'One for One' Package to Support Xinjiang Cotton

In August, a new policy for cotton quotas called ’one for one’ was issued. It associated the enterprise’squalification of getting imported cotton quotas with purchasing Xinjiang cotton. The package is going to help solving the slow-selling problem of Xinjiang cottons, and it also tries to meet the needs of in- creasing cotton quotas raised by textile enterprises.

Analysis on Green Development Strategy of Xinjiang Cotton

Through on-the-spot investigation and survey in Xinjiang cotton region and relevant data( containing statistical data,online information and government documents,etc.),the characteristics of water resource,wind-sand disaster,soil salinization,cotton diseases,insect pests and weeds in Xinjiang are studied. It is proposed reasons and specific programmes of green development strategy of Xinjiang cotton,and specific strategies contain ecological water supply,land desertification control,soil improvement,and ecological control of diseases,insect pests and weeds,thereby providing the support for sustainable development of Xinjiang cotton.

Cotton Breeding in Xinjiang and Its Intellectual Property Protection

In 2021,Xinjiang's cotton output was 5.129 million t,accounting for 89.50%of China's total.The autonomous region produces high-quality long-staple cotton,natural colored cotton,fine-staple cotton(upland cotton),organic cotton,etc.The southern Xinjiang cotton area is one of the three major long-staple cotton(island cotton)producing regions in the world.This paper introduced the history of cotton planting and breeding in Xinjiang from the aspects of cultural relics records,history of entering Xinjiang,historical achievements of breeding and breeding leaders.We studied the intellectual property protection of cotton breeding in the autonomous region from the aspects of biological genetic resources,invention patents,utility model patents and new plant varieties,analyzed the six main problems existing in cotton breeding and its intellectual property protection,and discussed the tactics for cotton breeding and its intellectual property protection in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.Eight suggestions in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident were also put forward,including establishing a Xinjiang national cotton germplasm nursery,protecting biological genetic resources,and strengthening the protection of creative intellectual property rights in the field of breeding to escort technological innovation in the cotton seed industry.

Intellectual Property Protection and High-quality Development of Cotton Industry in Xinjiang

This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang,and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang's cotton industry.Then,it analyzes the main problems in its intellectual property protection and high-quality development.On this basis,it comes up with the recommendations for high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.The recommendations include improving the level of creation of creative intellectual property rights,building an intellectual property rule system in the entire cotton industry chain in Xinjiang,building protected zones for production of major high quality agricultural product cotton,establishing a demonstration zone to undertake the transfer of the domestic cotton textile and garment industry,undertaking education on the sense of community for the Chinese nation in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident,and developing the"Belt and Road"blue market for Xinjiang cotton and its products.

Effects of Transgenic Bt+CpTI Cotton on Field Abundance of Non-Target Pests and Predators in Xinjiang, China

Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.

THE ISSUES & RESEARCH TOPICS ON COTTON PLANTING IN XINJIANG, CHINA

In this article , the present state of cotton production in Xinjiang is introduced. The strong points and problems in cotton production are discussed in detail. In addition, cotton research advances are reviewed in a comprehensive manner. In consideration of all this, the authors expound some monographic topics and disciplinary projects regarding Xinjiang cotton research which are to be implemented in the years to come.

China International Cotton Conference Concluded in Xinjiang

The 2007 China International Cotton Conference was held on June 27-29 in Urumqi,Xinjiang Municipality, China.With the theme"China’s Cotton Industry on WTO and It’s Implications The Global Market".the Conference proceeded with three main sessions,one focusing on

An Intelligence Decision Support System for Diagnosis and Management of Grain and Cotton Crop Pests in Xinjiang

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a scarcely populated area in China and technicians for plant protection are extremely deficient.The occurrence areas of insect pests in grain and cotton crops have been increasing year by year, causing serious economic losses. Aiming for several main grain and economic crops of Xinjiang(cotton, corn and wheat), an intelligence decision support system for diagnosis and management of grain and cotton crop pests in Xinjiang was designed and developed, which was based on android platform and windows system architecture. APP application program of smart phones was used as an implementation form. The intelligence decision support system will help plant protection personnel and farmers to solve local pest recognition and prevention control problem at the grassroots level in Xinjiang remote regions.

Protective and treatment measures against major harmful organisms in cotton-growing belt of Xinjiang

Xinjiang is known as the oasis irrigation agricultural area, characterized by plenty of sunshine favorable for cotton growth. However, the oases, dotted in the gobi deserts, are distributed at the foot of the enclosed mountains and a steppe in the centre of the Turpan Basin, and thus has a rathe vulnerable eco-environment. Since the 1980s, the cotton-growing industry has developed very quickly. The area of cotton-growing belt has increased from 181,000 hectares in 1980 to 866,600 hectares in 1997, which accounted for 34.7% of the total cultivated area in Xinjiang. The cotton output has correspondingly increased from 79,200 tons to 1.05 million tons and per hectare output has also increased from 438 kg to 1211 kg[1]. In recent decades, changes have taken place in agricultural products, such as the ratio of cotton and grain, total output and per hectare output with the expansion of cotton-growing belt. Before 1982, per hectare cotton output remained below 450 kg. Since 1982, thanks to the adoption of plastic film technique and such a planation mode as 'short, dense and early', namely, to select short-stalked, close planting and early maturing varieties, the per hectare cotton output has undergone a steady increase. After 1984, per hectare output reached more than 900 kg, and since 1995 it has reached 1435 kg per hectare, 9 folds more than that in the 1950s[1,2]. However the harmful organisms have accompanied the repaid expansion of the cotton-growing belt and the degree of deterioration has also kept increasing. Harmful organisms present a bottleneck for the further development of cotton production. To effectively control and protect against harmful organisms is the key to guaranteeing the steady development of Xinjiang cotton industry.

新疆棉花病虫害防治药剂剂型研发策略

棉花是我国重要的经济作物,也是受病虫害危害最严重的农作物之一。目前化学防治仍是棉田病虫害防治的重要技术。新疆棉区是我国最大的棉花主产区,气候类型属于典型的温带大陆性气候,具有光照充足、夏季高温干旱、多风、昼夜温差大等特殊气候特点,农药药液喷施过程中容易发生蒸发、飘移、降解等损失,严重影响药剂的防治效果。本文综述了温湿度、风、光照等环境因子对药剂防治效果的影响,以及国内外对提升药剂防治效果采取的调控措施,并结合新疆棉田的特殊气候条件提出了剂型研发的新策略。在提升产品理化稳定性的前提下,还需综合考虑有效成分的理化性质、棉花叶片的结构及润湿特性、施药器械等多种因素。结合农药学、植物保护学、界面化学、有机化学等多学科交叉理论知识指导,利用先进的技术和载体材料研发环境响应型、靶向高效的农药剂型,结合配套使用技术及措施,探索农药高效利用及减量调控途径,为实现农药减量增效、引领棉花产业绿色发展提供科技支撑。

内地棉区优势棉花资源评价及其在新疆棉花育种中的应用

为了综合利用内地棉区棉花资源,破解新疆棉花遗传基础狭窄、同质化严重等育种瓶颈难题,更好地培育适合新疆全程机械化的高产稳产棉花新品种,以160份内地棉区棉花资源为材料,在新疆库尔勒进行生物学性状鉴定,采用相关分析、聚类分析等指导新疆棉花育种亲本选配、系统选育,并应用GGE双标图对后代品系的丰产性、稳产性进行综合评价。结果表明,内地棉区棉花资源在新疆种植表现有地域性差异,来源地与新疆试点维度相近的生态区棉花资源有较好的适应性,其灰色聚类评估分也相应偏高。其中,78份优势棉花资源遗传变异丰富,在欧氏距离11.486处可划分为四大类群,以黄河流域棉区资源为主的第Ⅲ类群整体表现最好,可以作为新疆利用内地棉花资源的特征类群。主成分分析表明,第1主成分的特征值和方差贡献率最大,是与丰产性相关的综合因子,是综合衡量棉花资源优劣的依据。依据GGE双标图对以内地优势棉花资源为亲本的16个后代品系的丰产性、稳产性进行评价,优选出既高产又稳产的目标棉花品系M5。

新疆棉花和纺织服装产业集群高质量发展战略选择

新发展格局下,为了更好推动新疆棉花和纺织服装产业集群化发展,提升其在全球产业分工中的地位以及核心竞争力,基于SWOT分析的视角,分析了新疆棉花和纺织服装产业集群在优势、劣势、机会、挑战4个方面的发展态势,针对集群的劣势和集群面临的挑战,以“抓两端、促中间、搭平台、创生态”为主线,从6个方面提出加快构建新疆棉花和纺织服装产业集群高质量发展的对策建议。

新疆单根长绒棉纤维力学特性及断裂形态分析

针对新疆长绒棉在机采及加工过程中受到机械拉伸导致纤维断裂损伤的问题,首先,通过试验分析纤维直径、试样长度和拉伸速度对单根长绒棉纤维力学特性和形态变化的影响规律;其次,通过响应面法分析并建立3种因素交互作用的响应面回归模型,得到3种因素交互作用对单根长绒棉纤维力学特性的影响规律;最后,借助扫描电子显微镜对不同断裂方式的棉纤维断口形貌进行观察与分析。结果表明:当试样长度和拉伸速度一定时,随着单根长绒棉纤维直径的增大,断裂强力逐渐减小,纤维表面形态变化差异较大;当纤维直径一定时,单根长绒棉纤维断裂强力随着拉伸速度的增大而增大,随着试样长度的增加而减小;单根长绒棉纤维力学特性不仅受上述3种因素的单一影响,受其交互作用的影响也较为显著,影响顺序依次为纤维直径、拉伸速度、试样长度;在低载荷下,单根长绒棉纤维断裂伸长率与拉伸速度没有较大关系,但其随试样长度的增加而增加;新疆单根长绒棉纤维在拉伸过程中力学特性曲线表现为直接断裂和逐渐断裂2种类型,主要原因依赖于棉纤维初始形态和缺陷程度,其拉伸形态变化归纳为纵向微原纤分裂且在纤维内传播,断裂方式具有直接断裂、轴向撕裂、扭转断裂和纤维丝间滑移。

基于DTOPSIS法对新疆棉花早中熟区试品种综合评价研究

利用DTOPSIS法对新疆棉花早中熟区试品种作出更合理地分析评价。以2020年新疆维吾尔自治区棉花早中熟品种区域试验40个参试品种调查数据为资料,利用DTOPSIS法进行综合分析评价,初步研究了该方法在新疆棉花早中熟区试品种评价应用。结果表明:DTOPSIS法比只用产量进行分析更为合理,将各品种的性状指标归纳为统一的量化综合指标可以反映各品种的稳定程度;在40个参试品种,中塔河7号、新827、禾棉AW5的Ci值相对较高,综合性状良好与实际表现一致。综上所述,利用DTOPSIS法评价棉花早中熟区试品种可以较全面地分析出棉花品种的适应性,有效提高新品种推广的成功率。

新疆南疆棉花“干播湿出”种植技术应用现状、面临的问题及解决策略

棉花是新疆最重要的经济作物,而南疆又是新疆棉花的主产区,产量占全疆的80%。长期以来,南疆棉区普遍采用“湿播干出”的种植模式,即除了在棉花生育期进行常规灌溉外,还需要进行冬灌和春灌,起到压盐、提高播种期土壤墒情和改善土壤水分的作用。随着耕地面积的不断扩大和水资源的日益短缺,南疆棉区开始尝试采用北疆“干播湿出”的栽培方式种植棉花,但整体效果不甚理想。通过文献综述,探讨造成南疆推行“干播湿出”栽培方式不力的原因,在此基础上提出可能的解决策略。

基于VAR模型的棉花贸易与棉价的动态关系研究

有效应对复杂多变的棉花贸易市场形势、维持棉价稳定对于实现我国棉花产业健康发展、保障棉花安全具有重要意义。本文运用VAR模型,探究棉花进出口贸易与新疆棉花价格间的动态关系,从“贸易-价格”的视角分析棉花发展局势。结果表明:短期内,棉花进口量与新疆棉价是棉花出口量变动的原因,其他情况不存在相互的因果关系;三者之间存在长期均衡关系,但具有一定的时滞性;棉花出口虽一定程度上受其他两个变量影响,但更依赖于自身内力推动。基于以上结论,提出了提质增效、以需定产、优化补贴、贸易保护等发展对策。

新疆南疆绿盲蝽季节性寄主转移规律

为了明确南疆地区绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum不同季节的寄主植物种类以及在主要寄主作物上的种群发生动态,本研究在2021年采用扫网法对阿克苏地区农田生态系统中常见的23个科55种植物上的绿盲蝽种群动态进行了周年调查,并于2019年-2021年通过黄板诱捕法系统监测了绿盲蝽种群在当地枣园、棉田的发生情况。绿盲蝽在当地1年发生5代,存在明显的寄主转移现象。绿盲蝽1~2代(5月中旬至7月上旬)主要在枣树Ziziphus jujuba上为害,枣树花期结束2代成虫大量迁出枣园,3~4代(7月上旬至9月中旬)主要在棉田为害,5代(9月上旬至10月中旬)迁回枣园。除为害主要作物枣树、陆地棉Gossypium hirsutum外,1代绿盲蝽的寄主植物有甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、藜Chenopodium album、欧洲油菜Brassica napus,2~3代的寄主植物有白花草木樨Melilotus albus、黄香草木樨Melilotus officinalis、甘草、藜、欧洲油菜、骆驼刺Alhagi camelorum、萹蓄Polygonum aviculare、苜蓿Medicago sativa等,4~5代的寄主植物包括青蒿Artemisia caruifolia、艾A.argyi、白花草木樨、欧洲油菜、萹蓄等。枣园及棉田绿盲蝽成虫种群消长动态与上述寄主转移规律高度吻合。研究结果为南疆地区果棉生态系统中绿盲蝽的发生测报与科学防治提供重要的科学依据。

基于COTTON2K的华北平原和新疆2个棉区棉花耗水特征比较

利用校正过的棉花模拟模型COTTON2K对华北平原和新疆的棉花生产和耗水进行了模拟,分析2个地区棉花的耗水特征。结果表明,新疆石河子地区在水分充分供给条件下石河子的耗水量为655 mm,而禹城的耗水量为541 mm;石河子的平均产量几乎为禹城的2倍;同时分析了2个站点产量和耗水量的关系以及不同生育期耗水规律和降雨的同期性,结果表明禹城的降雨能满足棉花80%的需水量,灌溉时期主要集中在苗期和蕾期;石河子的降雨仅能满足棉花需水的21%;另外,石河子的水分利用效率大于禹城,但是新疆的棉花生产基本依靠灌溉,成本较高。

北疆典型棉区土壤微塑料污染现状及分布特征

为研究北疆棉区土壤微塑料的污染现状及分布特征,于2021年4月采集分析了不同覆膜年限(0、5、10、20、30 a)及不同土层深度(0~10、10~20、20~30 cm)的土壤样品。结果表明:北疆棉区土壤中微塑料丰度范围为1565~3560个·kg^(-1),且随着覆膜年限的增加微塑料丰度值呈现升高趋势,但地膜的使用量与微塑料丰度的关联度逐渐降低,10~30 cm土壤微塑料丰度与地膜的使用量关联度高;该区域土壤微塑料形状主要有薄膜状、碎片状、纤维状和发泡状4种;微塑料颜色包括白色透明、黑色、黄色和其他颜色,所占比例分别为69.02%、14.78%、6.49%和9.71%;微塑料粒径随覆膜年限增加而减小,粒径<0.5 mm的微塑料所占百分比最大;利用傅里叶衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR)随机调查发现,研究区内土壤微塑料的主要成分分别是聚乙烯(PE)占比45%、聚丙烯(PP)占比20%、聚酰胺(PA)占比16%;各覆膜年限土壤微塑料污染负荷指数在1.70~2.57之间,且随着覆膜年限的增加而增加,研究区微塑料污染负荷指数达到2.09,微塑料污染等级已达重度。研究表明,研究区内存在不同程度的微塑料污染,其引起的生态风险需引起重视。