Analysis of Meteorological Causes of Serious Air Pollution in Xingtai City Based on Inversion Layer

Based on meteorological sounding data in 2011 -2014 and air pollution data in 2013 and 2014 from an environmental monitoring station in Xingtai City, the characteristics of inversion layer and air pollution and their correlation in Xingtai City were discussed. The results show that term perature inversion was very serious at 07：00 in Xingtai City, and days with temperature inversion accounted for above 90%. There were obvious seasonal variations in air pollution in Xingtai City, and air pollution was the most serious in winter but the slightest in summer. The primary air pollu- tants in Xingtai City are PM10 and PM2.5, and the primary air pollutants and AQI had close correlation with parameters of inversion layer. Stable ground inversion layer could hinder air convection and air capacity, so that air pollution become more serious with the discharge of pollutants. Inversion layer nearly appearing all the year around is an important meteorological reason for serious air pollution in Xingtai City.

Explanation for Peat-Forming Environments of Seams 2 and 9^(2) in Xingtai Coalfield, China

In terms of macrolithotypes and microlithotypes, the petrographic composition was determined on column samples of Permian Seam 2 and Carboniferous Seam 9(2) from the Xingtai Coalfield, China. The macrolithotypes are classified into bright coal (B), banded bright coal (BB), banded coal (BC),banded dull coal (BD), dull coal (D) and fibrous coal (F). The lithotypes are dominated by BD and D in Seam 2, and BB in Seam 9(2).Microlithotypes are dominated by inertite and durite in Seam 2 and by vitrite in Seam 9(2). Eight microlithotypes were selected as indicators of peat-forming environments. Two triangle diagrams were drawn based on the indicators in order to explicate the peat-forming environments of Permian Seam 2 and Carboniferous Seam 9(2). The results indicate that the peat of Carboniferous Seam 9(2) was formed dominantly in wet swamps, whereas tbe peat of Permian Seam 2 formed dominantly in dry and wet swamps. These results are agree with the regional geology, that is, the peat of Carboniferous Seam 9(2) was formed in a transition zone and the peat of Permian Seam 2 formed in an upper delta zone.The climate of the peat-forming time for Permian Seam 2 was drier than that for Carboniferous.

Analysis of the Change Trends of Temperature and Frost-free Period in Xingtai in Recent 53 Years

[Objective] The changes trend of temperature and frost-free period in Xingtai in recent 53 years were studied.[Method] According to the climate data of Xingtai City and Nangong County in 1958-2010,the changes trend of the temperature,the first and the last frost day,and the frost-free days in Xingtai were studied.The characteristics of the changes of temperature and frost-free days in Xingtai in recent 53 years were studied.[Result] No matter in city or countryside,the annual average temperature was increasing.The climate tendency rates in Xingtai and Nangong were about 0.5 and 0.2 ℃/10 a respectively.Especially,since 1996,the annual average temperature increasing trend was about 1.0 ℃/10 a.The average temperature of the four seasons was also climbing and was similar to the increasing span of the annual average temperature.The annual average temperature increasing span was the largest in winter.And the increase of the annual average temperature in winter was the largest and the increase of the annual average temperature was caused by the increase of the average temperature in winter.The urban annual average temperature was obviously higher than that of the countryside,which reflected the characteristics of tropical island effect.No matter in the city or the countryside,the early frost day,final frost day and frost-free day showed same tendency,namely,the delay of early frost day,advance of final-frost day,extension of frost-free day;the day of urban early frost was late than that of the countryside,and the final frost day was earlier than that of the countryside,the frost-free days were longer than that of countryside and indirectly influenced by urban heat effect.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of thermal resources in Xingtai.

Explanation for peat-forming environments of coal seam 2 and 9^(-2)based on the maceral composition and aromatic compounds in the Xingtai coalfield,China

Maceral composition and aromatic compounds were determined on columnsamples to study the peat-forming environments of Permian coal seam 2 and Carboniferouscoal seam 9^(-2) from the Xingtai coalfield,China.The macerals were dominated by inertinitein seam 2 and by vitrinite in seam 9^(-2).Three maceral groups were selected as indicatorsof peat-forming environments.Two triangle diagrams were drawn based on the indicatorsto explicate the peat-forming environments of permian seam 2 and Carboniferousseam 9^(-2).The results indicate that the peat of carboniferous seam 9^(-2) formed dominantlyin wet swamps,whereas the peat of Permian seam 2 formed dominantly in dry swampsand open moor environments.

Analysis on Variation Trend of Rainfall in Xingtai Area in Recent 48 Years

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the variation trend of rainfall in Xingtai area of Hebei Province in recent 48 years. [Method] According to the annual and seasonal rainfall data in Xingtai, Nangong, Shahe and Neiqiu during 1963-2010, by using the interannual variation rainfall line chart, trend chart and climatic variability, the variation trend of rainfall in Xingtai area in recent 48 years was analyzed. [Result] The annual rainfall in Xingtai area during 1963-2010 presented yearly decrease trend, and the decrease velocity was 18.0 mm/10 a. The annual rainfall in Xingtai, Nangong, Shahe and Neiqiu roughly presented same trend (linear decrease). Except spring rainfall in Xingtai area in recent 48 years slightly increased, the rainfall in summer, autumn and winter all presented linear decrease trend. The decrease velocity of summer rainfall was the maximum. The decrease of summer rainfall played decisive role in rainfall decrease of the whole year. The decrease trend of winter rainfall wasn’t as significant as that of autumn rainfall. [Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for studying climatic variation characteristics in Xingtai area under the climatic warming background.

Winter Wheat Drought Monitoring and Comprehensive Risk Assessment： Case Study of Xingtai Administrative District in North China

Drought monitoring is the base for drought coping and adaptation. Xingtai is located in North China＇s key winter wheat production areas where drought is severe and frequent. The rainfall during winter wheat growing season is just about 1/3 of total demand. Xingtai has typical mountainous, hilly and plain agricultural zones, compound rain-fed and irrigated farming patterns. The winter wheat irrigation has heavily depended on overdraw of groundwater in recent decades. In the study, the MODIS （Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） images taken at the key winter wheat growing season （Mar. to May） in normal rainfall year （2006） were selected, extracted NDVI （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index） and LST （Land Surface Temperature） data, calculated TVDI （Temperature and Vegetation Drought Index）, classified and mapped winter wheat drought intensity. Further, based on TVDI, a CDRA （Comprehensive Drought Risk Assessment） model for winter wheat drought disaster risk assessment was constructed and zoning was made. Verified by winter wheat yield, the risk zoning by CDRA is consistent with actual crop failure space. This method can be used in drought risk management.

Analysis of the geothermal vortexes triggering the Xingtai earthquake in 1966

The occurrence process of the Xingtai earthquake (1996) is discussed on the basis of evolution of small scale ground temperature fields on the background of large ground temperature field. It point out that the merging and strengthening of GHV is one of the basic reasons for triggering the Xingtai earthquake. It is worthy to pay attention that the earthquake precursors ( for example ground temperature …) does not clear with the shorter distance from the epicenter. It is an urgent task for earthquake prediction to strengthen the supervision of some spatial temporal continuous elements (such as G.T, geomagnetism, ground tilt field, gravity, etc.) and carry out comprehensive analysis.

Characteristic Analysis and Forecast of Continuous High-temperature Weather in Xingtai Area of Hebei

Through the analysis of durative high-temperature weather process occurred in Xingtai area in June of 2010,and the statistics on relative humidity and 850 hPa of temperature on high temperature day in Xingtai area during 2001- 2010,it was concluded that 500 h Pa of stable warm high-pressure ridge situation and 850 hPa of strong warm air mass control were favorable circulation situations for the formation of high temperature;sinking and adiabatic warming of high-altitude air mass was an important cause of high temperature weather generation; ground humidity at 14： 00 was small,that is,the atmosphere was very dry,and it was sunny-cloudy（ high cirrus） weather,which was a necessary condition for the high temperature weather; westerly at some time was favorable condition for high temperature; 850 h Pa of temperature prediction at the station was the key.When the forecasted 850 h Pa of station temperature was 21 ℃ and above,it was reminded the forecasters in the high-temperature forecast process.

Analyses on Climate Characteristics in Xingtai City during 1954 - 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze climate characteristics in Xingtai City during 1954-2010.[Method] Based on climate data in Xingtai City during 1954-2010,by using line chart,trend chart,climatic variability and statistical diagram,the climate characteristics in Xingtai City in 57 years were analyzed.[Result] The annual average temperature,annual average maximum and minimum temperatures in Xingtai City during 1954-2010 all presented gradual rise trend.The rise velocity of annual average maximum temperature was the slowest.The annual average temperature presented rise trend year by year.The rise velocity of annual average minimum temperature was the fastest.The annual average rainfall,wind speed,relative humidity and sunshine hours all presented gradual decline trend,while the annual average total cloud amount presented increase trend.The annual average ground temperatures at 0,5,10,15 and 20 cm in Xingtai City during 1954-2010 were respectively 15.6,15.7,15.8,15.8 and 15.8 ℃.The annual average ground temperatures at 40 and 80 cm,1.6 and 3.2 m in Xingtai City during 1981-2010 were respectively 15.2,15.2,15.4 and 15.4 ℃.It was clear that the ground temperature at deep layer gradually rose as depth increase.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for guiding agricultural production in Xingtai City.

Analysis on Change Trend of Sunshine Hours in Xingtai Area in Recent 40 Years

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze variation trend of sunshine hours in Xingtai area in recent 40 years.[Method] Based on yearly and seasonal total sunshine hours in Xingtai,Shahe and Neiqiu during 1971-2010,the change characteristics of annual and seasonal sunshine hours were analyzed by using line chart,trend chart and climatic variability.[Result] The annual sunshine hours in Xingtai,Shahe and Neiqiu during 1971-2010 all showed systemic decrease tendency.The three-station average decrease velocity was 77.7 h/10 a.The decrease in Xingtai was the most significant.The second one was Neiqiu.The total sunshine hours of three stations in spring,summer,autumn and winter all presented systemic decrease tendency.The decrease of Xingtai was the most significant.The three-station average decrease rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were respectively 10.7,18.7,21.6 and 26.6 h/10 a.Whether the annual or seasonal total sunshine hours,the decrease of Xingtai was the most significant,reflecting urban turbidity island effect feature.In the case of three-station mean in 40 years,the total sunshine hours in winter,spring,summer and autumn were respectively 485.5,691.4,631.7 and 551.1 h.It illustrated that spring sunshine was the most enough and was followed by summer sunshine.The gas blanket in winter was stable,and the sunshine hours were the fewest.The main reason of sunshine hours decrease was urbanization development and aggravation of pollutant discharge.[Conclusion] The research provided scientific basis for reasonably using agricultural climate resources,improving ecological environment and promoting development of agricultural economy.

Analysis on Temperature Change Trend in Xingtai Area in Recent 48 Years

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the variation trend of temperature in Xingtai area in recent 48 years.[Method] According to the yearly and monthly average temperature data during 1963-2010 in Xingtai,Nangong,Shahe and Neiqiu,the change trend of temperature in Xingtai area in recent 48 years was analyzed by using the line chart and trend chart of interannual variation average temperature,climate variability.[Result] The variation trends of annual average temperature,annual average maximum temperature,annual average minimum temperature and average temperatures in spring,summer,autumn,winter in Xingtai area in recent 48 years all presented the roughly same characteristics,which yearly rose.It embodied the climatic characteristics of global warming.The rise of annual mean temperature was because that the minimum temperature and winter average temperature rose.The continuous warm winter played the decisive role for the rise of annual average temperature.[Conclusion] The research provided the theoretical basis for understanding the variation characteristics of climate in Xingtai area under the climate warming background.

Cost-benefit Analysis of Chestnut Production in Xingtai County

On the basis of market demand survey of chestnut,this article carries out cost-benefit analysis of the chestnut production in Xingtai County,to understand the profitability and payback period of local chestnut production.It points out that chestnut production has a high rate of return on investment,and chestnut can be promoted on a large scale in Xingtai County.However,there are still some problems in the production and marketing of chestnut in Xingtai County,such as low level of technology,extensive management,low level of organization,market imperfections and weak brand consciousness.Based on these problems,corresponding recommendations are put forth.

Analysis on Climatic Change Trend in Xingtai City in Recent 57 Years

[ Objective] The research aimed to study climatic change trend in Xingtai City in recent 57 years. [ Method ] Based on climate data （ rain- fall, temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and ground temperature, etc. ） in Xingtai City during 1954 -2010, the climatic change trend in Xingtai City in recent 57 years was analyzed by using line chart, trend chart and climate variability. Moreover, the concrete characteristics of climatic change trend were discussed. [ Result] The annual rainfall in Xingtai City in recent 57 years presented obvious decrease trend, and the decrease velocity was 20.952 mrn/10 a. The annual average temperature, annual average maximum temperature and annual average minimum temperature all presented rise trends. The rise speed of minimum temperature was the fastest, and was followed by average temperature. The rise speed of maximum temperature was the slowest. The annual relative humidity decreased at the velocity of 1.460 %/10 a. The ground temperature of 0 cm presented rise trend, but the shallow-layer ground temperatures of 5 -20 cm all presented decline trends. The deep-layer ground temperatures of 0. 8 and 1.6 m both presented weak decline trends. The ground temperature of 3.2 m presented obvious rise trend. The annual total cloud amount in- creased at the velocity of 1.673 into/10 a. The annual sunshine hours decreased at the velocity of 100.600 h/10 a. The annual average and annual minimum atmospheric pressures both presented decline trends. The decline trend of annual minimum atmospheric pressure was very obvious, while the annual maximum atmospheric pressure presented obvious rise trend. [ Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for development and utilization of agricultural production resources in Xingtai City.

Seismotectonic Model for 1966 Xingtai Earthquake Swarm—— Nucleation of Newly Generated Fault or Friction Stick-slip Along a Preexisting Active Fault

Shallow seismic profiling in meizoseismal area of Xingtai earthquakes, phase division of Cenozoic movement of deep and shallow structures, analysis of characteristics of crustal and upper mantle structure, and comparative study on parameters of seismic sources indicate that the listric faults controlling the development of early Tertiary basin-range structure and eastward gently-dipping detachment below it in the Xingtai epicentral area are not related to the occurrence of Xingtai earthquakes. The Xingtai earthquake swarm is a product of three-dimensional fracture process in which the discontinuous "deep faults", separated by NW-trending faults or by transverse barriers, successively tore, fractured, and propagated upward and, hence, caused the stress between the adjacent deep faults to migrate and load under the action of latest tectonic stress field. The Xingtai seismogenic fault represents a " newly generated fault" resulted from the upward tearing and propagation of the preexisting crustal " deep fault".

Dynamic Change of Ecological Footprint in Xingtai City in the Years 2003-2009

Quantitative estimation of the ecological footprint in Xingtai City in the years 2003-2009 is carried out by using the Ecological Footprint Model and the Time Series.Result shows that the per capita ecological footprint demand increases in Xingtai City from the year 2003 to 2009;and land use for energy shows a significant increase,accounting for the maximum proportion in per capita ecological footprint demand.Per capita ecological footprint supply gradually decreases.Ecological supply provided by cultivated land occupies the greatest proportion in the supply of per capita ecological carrying capacity,which is the main factor determining the supply of ecological carrying capacity in Xingtai City.In the years 2003-2009,ecological footprint of Xingtai City is at the state of ecological deficit.This indicates that the economic and social development of Xingtai City is based on the over-exploitation of resources,especially the cultivated land and energy land.Thus,the development mode of Xingtai City has already been in a state of unsustainable development.Based on this,corresponding countermeasures are put forward for the sustainable development in future,so as to implement the healthy control of the sustainable development in Xingtai City,China.

精明收缩视角下传统村落片区式保护应对——以邢台市为例

随着城镇化不断推进,传统村落由于资源要素短缺导致人口流失、空间荒废、文化失活等问题日益严重。国家近年来重视传统村落的发展并积极推进集中连片保护利用,针对传统村落面临的问题,本文提出片区式保护及时响应国家政策指引,同时引入精明收缩理念,通过剖析其与片区式保护的耦合关系,指导传统村落协调稳定发展。选取河北省邢台市传统村落为研究对象,对其保护利用现状和收缩态势进行研判,发现其现存的矛盾困境;在精明收缩的视角下,提出传统村落片区式保护对策并进行片区划分,针对各片区的资源优势打造特色化发展方向,分阶段、分重点、渐进式推动与周边村落形成资源共享和发展联动,以期实现传统村落文化有序传承、生态优化提升、产业稳步发展,为其他区域传统村落保护利用提供借鉴。

邢台市影响PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度多时间尺度演变的重要因素

为了揭示邢台市大气PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染的演变特征及其影响因素,基于在线监测平台提供的气象要素及污染物浓度数据,使用KZ滤波法分解邢台市PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的原始浓度序列,之后将多元逐步回归法与KZ滤波法结合定量识别污染物的长期分量中源排放及气象因素对污染物浓度的贡献.同时使用随机森林方法,定性探究具体的源排放和气象因子对于邢台市PM_(2.5)和O_(3)原始序列浓度的影响.结果表明:邢台市PM_(2.5)浓度的长期分量呈现显著的下降趋势,短期分量是PM_(2.5)浓度的主要贡献者.O_(3)浓度长期分量呈现增加的趋势,季节分量是O_(3)浓度的主要贡献者.源排放和气象因素对PM_(2.5)长期分量浓度变化的贡献占比约为5:1,两者对于O_(3)长期分量浓度变化贡献占比接近3.5:1,源排放过程是邢台市长期大气PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染的主因.相对湿度(RH)对邢台市PM_(2.5)原始序列浓度的影响最大,其次为工业源排放和机动车尾气排放;影响O_(3)原始序列最大的的3个因子分别是气象因素中的短波辐射强度(SR)、温度(T)以及机动车尾气排放.

邢台市大气污染治理问题与对策分析

随着经济社会的快速发展,生态环境保护,尤其是大气污染治理面临着诸多挑战,认识和研究大气污染的现状及成因,并采取相应的治理措施是当务之急。本文以邢台市为例,分析了当前大气污染治理工作中存在的问题,从加强部门协调联动、政策执行、监督管理、宣传引导等方面提出了对策建议。对促进邢台市大气环境质量持续改善、经济社会高质量发展具有一定意义。

邢台震区应力场特征及M_(L)3.5以上地震的发震背景分析

邢台老震区构造背景复杂,发育多组断裂,属构造较不稳定地带,且区域中小地震频发。2017年至2021年发生6次M_(L)3.5以上地震,其中有两次M L4以上地震。本文基于搜集的震源机制解资料,反演区域现今地壳应力场,模拟震源机制与地壳应力场的关系,计算地壳应力场在地震发震断层面上的相对剪应力和相对正应力,分析地震的发震背景。结果表明,6次M_(L)3.5以上地震中,有2次震源机制节面接近应力场的最大剪应力节面,有4次震源机制节面远离应力场的最大剪应力节面。说明地震不是完全按照震源机制节面上具有最大剪应力的破裂方向发生,有时可能发生在某些薄弱带上。因此,在进行地震预测时,不能只关注最大剪应力破裂方向,还应多关注其边缘的地质薄弱带,这一结果可能会为后续分析该区域的地震危险性,研究地震孕育机制及动力学过程提供一定的参考依据。