控制等方面提出建议,旨在提升新万福河河道堤防的综合防御能力。

诗教延续:论谐隐与美刺的历史互动

《文心雕龙·谐隐》历来被认为是中国诙谐文学理论的奠基之作。刘勰论述谐隐却并非有意关注其中的审美价值,而是着眼于政治教化作用。谐隐说和汉儒解诗之“美刺说”具有一定的关联,是刘勰的崇儒宗经思想以及诗教理念传承延续的表现。以诗教的角度观照《谐隐》,一方面有助于理清美刺与谐隐间的联系,另一方面也利于探索诗教在六朝的延续,并评价刘勰论述谐隐之得失。

肇兰新河河流生态系统健康评价及改善对策

为诊断肇兰新河的水环境问题,从水质、底质、水生态状况3个方面开展对肇兰新河流域为期1年(2021年夏季—2022年春季)的系统调研、监测与数据分析。采用多指标综合分析法,构建三层次递阶评价体系,选取物理完整性、水资源与安全、水质等7项指标构建肇兰新河河流生态系统健康综合评价指标体系,评价其健康状况。结果表明:肇兰新河源头青肯泡污染严重,干流沿岸以农业面源污染为主,水生态系统受到人类干扰强度较高,河流生态系统脆弱。肇兰新河河流健康总体评价得分为0.26,介于0.20~0.40,等级评级为“差”,其中河流上游、中游和下游健康总体评价的7个方面得分均低于0.4,部分评分低于0.2,评价等级为“差”或“极差”。从河流管理、水污染控制和水生态修复方面提出治理策略,采取优化断面布设、深度控制污染来源、清淤治理等措施改善肇兰新河生态环境。

论辛弃疾在常州词派师法体系中的地位演变

为挽清中词坛浙派之弊,张惠言《词选》作立“师”之论,重新提出辛弃疾。董士锡倡“六师”说,上升了辛弃疾的师法地位,以“清”为总体审美宗尚,对辛弃疾的“清雄”风格给出了效仿线索。周济进一步确立四家说,不仅巩固了辛弃疾的师法地位,又开示学词门径,突出了稼轩“痛快”“当行”的词作特质。晚清常州词派诸家,视稼轩为典范,在规范、建构稼轩词风的同时却囿于宗派意识,反而陷入了范式化、规定化的创作误区,体现了常州词派自身发展中的理论矛盾。钩沉稼轩于常州词派师法体系中的地位演变,对重新审视稼轩的词史地位,考察常州词派理论发展过程,探索清代中后期社会转型过程中的词风演变现象均具有重要意义。

立体的懂:杜甫《江村》细读

根据文献校勘的基本原则,结合近体诗声律以及杜诗早期流传的情况来看,《杜诗详注》和萧涤非《杜甫诗选注》对《江村》第七句的校改均不可取。“事事幽”三字是题旨也是总括,“幽”字是韵脚也是诗眼,“深重的感叹”之类的解释刻意求深,并不妥当。《江村》因其日常化书写、散文化句式、理性精神的滋长诸特征,被目为“开宋”之作,但这只能算作后世的追认,尊重历史的表述应是“学陶”;而尝试用近体七律来表现陶诗《和郭主簿》一类之题材风格,才是杜甫开拓诗世界的不懈努力。遵循立体化的阐释策略,可以披文入情,和作者意图郢质相逢,进而窥知《江村》阐释空间的堂庑之大,嵩华之高。