Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central-Eastern Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range

The southern Great Xing'an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China.However,the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic”flare-up“event remains uncertain.This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence,petrology,zircon U-Pb ages,whole-rock geochemistry,and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner,central-eastern Inner Mongolia.These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(with ages of 137±1 Ma and 138±1 Ma)and(porphyritic)alkali feldspar granite(with an age of 141±2 Ma),corresponding to the early Early Cretaceous.They are A-type granites characterized by high silicon,alkali,and TFeO/MgO contents while being depleted of Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,and Ti.They show right-dipping trend rare-earth element distribution characteristics with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.01-0.20)and weak heavy rare-earth element fractionation((Gd/Yb)_(N)=0.77-2.30).They demonstrate homogeneous zircon Hf isotopic compositions(positiveε_(Hf)(t)values from+5.3 to+7.1 and young two-stage Hf model ages of 851-742 Ma)and high zircon saturation temperatures(av.810℃).These geochemical characteristics indicate that Wenduerchagan granites originated from the partial melting of juvenile crust under high-temperature and low-pressure conditions.Wenduerchagan granites most likely formed in a post-collisional compression-extension transition regime caused by the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,when combined with regional geology.Such a transition regime can probably be attributed to the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle caused by the break-off of a subducted Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic slab.Upwelling asthenospheric mantle provided sufficient energy and favorable tectonic conditions for magmatism and mineralization of the Early Cretaceous.

Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Early Permian Baya'ertuhushuo Gabbro in South Great Xing'an Range

领域地质的调查和 geochemical 分析在南方伟人 Xing'an 在 Baya'ertuhushuo 斑粝岩上被执行范围。当以前想了，领域调查表明斑粝岩是 magmatic 侵入而非一间 ophiolite 套房的一个部件。标明日期的诱导地联合的血浆团光谱学(LA-ICP-MS ) U-Pb 显示的锆石激光脱离斑粝岩在 274275 妈，被形成就作为 Dashizhai 形成(P1d ) 的普遍暴烈的岩石，在学习区域的 monzogranites 和 miarolitic 碱长石花岗石。斑粝岩有在 47.23 wt% 之间的 SiO2 内容，分别地， 50.17 wt% ，高 MgO 和 FeOT 6.9511.29 满足 wt% 和 7.3212.24 wt% ，它在 SiO2-K2O 图属于 low-K tholeiitic 系列。使球粒状陨石正常化的稀土元素元素(REE ) 模式和斑粝岩的原始使披风正常化的蜘蛛图除了大离子亲石元素元素(LILE ) 的丰富类似于正常海中央理兹暗岩(N-MORB ) 的那些，例如 Rb， Ba 和 K。在踪迹元素构造的歧视的图，样品主要也在 situ Lu-Hf 同位素的分析在 N-MORB 领域，和锆石里被阴谋显示斑粝岩从弄空的披风发源。通过 geochemical 特征的合成研究和 Baya'ertuhushuo 斑粝岩的 petrogenesis ，在区域的 Dashizhai 形成和 granitoids 的暴烈的岩石，在 Xilinhot-Xiwuqi 区域的早二叠的 magmatism 在岩流圈 upwelling 的构造背景形成了，这被建议，它被 subducted 的打破离开引起Paleo亚洲的海洋平板。

Zoning Analysis of Major Meteorological Disaster Risks in Xing'an League

According to the survey data of meteorological disasters in the counties and the ground meteorological observation data of Xing'an League,a disaster risk index assessment model based on Arc GIS 10.3 was established taking hazard factors,hazard inducing environment,hazard-bearing body and disaster prevention and reduction capability into account.According to the degree of influence of each assessment factor,the risk coefficients of three meteorological disasters,drought,sand wind and frost were calculated,and risk zoning was conducted for various meteorological disasters.The results showed that among the major meteorological disasters in Xing'an League,drought had the highest risk degree,followed by frost,and sand wind had the lowest risk degree.In Xing'an League,the areas with high drought risk are mostly located in Aershan City and in the northwest of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner;the high-risk areas of sand wind are located in the north of Jalaid Banner,in the northwest and southeast of Tuquan County,and in the central and southeastern parts of the Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner;and the eastern part of Ulanhot,the southeastern part of Jalaid Banner,the southeastern part of Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner and the central part of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner are highly threatened by frost.The analysis results can provide some reference for disaster prevention and reduction and meteorological decision making in the local areas.

Zircon Hf Isotope Mapping for Understanding Crustal Architecture and Its Controls on Mineralization during Early Cretaceous in the Southern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

Voluminous Early Cretaceous granitoids and associated large-scale ore deposits are distributed within the southern Great Xing'an Range(SGXR),NE China.Based on previously published geochronology and zircon Hf-isotope data,Hf isotope mapping is undertaken to improve our understanding of crustal architecture and its controls on ore deposits.The ore-related Early Cretaceous granitoids were sourced predominantly from juvenile crust,with the involvement of variable proportions of ancient crustal materials.The crustal architecture,as inferred from Hf isotopic contour maps,indicates two distinct Hf isotopic domains in SGXR,including(1)a higher-ε_(Hf)(+7 to+11)juvenile crust containing minor ancient crustal material,and(2)a lower-ε_(Hf)(+2 to+6)juvenile crust containing a greater proportion of ancient crustal materials.The Hf isotopic maps identify links between crustal architecture and regional metallogeny.Copper deposits and other deposits with significant Cu production are restricted mainly to the higher-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the northern and eastern SGXR.Deposits dominated by other metals(e.g.,Mo,Sn,W,Pb,Zn,and Ag)occur mainly in the lower-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the southern and western SGXR.Interaction between juvenile crust-derived melts and ancient crustal components played an important role on the distribution of various ore metals.

Cooling and wetting of soil decelerated ground freezingethawing processes of the active layer in Xing'an permafrost regions in Northeast China

The accelerated or decelerated freezingethawing processes of the active layer in Xing'an permafrost regions are crucial for the protection of permafrost.To better understand the freezingethawing processes of the active layer and its driving factors,according to the observation from 2017 to 2020 of soil temperature and water content in the active layer of forest and peatland in two representative hemiboreal ecosystems in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,Northeast China,the study explored in detail the effects of climatic conditions and local factors on the hydrothermal and freezingethawing processes of active layer soils.The results showed that during the freezingethawing cycles of 2017-2020,freezing and thawing start times in the peatland and forest ecosystems soils were generally delayed,and it took longer for the active layer soil to completely thaw than to freeze.The annual average soil temperature in the peatland's active layer(5-80 cm)was 0.7-2.0℃ lower than that in the forest,and the annual average soil moisture content on the peatland was 5.5%-26.7%higher than that in the forest.Compared with the forest ecosystem soils,the ground surface freezing time of the peatland was delayed by 3e10 d,and the freezing rate decreased by 1.1-1.5 cm d1,while the beginning time of thawing was advanced by 22-27 d,and the thawing rate decreased by 1.3-1.4 cm d^(-1).In the process of decreasing soil temperature and increasing soil moisture content,the freezing and thawing rate of the active layer would be reduced,decelerating the freezingethawing processes of the active layer in the process of decreasing soil temperature and increasing soil moisture content.The results provide the key original data for studying the formation and evolution of active layer and permafrost in the Xing'an permafrost regions in Northeast China and can be used to validate the prediction of ecosystem succession under the combined influences of climate change and permafrost degradation.

华北板块北缘东段库伦杂岩的发现及其构造意义

在华北板块北缘东段辽宁与内蒙古交界的库伦旗地区新发现了以晚古生代变质火山岩为主体的库伦杂岩.通过剖面测制,确定库伦杂岩岩石组合包括凝灰岩、安山岩及变沉积岩.凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果为391.0±3.7 Ma,确定库伦杂岩形成时代为中泥盆世.地球化学特征显示库伦杂岩形成于晚期岛弧环境.通过对新发现的中泥盆世库伦杂岩及相关古生代的沉积事件、岩浆事件及变形的研究,结合本区古生代杂岩、岩浆岩及火山沉积地层研究成果,建立了华北板块北缘东段古生代增生型造山带的构造演化过程,其经历了志留纪活动大陆边缘阶段、泥盆纪弧-陆碰撞阶段、石炭纪-中二叠世活动大陆边缘阶段和晚二叠世碰撞造山阶段.志留系方家屯岩组、西别河岩组形成于弧后盆地环境,反映了奥陶纪-志留纪研究区处于活动大陆边缘环境;泥盆纪库伦杂岩火山-沉积为弧-陆碰撞结果,伴随伸展背景下的岩浆活动.石炭纪-中二叠世研究区在碰撞后伸展背景下重新拉张,接受了白家店岩组、酒局子岩组沉积并导致了佟家屯岩组火山岛弧的形成.晚二叠世古亚洲洋闭合,发生陆-陆碰撞,后造山作用延续到三叠纪.

内蒙古边家大院锡多金属矿床成矿岩体岩石地球化学特征及成矿潜力评价

内蒙古边家大院锡多金属矿床是大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带的代表性矿床之一,其西矿区主要发育斑岩型Sn-Cu-Mo矿体,矿体发育于石英斑岩体内。文章通过对石英斑岩开展全岩地球化学、锆石Hf同位素以及锆石微量元素地球化学分析研究,确定了该含矿岩体岩浆性质、来源及演化历史,探讨了成岩成矿关系,并进一步评估了该岩体成锡、铜矿潜力。研究表明,边家大院石英斑岩为准铝质-弱过铝质,高钾钙碱性花岗岩。稀土元素具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损,Eu负异常明显的特征。微量元素具有富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的特征。结合其较低的Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值以及较高的Rb/Sr比值判断其经历了高分异结晶演化。根据锆石微量元素地球化学特征,确定边家大院石英斑岩源于还原性(ΔFMQ-0.15)、高温贫水(>750℃)岩浆。边家大院石英斑岩ε_(Hf)(t)为-0.86~5.99,TDM2=809~1240 Ma,为中元古代—新元古代年轻地壳部分熔融形成。根据锆石微量元素Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+),Ce_(N)/Ce_(N)^(*),Ce/Nd和Eu_(N)/Eu_(N)^(*)指针性比值及岩浆特性判断,该石英斑岩有利于锡金属富集成矿,而成铜钼矿潜力小。

火烧迹地恢复后不同稳定机制土壤有机碳库特征研究

以大兴安岭重度火烧迹地经过不同方式恢复的林分土壤为研究对象,采用物理-化学联合分组方法,研究未保护、物理保护、化学保护、生物化学保护、物理-化学保护和物理-生物化学保护有机碳组分含量特征及其与土壤总有机碳含量间的关系。结果表明,1)人工恢复的林分土壤总有机碳、未保护有机碳、物理保护有机碳、物理-化学保护有机碳、物理-生物化学保护有机碳和生物化学保护有机碳含量均显著高于自然恢复。化学保护有机碳含量在不同恢复方式下变化不显著。除化学保护有机碳和物理-化学保护有机碳外,其余各保护态有机碳均表现为上层土壤含量显著高于下层(P<0.05)。2)2种恢复方式下的土壤有机碳组分均以未保护有机碳占比最高,物理-化学保护有机碳占比最低。与天然恢复相比,人工恢复下的土壤物理保护有机碳含量占比显著提高2.80%~3.19%(P<0.05)。3)回归分析表明,除物理-化学保护有机碳和化学保护有机碳组分外,其余各保护态有机碳组分与总有机碳含量之间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.001)。大兴安岭重度火烧迹地经过32 a的人工恢复,更利于土壤总有机碳积累,土壤未保护有机碳的积累更多。研究结果为该区域重度火烧迹地植被恢复提供科学依据。

早侏罗世粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩岩石地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学特征及成因——以大兴安岭北段潮满林场地区为例

以大兴安岭北段额尔古纳地块北缘潮满林场地区粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩为研究对象,采用地质调查、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学方法,分析粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩岩石学、主量元素、微量元素和年代学等特征,探讨成因及构造环境。结果表明:潮满林场地区粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩具有Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩中SiO_(2)的质量分数为68.92%~72.44%,Na 2O的质量分数为4.65%~4.85%,K_(2)O的质量分数为3.33%~4.41%,Al_(2)O_(3)的质量分数为15.25%~16.75%,里特曼指数为0.95~2.84;稀土元素总量的质量分数为(101.24~152.40)×10^(-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,其中富集Rb、Th、Ce、Zr等元素,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素。粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆来源于新增生下地壳物质的部分熔融,形成于早侏罗世(192.1±1.6)Ma。研究区早侏罗世粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩的形成环境为与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋南向俯冲—碰撞作用相关的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境。该结果为研究大兴安岭北段潮满林场地区粗中粒黑云母二长花岗岩岩体构造背景和年代学提供依据。

Zircon SHRIMP geochronology of the Xinkailing-Kele complex in the northwestern Lesser Xing'an Range, and its geological implications

Located in the eastern portion of the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB), the Xinkailing-Kele complex has previously been considered to be Precambrian metamorphic rocks, mainly according to its relatively high metamorphic grade. Our filed observation, however, revealed that the complex is composed mainly of metamorphic rocks (Kele complex), tectono-schists (“Xinkailing Group”),and granitoids (Xinkailing granitic complex). Dating on these rocks using advanced SHRIMP zircon U-Pb technique indicates that: (1) Biotite-plagioclase gneiss from the Kele complex has a protolith age of 337±7Ma (2σ) and a metamorphic age of 216±3Ma (2σ); (2) the tectono-schist of the “Xinkailing Group” gave a magmatic age of 292±6Ma (2σ), indicative of felsic volcanic protolith of the schist formed in Late Paleozoic time; and (3) the Menluhedingzi and Lengchuan granites of the Xinkailing granitic complex were emplaced at167±4 (20σ) and 164±4Ma (2σ), respectively. These results suggest that the Xinkailing-Kele complex is not Precambrian metamorphic rocks and the so-called Precambrian “Nenji-ang Block” does essentially not exist. In combination with regional geological data, we propose that the Kele metamorphic complex is likely related to a collisional tectonism that took place in Triassic lime, as indicted by its metamorphic age of 216±3Ma. The Xinkailing granitic complex was emplaced along the collisional zone during Mid-Jurassic time，likely in a post-orogenic or anorogenic setting.

Age,Association and Provenance of the “Neoproterozoic” Fengshuigouhe Group in the Northwestern Lesser Xing'an Range,NE China:Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology

The formation time of the Fengshuigouhe (风水沟河) Group in the northwestern Lesser Xing'an Range (小兴安岭),NE China,remains controversial owing to the lake of the precise dating data.This article reports zircon U-Pb ages for the leptynite and gneissic granitoids from the Fengshuigouhe Group in the northwestern Lesser Xing'an Range.The aim is to constrain the formation time and provenance of Fengshuigouhe Group.Field observation indicates that the Fengshuigouhe Group consists of a suit of metamorphic rocks (leptynite) and gneissic granitoids intruding the leptynite,and that both of them are cut by late granitic pegmatite.Zircons from two leptynites are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display oscillatory zoning in CL (cathodeluminescence) images.These detrital zircons give weighted mean ages of 255,291,321,361,469,and 520 Ma.The youngest age of them is interpreted to maximum depositional age of the protoliths of these leptynites.Zircons from gneissic granites are euhedral and subhedral in shape and exhibit typical oscillatory zoning in CL images.The dating results indicate that the gneissic granites were formed in the Early Jurassic (185±2 Ma).Zircons from the late granitic pegmatite are subhedral in shape and exhibit two types in CL images:structureless and oscillatory zoning.The former gives a weighted mean age of 143±1 Ma,considered to represent the timing of crystallization of the pegmatite,the latter yield several groups of ages:178,273,319,482,611,and 788 Ma,representing the crystallization age of inherited or captured zircons entrained by the pegmatite.Taken together,we conclude that the Fengshuigouhe Group in the northwestern Lesser Xing'an Range formed between Late Paleozoic (255 Ma) to Early Mesozoic (185 Ma),rather than Neoproterozoic as previously believed,and that the sediments in the Fengshuigouhe Group were sourced directly from geological bodies in the study area and adjacent regions.

小兴安岭伊东林场金多金属矿床火山-次火山岩年代学、岩石地球化学及构造背景

伊东林场金多金属矿床是小兴安岭地区新发现的浅成低温热液型金矿,矿区内火山-次火山岩分布广泛,其中闪长玢岩和英安岩与成矿具有成因联系。为了厘定闪长玢岩和英安岩与成矿的关系,制约成矿时代,本文对其进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,与成矿密切相关的火山-次火山岩为一套过铝质钙碱性火山岩系,具有轻稀土富集和弱的Eu负异常,富集Rb、Ba大离子亲石元素和Th、U等不相容元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素等与俯冲有关的弧岩浆特征。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,闪长玢岩与英安岩的成岩年龄分别为(99.60±0.62)Ma和(98.50±0.50)Ma,均形成于早白垩世。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,样品具有高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i值(0.70720~0.70770),低ε_(Nd)(t)值(-3.47~-2.42)以及ε_(Hf)(t)值(-2.22~4.11),反映形成源区以幔源为主,但受较强的地壳混染。研究结果揭示,研究区早白垩世火山-次火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧环境下,为受俯冲洋板片脱水释放的流体交代上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融的产物,并在演化过程中受到较强的地壳混染。结合区域地质背景,推测认为该套早白垩世火山-次火山岩形成于区域伸展构造背景下,与古太平洋板块俯冲回撤的动力学背景有关。

综合土壤和重砂测量在内蒙古扎鲁特旗坤得来扎拉格地区锡多金属找矿中的应用

为明确找矿方向,实现找矿突破,在坤得来扎拉格地区开展了1∶10000土壤地球化学测量和自然重砂测量,对土壤中W、Sn、Pb、Zn等10种元素的地球化学特征和自然重砂的重矿物特征进行了初步总结。利用相关分析对元素的共生组合关系进行了研究,显示区内地球化学元素组合为Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu和Sn-W-Mo-Bi,其中Sn富集分异最为强烈,Sn含量峰值大于300×10^(-6)。通过自然重砂测量查明了矿区内有锡石、石榴子石、钛铁矿、锆石等23种重矿物,并通过重矿物组合特征、锡石延伸系数和地质特征初步查明了矿区锡多金属矿的成因为热液脉型。最终结合元素地球化学特征、锡石分布组合特征和异常区内已发现的矿化线索,优选出了坤得来扎拉格Sn-W多金属找矿预测区和坤得来扎拉格南Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn多金属找矿预测区。

切穿兴蒙造山带的深断面--岩石圈电性结构及改造模式

兴蒙造山带自早古生代形成稳定的佳蒙地块以来,受到古亚洲洋闭合、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合,尤其是太平洋板块俯冲构造事件的影响.为了揭示兴蒙造山带岩石圈电性结构及改造模式,本文基于横切额尔古纳地块、兴安地块、松辽地块及佳木斯地块约1300 km的大地电磁测深剖面,对81个长周期测点进行非线性共轭梯度二维反演,获得了兴蒙造山带东西向完整的电性结构模型.结果显示:对于岩石圈尺度的结构,不同构造单元具有明显的横向差异性,额尔古纳地块岩石圈整体呈低阻特征;兴安地块岩石圈呈高阻特征;松辽地块的松辽盆地和小兴安岭岩石圈分别呈低阻-高阻特征;佳木斯地块岩石圈呈高、低阻交替的特征.在软流圈尺度,兴安地块和松辽地块存在大规模高导异常C2、C3,呈"U"型状与上方岩石圈相连,连接处对应东北地区盆山结合部位或主要的缝合带.研究表明兴蒙造山带岩石圈遭受了强烈的改造作用,结合区域构造背景,本文提出"自下而上"的岩石圈改造模式:在地幔转换带处水平滞留的太平洋板块持续扰动兴蒙造山带下方的软流圈,导致软流圈物质的上涌以及古缝合线的活化,形成的薄弱带为软流圈物质的侵入提供了有利通道,太平洋板块的俯冲深刻影响着兴蒙造山带岩石圈的演化过程.

兴安地块南段霍布林岩体成因及其对蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋演化的启示

兴安地块在中晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆活动强烈,深入了解该时期的花岗岩成因和岩浆演化过程,对完善该地区中生代构造演化的认识及指导找矿具有重要的指示意义。从锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学特征等角度对兴安地块南段的霍布林岩体进行了全面研究。研究结果表明,霍布林岩体由正长斑岩、二长斑岩2种岩性组成,且以前者为主。二者的侵位年龄分别为157±1 Ma和139±1 Ma,形成于晚侏罗世、早白垩世2个阶段,是晚中生代早期构造岩浆事件的反映。地球化学研究表明,2种岩石均具有分异程度中等、富碱、富钠、准(弱)铝质及SiO_(2)与P_(2)O_(5)负相关的特点,再结合偏高的Zr含量(276.3×10^(-6)~499.5×10^(-6))及锆石饱和温度(788~881℃),将这2种岩石归属为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列的I型花岗岩,并向A型过渡;岩体稀土元素总量中等—偏高,弱负Eu异常,轻稀土元素富集而重稀土元素亏损,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K,亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、P、Ti,尤以正长斑岩更明显。地壳加厚和部分熔融作用可能是岩体主要形成机制,结合区域构造演化,认为其形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的后碰撞环境,区域应力场由挤压向伸展转变,进一步推测蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋在兴安地块南段的闭合时限早于157±1 Ma。

大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及形成地质背景讨论

【研究目的】大兴安岭分布着中国东北最大的中生代火山岩带,白音高老组是该中生代火山岩重要组成部分,白音高老组的年代学及地球化学特征可为大兴安岭地区构造演化提供基础地质资料。【研究方法】本文对大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试。【研究结果】流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(127.6±1.2)Ma,属早白垩世。岩石地球化学数据显示,岩体属高硅高钾弱过铝质钙碱性系列。岩石整体富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和高场强元素Nb、P、Ti,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损,具有中等的富Eu异常(δEu=0.49~0.87)。【结论】综合区域地质特征及本次研究认为,大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩的形成构造背景可能与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下俯冲作用有关。

维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床铌铁矿族矿物特征及其对岩浆-热液演化的指示

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托大型稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿岩体从深部的中粒花岗岩向上逐渐过渡为斑状细粒碱长花岗岩,记录了岩浆演化的不同阶段。为查明铌铁矿族矿物成分、结构变化及其与岩浆演化过程的耦合关系,文章对采自不同深度的3种类型花岗岩(中粒花岗岩、石英斑晶不具雪球结构的斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和具雪球结构的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩)中的铌铁矿族矿物进行了详细的电子探针成分分析和元素面扫工作。维拉斯托矿床铌铁矿族矿物主要为铌铁矿,发育渐变环带结构,从核部到边部Ta含量增加,且斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和斑状细粒碱长花岗岩铌铁矿族矿物边部的铌铁矿、铌锰矿相较于幔部和核部的铌铁矿,其Ta含量具有明显的组分间隔;铌铁矿族矿物Mn/(Fe+Mn)原子比具有多种演化趋势,与分离结晶的矿物相和流体交代作用有关。中粒花岗岩和斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿结晶于岩浆阶段,斑状细粒碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿族矿物结晶于岩浆-热液过渡阶段。其中,斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩铌铁矿边部Ta含量增加与铁锂云母的分离结晶作用有关,斑状细粒碱长花岗斑岩铌铁矿族矿物边部Ta含量的突变与岩浆-热液过渡阶段的水硅酸盐液体中Ta溶解度的增加有关。斑状细粒碱长花岗岩石英斑晶中共生的熔体包裹体和流体包裹体表明,石英斑晶的雪球结构形成于熔-流体共存的岩浆-热液过渡阶段,出溶的富钨流体交代铌铁矿族矿物在其边部形成富铌钽的黑钨矿,并导致边部铌铁矿族矿物中的Mn含量增加。铌铁矿族矿物结构和成分的连续变化可以用来示踪岩浆-热液演化过程。

大兴安岭北部新林地区早古生代高分异花岗岩成因及其构造意义

大兴安岭北段的早古生代岩浆活动主要集中分布于新林-喜桂图缝合带东北缘漠河、塔河等地,而该时期缝合带西南缘的岩浆活动报道甚少,研究相对薄弱。本文以新林地区构造混杂岩带中的花岗岩脉为研究对象,开展了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素分析,以探讨岩石成因和构造意义。岩脉岩性以正长花岗岩为主,二长花岗岩次之。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,正长花岗岩的成岩年龄为502±2 Ma,属于早古生代岩浆活动的产物。地球化学分析显示,岩石具高硅(SiO2含量为74.25%~75.60%)、富碱(碱含量介于7.30%~8.22%之间),贫铁、镁、钙、钛、磷,高钾钙碱性,过铝质,中等负Eu异常的特征;富集Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr,贫Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,10000×Ga/Al值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值均低于A型花岗岩的下限值,锆石饱和温度(696~718℃)较低,P2O5与SiO2呈负相关性,Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba和K/Rb等比值均较低,指示其为高分异I型花岗岩。岩浆锆石的εHf(t)值变化于范围较大,为-12.9~+2.9,表明其源区可能为不均一的地壳源区,且以中―新元古代新生地壳为主。岩浆锆石两阶段模式年龄反映额尔古纳地块在古元古代和中―新元古代期间曾发生两次重要的地壳增生事件。结合区域地质背景,本文认为该岩脉形成于后造山构造环境,其成因可能与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块碰撞结束后加厚的岩石圈构造伸展垮塌过程中幔源岩浆底侵引起地壳部分熔融有关。

内蒙古大兴安岭南段森林死亡对植物多样性的影响

【目的】为了解内蒙古大兴安岭南段森林大面积非正常死亡对森林植物多样性的影响。【方法】以内蒙古大兴安岭南段赛罕乌拉保护区杨桦次生林为研究对象。通过调查森林死亡后不同死亡梯度的林下植被组成,用生物多样性指数和群落相似系数对林下物种组成及多样性的差异进行分析。【结果】研究发现:内蒙古赛罕乌拉保护区森林死亡后样地内共调查发现植物物种63种,其中乔木4种、灌木9种、草本50种,对照样地物种最多,群落物种多样性与森林死亡后枯落物厚度、粗木质残体密度呈显著负相关;森林死亡后倒木样地对物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数的贡献最大。群落乔灌草不同层次物种多样性对森林死亡的响应差异明显。SI指数在32%~72.91%范围内,不同死亡梯度样地内共有种为23种,草本多样性导致不同死亡梯度样地SI指数差异变大。【结论】研究结果表明森林死亡对物种多样性瞬时影响较大,但随森林死亡时间的推移,乔木层多样性指数逐步增加,灌木层多样性指数先下降再升高,而草本层却随着死亡梯度多样性指数下降,所以森林大量死亡抑制草本植物多样性的发展,但是对于乔木和灌木起到促进更新的作用。研究区山杨优势度出现衰退,林内更新的多样性能否形成混交林有待进一步研究,研究结论对退化生态系统及生物多样性的保护与恢复具有重要参考意义。

内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床流体包裹体及其对成矿的指示

维拉斯托位于中亚造山带东部的大兴安岭以南,成型的锡成矿带主要在我国南岭,大兴安岭是我国北方的锡成矿地区。矿床成矿阶段包括斑岩体内的Ⅰ天河石化-钠长石化阶段、Ⅱ云英岩阶段、Ⅲ隐爆角砾岩阶段和Ⅳ晚期硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究显示,流体包裹体的类型以液相为主的两相包裹体较多,而还存在以气相为主的两相包裹体,含子晶的三相包裹体和H_(2)O-CO_(2)包裹体,此三类数目较少。Ⅰ天河石化-钠长石化阶段均一温度为358~463℃,盐度为4.7%~8.6%NaCleqv,密度为0.46~0.71 g/cm^(3);Ⅲ隐爆角砾岩阶段均一温度为233~318℃,盐度为3.55%~10.61%NaCleqv,密度为0.77~0.87 g/cm^(3);Ⅳ晚期硫化物阶段均一温度为247~300℃,盐度为6.88%~7.93%NaCleqv,密度为0.85~0.86 g/cm^(3)。对矿物所含包裹体显微测温分析结果成矿流体具中高温、低盐度、中密度的性质,推测为同源流体来源及其演化。早期的基性-超基性岩浆演化携带成矿元素之后与深源岩浆混合一起形成成矿流体,成矿流体冷却是锡矿成矿的原因。