Research on Tourism Master Planning of Huangshan Hot Spring Scenic Area in China

Based on tourist resources' evaluation and tourism market development of Huangshan Hot Spring Scenic Area,by combining with relevant theories of "SWOT",the paper has identif ied the leading functional orientation and tourism development idea of the hot spring scenic area.Meanwhile,by following the principle of "sustainable use" of Huangshan natural resources,planning strategies and implementing suggestions have been put forward based on "addition,subtraction,multiplication and division".The ultimate purpose is to create diversified tourism experiences for tourists and improve tour quality of hot spring scenic area,and f inally build Huangshan tourism brand of "Snowy Hot Spring".

Application Effects of Ultra-fine Powder Shaped Maize Seed Coating Agent in Spring Sowing areas in northeast China

The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved around 5% and the num- ber of root increased by 4% in the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent compared with the control group without seed coating. What＇s more, the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent took advantages in terms of fresh weight of seeding, stem diameter, and dry weight. It is notable that control effects on underground insects performed the best, with per- centage over 94%, which is more excellent relative to other agents in markets. Therefore, ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent can be widely applied in spring sowing areas in northeast China, without side effects.

Evaluation of Tourist's Satisfaction Degree of Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area in Xi'an City

Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.

Wavelet analysis of spring climate characteristics in arid aeolian area of agro-pastoral ecotone in China

The unique regional climate characteristics are among the main reasons for the frequent wind-sand activity in arid and cold areas in the agro-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China. This paper focuses on the time series of temperature and precipitation in spring when sandstorms often occur in the area. Based on meteorological data for a 46-year period from 1959 to 2004, multi-scale variations and abrupt changes in temperature and precipitation were analyzed with the Mexican hat function （MHF） wavelet method, showing the multi-scale variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation, as well as the periods and change points at different time scales. The relationship between temperature and precipitation was obtained using the wavelet analysis method. Obvious staggered features of the variations of spring temperature and precipitation were observed in this agro-pastoral ecotone. The strongest oscillation periods of spring temperature variations were 1 and 22 years, while for precipitation, the strongest oscillation periods of variations were 2, 8, and 22 years. In addition, lower spring temperature corresponded to lower precipitation, whereas higher temperature yielded higher precipitation rate.

Shallow Analysis on the First Spring Soaking Rain Weather and Its Precipitation Enhancement Potential Forecast in Jinzhou Area in 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to study the first spring soaking rain weather and its precipitation enhancement potential forecast in Jinzhou area in 2010. [Method] From the weather situation characteristics, main influence system, forecast service, artificial precipitation enhancement operation and so on, the first spring soaking rain weather process in Jinzhou area in 2010 was summarized comprehensively. [Result] The weather situation characteristics of soaking rain were that the high-altitude cold air was weak, and the low-level warm wet airflow was obvious. The main influence systems were the high-altitude trough, the high-altitude shear line and the ground Mongolian cyclone. The ground inverted trough system advanced northward and got through with the same phase of Mongolian cyclone, which provided the certain energy and water vapor for the precipitation in Jinzhou area. It was one of key reasons for generating the soaking rain. The numerical forecast product played the certain guidance role in the forecast service work. The situation field forecast was accurate, but the precipitation forecast deviation was big. Therefore, the forecast service couldn’t depend on the numerical forecast product simply and totally, and should combine with the actual monitoring data to analyze and apply comprehensively. [Conclusion] The research played the safeguarding role in carrying out the large-scale artificial precipitation enhancement operation successfully in the whole area of Jinzhou.

Observed deformation characteristics of a deep excavation for the spring area in Jinan,China

The observed deflections and internal forces of pile-anchor retaining excavation were studied in spring area in Jinan city of China. Based on field measured data, the ground surface settlement, deflection of retaining piles and wall, internal force analysis of concrete piles, axial anchoring forces, groundwater table, and the deformation of surround building and pipelines were investigated. The results indicates that the combining application of concrete piles, jet grouting columns and anchors support system can effectively control excavation-induced surface ground settlements. The field maximum lateral wall deflections are between 0.o2% and o.19% of the excavation depth due to the competitive site conditions. The bending moment-depth relationship curve is S-type. Groundwater leakage results in the sharp drop in groundwater level, which is part of the reasons for the adjacent building settlement. The axial anchoring forces of the upper layer of anchors increase gradually during the excavation, but those of the lower layer of anchors slightly reduced firstly and then tend to be stable during the excavation procedure. In comparison with the histories of excavation cases, the small lateral wall deflection in this study results from the favorable site condition and the relative rigidity of the retaining structure system.

Characteristics of karst groundwater system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area

Guided by the theory of groundwater system, based on the groundwater level data from the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area, the authors took into account factors such as the lithology, geological structure and topography to study the relationship between groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage in this area. It was concluded that the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is the main source of groundwater supply in this area; the upper layer of the Spring area is distributed with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician karst water, and the lower layer is filled with the Jixian system karst water. The upper layer of karst water supplies to the lower layer of karst water or the pore water in loose strata through the fault while the lower layer of karst water runs to the three strong runoff belts from the east and west sides of the watershed, southwards into the basin, partially replenishing the pore water in loose strata, or forming fault Springs(e.g. Nanguan Spring, Beihai Spring) when dolomite movement encounters faults. Replenished by atmospheric precipitation and the upper and lower layers of karst waters, the pore water in loose strata joins the groundwater in the southern basin and then flows eastwards, in the end it flows out of the system in Shangfanpu. Through the analyses of groundwater level data and hydrogeological drilling data, based on groundwater D and ^(18) O isotope test results, the karst groundwater circulation system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area is further verified, which provides hydrogeological basis for water resources development and utilization as well as protection in this area.

Particle Size Characteristics of Soil in Karst Area with Different Land Use Pattern—A Case Study of Shuifang Spring,Jinfo Mt.,Chongqing

This paper tried to analyze the particle size characteristics of the soil samples in Shuifang Spring catchment area,Jinfo Mt.,Chongqing with different land use patterns that are horse race grassland, rhododendron bush,bamboos,and the grassland near the Shuifang spring.The different land usepattern in karst area is of great affection to the particle size characteristics of soil.The median diameter of the karst surface layer soil becomes gradually smaller and smaller in following sequence:horse race grassland,grassland near the Shuifang Spring,

Feasibility of Protection Zones for Water Resources in Arid Areas: Case Study;Duyuk Nueimah Shosa Springs, Jericho, Palestine

Urbanization and different human-economic activities put increasing pressure on the ground water quality, which is considered as the main drinking water resources in Palestine. Protecting the spring water resources in Palestine is one major issue for the continuity of the availability of the water resources. An economic feasibility study was conducted for the Nuewimah-Shosha-Dyuk spring system in order to assess the economical factor for the induced methodology of the protection zones. The spring system has multiple users from different sectors (i.e., domestic, agriculture, commercial and public use) and multi-year cost benefit analysis technique used to show the feasibility of water protection zones on the long run. The study shows that even in arid areas in Palestine, small quantities are derived from springs-implementation of water protection zones is still feasible;the results of this study emphasize on importance and feasibility of water resources protection zones.

Three-dimensional S-wave velocity structure of the upper crust in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:insights into the basins structure and genesis of hot springs

As one of the four largest bay areas with strong economic activities in the world,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GHMGBA)is located in the zone of interaction between the South China Block(SCB)and the South China Sea(SCS).Under the influence of complex geologic evolution,basin-range structures,fault systems and hot springs are well developed here.However,the characteristics of geological structures and the genetic mechanism of these geological phenomena are still unclear.Therefore,we performed ambient noise tomography to obtain 3-D upper crust(0-7.5 km)S-wave velocity structures of the GHMGBA by using 40-day continuous waveform data from 130 seismic stations in the GHMGBA.Our results show that sedimentary basins in the GHMGBA are mainly characterized by low-velocity anomalies.S-wave velocities of sediment formation in basins are about 2.8-3.1 km/s.Rapid changes in velocity appear at the edges of the basins,which correspond to the NE-,NEE-,and NW-trending faults,indicating prominent basin-controlling effects of the faults.The Sanshui Basin(SSB),the largest in the GHMGBA,has a developmental depth of about 4 km,and there is a significant difference in velocity gradient between the east and west sides of the basin,indicating that SSB has experienced east-west asymmetric expansion.Moreover,there are prominent low-velocity anomalies at a depth of about 4.5 km beneath the hot springs at the west of the Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary(ZRE).We infer that the low-velocity anomalies are fluid reservoirs of the hot springs,which lead to the development of the hot springs on the surface.In addition,the distribution of main cities in the GHMGBA shows a spatial correlation with low-velocity areas at shallow depths(<3 km).The population development trend in the GHMGBA in the past 20 years is also mainly concentrated in the structural province of relatively low-velocity.In combination with the GHMGBA basin structures and drainage distribution characteristics,we suggest that the basic geological environment to some extent affects the habitability of the human settlement and thus determines the distribution and development trend of the main urban context.We believe that the 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the upper crust of the GHMGBA obtained in this study,as well as the deep structural characteristics of the basins and hot springs,will provide support to urban construction planning and geological hazards research of the GHMGBA.

Effect of Limited Single Irrigation on Yield of Winter Wheat and Spring Maize Relay Intercropping

A field experiment was conducted during the 2002/2003 cropping season of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） and spring maize （Zea mays） to evaluate the effect of limited single drip irrigation on the yield and water use of both crops under relay intercropping in a semi-arid area of northwestern China. A controlled 35 mm single irrigation, either early or late, was applied to each crop at a certain growth stage. Soil water, leaf area, final grain yield and yield components such as the thousand-grain weight, length of spike, fertile spikelet number, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike were measured, and water use efficiency and leaf area index were calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated relay intercropping treatments and sole cropping controls. The results showed that yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and leaf area index in the relay intercropping treatments were affected by limited single drip irrigation during various growth stages of wheat and maize. The total yields in the relay intercropping treatment irrigated during the heading stage of wheat and the heading and anthesis stage of maize were the highest among all the treatments, followed by that irrigated during the anthesis stage of wheat and silking stage of maize; so was the water use efficiency. Significant differences occurred in most yield components between the irrigated and non-irrigated relay-intercropping treatments. The dynamics of the leaf area index in the relay-intercropped or solely cropped wheat and maize showed a type of single-peak pattern, whereas that of the relay intercropping treatments showed a type of double-peak pattern. Appropriately, limited single irrigation and controlled soil water content level could result in higher total yield, water use efficiency, and leaf area index, and improved yield components in relay intercropping. This practice saved the amount of water used for irrigation and also increased the yield. Therefore, heading stage of wheat and heading and anthesis stage of maize were suggested to be the optimum limited single irrigation time for relay-intercropped wheat and maize in the semi-arid area.

Real-time flood forecasting of Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas

A combination of the rainfall-runoff module of the Xin’anjiang model, the Muskingum routing method, the water stage simulating hydrologic method, the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method, and the real-time error correction method is applied to the real-time flood forecasting and regulation of the Huai River with flood diversion and retarding areas. The Xin’anjiang model is used to forecast the flood discharge hydrograph of the upstream and tributary. The flood routing of the main channel and flood diversion areas is based on the Muskingum method. The water stage of the downstream boundary condition is calculated with the water stage simulating hydrologic method and the water stages of each cross section are calculated from downstream to upstream with the diffusion wave nonlinear water stage method. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The faded-memory forgetting factor least square of error series is used as the real-time error correction method for forecasting discharge and water stage. As an example, the combined models were applied to flood forecasting and regulation of the upper reaches of the Huai River above Lutaizi during the 2007 flood season. The forecast achieves a high accuracy and the results show that the combined models provide a scientific way of flood forecasting and regulation for a complex watershed with flood diversion and retarding areas.

Macroalgae in a spring stream in Shanxi Province:composition and relation to physical and chemical variables

Fourteen stream segments were investigated throughout the Xin’an Spring in Shanxi Province, China in 2004. The variation ranges in stream size, current velocity, discharge, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance were large. Twenty-two macroalgae species were found in the stream. Major divisions in terms of species numbers were Chlorophyta (59.1%), Cyanophyta (22.8%), Xanthophyta (9.1%), Rhodophyta (4.5%) and Charophyta (4.5%). The most widespread species, Cladophora rivularis (50.0%), also Oedogonium sp. (42.9%) and Spirogyra sp. (42.9%) were well represented throughout the stream, whereas another 10 species were found in only one sampling site. Total percentage cover varied from <1% to 90%. Red algae Batrachospermum acuatum and the charophytes Chara vulgaris have the highest percentage cover. Among the parameters analyzed, the stream width, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen were the ones that more closely related to the species number and percentage cover of macroalgal communities. The species number of each site was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen content. The total percentage cover of the macroalgae was negatively correlated with the stream width and the specific conductance.

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Spring Maize (Zea mays L.)of Different Quality Type

common maize synthetic rate（ Photosynthetic characteristics were probed by sweet maize, waxy maize, high starch maize and The results revealed that leaf area index （LAI）, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content,photo-PR） showed single peak curve at the whole growth stage. The stages of peak were different according to different varieties. NEAUS4 had the lowest peak and while SIDAN 19 had the highest among all stages. Ratio of chlorophyll a to b was low at seedling stage, reached the peak atjointing stage and then declined. SIDAN 19 had the lower level at the last stages.

川西巴塘地区富锂温泉的同位素特征及其成因探讨

川西巴塘地区处于青藏高原东南缘,是地壳新构造运动活跃、地震活动强烈而密集的地区,其中茶洛—德达地段是温泉聚集区,富锂沸泉与温泉密集发育。为进一步认识该区富锂温泉的成因以及温泉与地震活动的关系,开展了温泉水氢、氧、碳和锂同位素的综合研究,阐明了地热流体、锂和热量的来源,探讨了富锂温泉的成因及其与地震活动的关系,为该区富锂温泉的研究和勘查提供支撑。研究结果显示:1)茶洛—德达地段发育章柯、茶洛富锂沸泉和查青卡富锂温泉,锂含量高达1353.00~3592.00µg·L^(-1),其锂同位素组成δ7Li介于-0.53‰~1.74‰之间;2)该区富锂温泉水主要来源于周边4800~5200 m的高山区域大气降水,温泉流体循环深度可达6900~8500 m,与该区部分地震的震源深度相当;3)富锂温泉的深部发生较强的高温(温度236~289℃)水-岩反应,碳酸盐岩、富锂花岗岩等释放出碳和锂等元素,形成查青卡富锂温泉(1353~1392µg·L^(-1));章柯、茶洛沸泉除上述锂来源外,还有深部高温富锂流体混入,从而形成更高温(240~289℃)、更富锂(2736~3592µg·L^(-1))的地热流体;4)该区章柯、茶洛富锂沸泉的热源除以深部(地壳、地幔)热流为主要热源外,还有地震断层摩擦热、深部流体热为补充热源,频发的地震活动持续地、脉动式地为章柯、茶洛地热系统补充热量,形成富锂沸泉。查青卡富锂温泉热源主要为深部(地壳、地幔)热流,无断层摩擦热和深部流体热补充。

晋祠泉域岩溶地下水防污性能评价与水质保护区划分

晋祠泉域岩溶水是太原市生活和工农业生产等重要的水源。文章以新划分的晋祠泉域岩溶水系统为评价对象,在欧洲方法及“水量脆弱性评价”的基础上,选取包气带厚度、入渗补给强度、上覆地层岩性及岩溶含水层的富水性4个指标,进行泉域岩溶水系统防污性能评价及水质保护区划分。结果表明:泉域泉源保护区主要分布在晋祠公园及周边;一级保护区主要分布在汾河主干流、西山山前碳酸盐岩裸露区,屯兰川、天池河及柳林河碳酸盐岩渗漏段等;二级保护区主要分布在泉域北部、汾河北岸等;准保护区主要分布在汾河南岸、东南部的太原盆地地区等。

太行山区阜平县温泉水化学特征及成因分析

河北省阜平县位于太行山腹地,温泉出露于变质岩地层和变质核杂岩构造区,开展温泉水化学及成因分析,对于变质岩区隆起山地型地热资源的勘查开发具有一定的指导意义。本文基于阜平县自然地理及区域地热地质背景,采用野外调查及采样测试等手段,综合运用水化学及稳定同位素等方法明确了温泉水化学特征和主要离子物质来源,初步推测了温泉的补给来源、深部热源等。阜平县温泉水质总体呈弱碱性,变质岩区温泉水化学类型为SO_(4)^(-)Na型,碳酸盐岩区为HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg型,水化学演化以风化溶解作用为主导,阳离子交换作用为辅。温泉流体中的SO4^(2+)、Na^(+)主要来自硫化物和硅酸盐溶解,HCO_(3)^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)主要来自碳酸盐溶解。研究区温泉的补给水源为大气降水,并具有轻微的18O漂移现象,补给高程为1500~2600m,推测补给区位于研究区西北部变质岩区和东北部的碳酸盐岩区;研究区温泉样品均达石英理论平衡溶解线,估算热储温度56.46~133.71℃,循环深度2213.0~8092.3m;研究区温泉热源主要来自深部幔枝构造、低速高导层及构造热,韧性剪切带和深大断裂作为传热通道,地表热显示主要受控于断裂构造。研究区地热资源属于深循环可再生能源,热储温度达中高温标准,可进一步开展深部地热资源的勘查开发工作,促进当地经济绿色可持续发展,助力阜平县乡村建设。

基于STM32的塔机数据采集和监控系统设计

针对塔机作业对运行状态参数和作业环境实时监测的需求,设计了一种基于STM32的塔机数据采集和监控系统。该系统采用STM32F103RCT6为核心的微处理器对塔机运行各项状态参数结合传感器进行数据采集和处理,传感器信号经带数字隔离的A/D转换模块和RS485转TTL模块传输到微处理器,微处理器通过串口转以太网模块将采集的传感器数据发送到由工业交换机和网络摄像机组建的局域网中。最后,采用Java语言结合Spring Boot框架开发系统上位机页面对传感器数据和视频监控画面进行显示。通过测试,该系统能够对塔机运行状态参数和塔机作业环境进行实时监测,传感器采集数据的平均相对误差为0.74%,摄像机监控画面平均延时20.4 ms,实现了数据高速准确的实时监测,满足了监测塔机的系统需求。

长期施用有机肥对半干旱区春小麦产量及其水分利用效率和土壤有机碳的影响

以国家土壤质量安定观测试验站黄绵土区的农田长期定位试验为研究对象,研究长期施用有机肥对半干旱区春小麦产量及其水分利用效率和有机碳的影响。结果表明,连续种植7年春小麦,施肥显著影响小麦产量及其水分利用效率,以化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理效果最好,较单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(OM)处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率分别增加了7.18%和7.82%、5.91%和3.83%;在定位施肥初期(前3年),NPKM和NPK处理的效果优于OM,在第4年三者无差异,而第5年及之后,NPKM和OM处理的效果明显好于NPK处理。长期NPKM和OM处理较NPK处理0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加了36.88%和31.98%,有机碳储量分别显著增加了31.17%~41.94%和27.80%~35.81%,表层0~10 cm的增加效果显著好于10~20 cm土层。不同施肥处理对0~20 cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)的影响表现为NPKM>OM>NPK>CK,且差异显著,长期NPKM和OM处理较NPK处理土壤MBC分别显著增加了46.4%和28.7%,长期单施NPK处理可显著增加土壤MBC含量,但对有机碳影响不明显。综上所述,长期NPKM或OM处理可显著增加黄绵土小麦地土壤有机碳和MBC含量,增加有机碳储量,有利于农田土壤固碳增汇,提高小麦产量及其水分利用效率。

东北地区春白菜高效栽培技术

近年来随着市场需求及乡村振兴的不断发展,东北地区春白菜栽培面积在逐年扩增,春白菜的上市既填补了北方地区大白菜季节性供应的短缺,同时也提高了种植户的经济效益。高效规范的春白菜栽培技术是东北地区亟待的栽培技术之一。