Study on ecological migration in Xinjiang, China

This paper expounds on the meaning of migration and the status quo of studies at home and abroad on migration and ecological migration. It focuses on the discussion of the necessity of ecological migration in Xinjiang, and the problems faced by the ecological emigrants, such as the lack of water, the serious land salination and basification, sand storms, and the adaptation to the environment. Besides, it probes into the problems existing in the ecological migration, including the unscientific design of the moving project, the defects of the reclamation work, and the irrational treatment of the relation between ecological migration and regional development. Based on this, we put forward some suggestions about and countermeasures against those problems.

新疆油田三元复合驱采出液乳化及破乳影响因素

为了明确新疆油田三元复合驱采出液的乳化和破乳机理,研究了采用驱油剂(弱碱Na_2CO_3、表面活性剂KPS和聚合物HPAM)和破乳剂室内配制的三元复合驱模拟乳液的乳化和破乳情况。结果表明,弱碱Na_2CO_3浓度对模拟乳液与原油间的界面张力影响最为明显,当Na_2CO_3、KPS和HPAM浓度均为400 mg/L时,油水界面张力从13.957 mN/m降至0.018 mN/m。表面活性剂KPS对模拟乳液的Zeta电位降低作用明显,当表面活性剂加量为600 mg/L时,乳液的Zeta电位从-31.5 mV降至-53.6 mV;聚合物HPAM对模拟乳液的黏度影响显著,而碱和表面活性剂对模拟乳液的黏度影响不明显。低的界面张力、强的负电性、高的乳化程度和大的水相黏度共同导致三元复合驱乳液稳定性增强。在三元复合驱乳液的破乳过程中,油水界面张力和Zeta电位均显著升高,且升高程度与破乳效果的好坏呈现正相关性。AR型破乳剂对新疆油田三元复合驱采出液的破乳效果最佳。