The Abuse of Xinjiang

THE people of Xinjiang have always needed to be resilient.Over four-hour flight time from Beijing,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located on China’s western border.Historically,Xinjiang’s people have needed to hold steadfast against invaders while encouraging trade between China and central Asia,Europe and beyond.For 25 years until 2016,they also witnessed multiple atrocities perpetrated by separatists.

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffites in the Sachakou Pb-Zn mining area, Karakorum, Xinjiang and its establishment of Early Triassic strata

1.Objective In the past decade,a group of medium to giant lead-zinc deposits,represented by Huoshaoyun,Sachakou,and Yuanbaoling,have been discovered in the Aksai Chin region of Karakoram,Xinjiang.They are all located in the Mesozoic carbonate and clastic rock formations.The Sachakou leadzinc mining area is adjacent to the northwest of the Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mining area and is in the same stratigraphic layer as Huoshaoyun.Although many scholars have been arguing about the type and age of Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mineralization,few scholars have paid attention to the classification of the ore-bearing strata in the area.The stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Shenxianwan Group to the Upper Cretaceous Tielongtan Group is exposed in the Sachakou area of Karakorum,Xinjiang,however,the Late Permian-Early Triassic stratigraphy is missing(Fig.1a).Due to the harsh natural conditions in the area and the low level of work,the stratigraphic delineation is not exhaustive,and the regional lithology is dominated by carbonates and clastic rocks,which makes it difficult to identify the age of the regional lithology and causes problems for the exploration and research of lead-zinc in the area.

Muscovite^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar isotopic dating of pegmatite veins in the Bieyesamas rare metal deposit in the Altay Mountain,Xinjiang,northwestern China

1.Objective The Altay Orogenic Belt in Xinjiang,China is located in the west of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and in the transition zone between the Siberian Plate and the Kazakhstan-Junggar Plate,extending approximately 500 km in northern Xinjiang,China(Fig.1a).The Altay Orogenic Belt has undergone two-way accretion of the Paleozoic crust and the Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental orogeny,leading to the formation of large numbers of intermediate-acid intrusions.More than 100000 pegmatite veins have been discovered in the intermediate-acid intrusions,and they constitute an important rare metal metallogenic belt of China(Fig.1b).

A new small baurioid therocephalian from the Lower Triassic Jiucaiyuan Formation, Xinjiang, China

Several therocephalian species,mainly represented by cranial material from the late Permian,have been reported from China in recent years.Here we describe a tiny new baurioid therocephalian,Jiucaiyuangnathus confusus gen.et sp.nov.,from the Jiucaiyuan Formation,Xinjiang,China.The new taxon is represented by a partial snout with occluded partial lower jaw and two postcranial skeletons.Although juvenile in stage,the new species is diagnosed by the following features:round pit in middle of lateral surface of maxilla;lacrimal contact nasal;fossa for dentary tooth on the posterior end of the premaxilla,lateral to the anterior choana;two small vertical triangular ridges extending dorsally and ventrally on the vomerine anterior portion,and bordering a thin vomerine foramen laterally;anterior projection of the lateral part of the frontal on the nasal;symphyseal region of the dentary projected anteriorly;5 upper premaxillary teeth,upper and lower canines absent,diastema between the last premaxillary upper incisor and first maxillary tooth present,no diastema separating anterior from posterior dentition in the mandible,10 maxillary teeth and 12 dentary teeth,posterior postcanine expands mesiodistally,having a main large cusps and tiny anterior and posterior accessory cusps in line;neural arches of the atlas fused by the neural spine,neural spine of the axis projected posteriorly,procoracoid foramen lies between procoracoid and scapula.Features of the dentition resembles those of the small baurioid Ericiolacerta parva from South Africa and Silphedosuchus orenburgensis from Russia.The specimens provide the rare opportunity to know in detail the postcranial skeleton of baurioids.

Estimation of Potential Habitat of Caragana acanthophylla in Xinjiang Based on Maximum Entropy Model

[Objectives]To determine the potential habitat range of Caragana acanthophylla in Xinjiang.[Methods]The known distribution points of C.acanthophylla were used as samples,and a MaxEnt model was developed based on their climatic variables to identify key environmental factors affecting the potential habitats of C.acanthophylla through jackknife method and construction of a response relationship between representative variables and habitat suitability;the suitability of habitats for C.acanthophylla in Xinjiang was evaluated based on the output results of the model.[Results](i)The accuracy of the model verified by AUC curve was 0.971,indicating that the potential habitats of C.acanthophylla in Xinjiang predicted by MaxEnt model were highly credible.(ii)The optimum climatic characteristics for the distribution of C.acanthophylla in Xinjiang were:isothermality 18.8%-34%,minimum temperature of coldest month-30℃to-13℃,mean temperature of coldest quarter-18℃ to-4℃,annual precipitation 80-410 mm,precipitation of driest month 0-25 mm,precipitation of driest quarter 0-82 mm,and precipitation of coldest quarter 0-75 mm.(iii)The total potential distribution area of C.acanthophylla in Xinjiang was modeled to be 1.03×10^(5) km^(2),of which 8.54×10^(3)km^(2) was high suitability area,mainly in the front mountain belt of the north slope of Tianshan Mountain in Urumqi City,Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,and Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture and the front mountain belt of Barluk Mountain in Tacheng Prefecture.[Conclusions]This study is of great significance for the future scientific management,regeneration,vegetation restoration and ecological protection of C.acanthophylla.

From Poverty to Prosperity How relocation to Aktas Town is a living-standards leap for Xinjiang people

"3,000 yuan per month,"proclaimed Abdulaziz Mehmet,a Uygur worker at Dena Shoes Factory in Kargilik County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Why is it noteworthy?Bangkok's minimum wage in 2024 is US$327.65,while Jakarta is US$332.92.Mehmet is earning significantly more than what he would getin either of the national capitals.

Lighting Up Lives The rise of renewable energy in Hami, Xinjiang

Any time of the year,Hami,a city in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,is memorable for its unique food and stunning landscapes set against the majestic Tianshan Mountains.However,September's significant temperature drops once the sharp rays of sunset beneath the Gobi Desert make Hami an even more fascinating seasonal destination.The renowned sun-drenched scenery is ideal for renewable energy projects such as wind,solar,and hydrogen power.The region also hosts one of China's two supercomputers,which requires significant energy.

Analysis and prediction of glacier evolution trend(2020-2100)in Northern Xinjiang

Glaciers,as“solid reservoirs”,are precious resources in arid areas.The study of glaciers is of great significance to the sustainable development and management of agriculture and the economy in northern Xinjiang.The area of glacier distribution on the 1963 topographic map data,1975 MSS data,2000 ETM data,2008 CBERS-2 data,2014 and 2018 ETM+were collected as secondary data.According to the remote sensing survey,the glacier areas in Northern Xinjiang are identified during 1963-2018.Based on the evolution of glacier area in the past 55 years,and using two scenarios,the average annual decrease area of a region during the whole 1963-2018 and the period with the minimum reduction area,the glacier areas of Southern Tianshan Mountains,Western Tianshan Mountains,Eastern Tianshan Mountains,the Sawuer Mountains and Altai Mountains in Northern Xinjiang,and the whole northern Xinjiang in 2030,2040,2050,and 2100 are examined and predicted.In 2100,the glacier area in Northern Xinjiang may decrease by 43%-59%.

Path to Green Growth——The Xinjiang example

A key part of achieving high-quality development is promoting the greening and decarbonization of economic and social development.Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development,jointly issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in August,provided a roadmap for China's green transformation.As a major energy base in western China,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region leads the nation in installed capacity of both fossil energy like coal,oil,and natural gas and renewable energy like wind and solar.In recent years,leveraging its resource endowment and industrial foundation,Xinjiang has been enhancing efforts to transform traditional high energy-consuming industries into energy-saving and low-carbon industries and vigorously develop wind,solar,and hydrogen energy,as well as cloud computing.Its achievements in these areas have provided a blueprint that can be followed by any region pursuing green industrial transformation and high-quality development This September,China Report ASEAN journalists flew to Xinjiang and conducted interview and investigations in the regional capital Urumqi,the oil city of Karamay,and Hami,dubbed Xinjiang's"eastern gateway,"to shed light on how the autonomous region seeks to foster economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Empowering Xinjiang

EARLY in the morning,Hankiz Ablimit leaves her home in Aksu Prefecture,southern Xinjiang,takes a train to Urumqi,capital of China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and then transfers to another train bound for her final destination,Bole in northwestern Xinjiang.The journey takes one day and one night to complete.Bole,capital city of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,houses the prefecture’s only formal institution of higher learning-Bortala Polytechnic.Hankiz studies in this university,with 10 colleges.Most of the teachers working here come from Hubei Province in central China.

TUNING INTO UYGUR TRADITION Xinjiang Muqam melodies resonate through the corridors of time

As dawn breaks over the ancient Silk Road lands of China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Dilixiati Parhati is gearing up for yet another busy day.He juggles multiple roles:musician,scholar,leader of a Muqam art troupe and,most recently,a voice in China’s National People’s Congress(NPC)-the country’s top legislature.In all these roles,safeguarding the soul-stirring music of Uygur Muqam,often dubbed“the mother of Uygur music,”for future generations is his mission.

Chasing Snowflakes to See Xinjiang

The great beauty of Xinjiang is presented in ice and snow.Xinjiang's winter scenery and ice and snow landscapeare spectacular,with itsuniquenatural environment having nurtured an extraordinary ice and snow culture.Nowadays,Xinjiang attracts many tourists from home and abroad to enjoy and experience the charm of ice and snow every winter.From December7 to 13,2023,"Nihao!China"-2024China lce&Snow TourismOverseas Promotion Season launched"Xinjiang Overseas Promotion Ice and Snow Season in Bosten Lake,Bohu County,Xinjiang Week".

Embracing Ethnic Harmony In Xinjiang

"All ethnic groups remain closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate that stick together,"goes a saying that deeply resonated with me as an Indonesian when I first heard it in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The analogy was cemented even deeper in my brain when I learned that Xinjiang is known as a"Homeland of Pomegranates."

Spatiotemporal variation of land surface temperature and its driving factors in Xinjiang,China

Land surface temperature(LST) directly affects the energy balance of terrestrial surface systems and impacts regional resources, ecosystem evolution, and ecosystem structures. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located at the arid Northwest China and is extremely sensitive to climate change. There is an urgent need to understand the distribution patterns of LST in this area and quantitatively measure the nature and intensity of the impacts of the major driving factors from a spatial perspective, as well as elucidate the formation mechanisms. In this study, we used the MOD11C3 LST product developed on the basis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) to conduct regression analysis and determine the spatiotemporal variation and differentiation pattern of LST in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed the driving mechanisms of spatial heterogeneity of LST in Xinjiang and the six geomorphic zones(the Altay Mountains, Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountains, Tarim Basin, Turpan-Hami(Tuha) Basin, and Pakakuna Mountain Group) using geographical detector(Geodetector) and geographically weighted regression(GWR) models. The warming rate of LST in Xinjiang during the study period was 0.24℃/10a, and the spatial distribution pattern of LST had obvious topographic imprints, with 87.20% of the warming zone located in the Gobi desert and areas with frequent human activities, and the cooling zone mainly located in the mountainous areas. The seasonal LST in Xinjiang was at a cooling rate of 0.09℃/10a in autumn, and showed a warming trend in other seasons. Digital elevation model(DEM), latitude, wind speed, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), and sunshine duration in the single-factor and interactive detections were the key factors driving the LST changes. The direction and intensity of each major driving factor on the spatial variations of LST in the study area were heterogeneous. The negative feedback effect of DEM on the spatial differentiation of LST was the strongest. Lower latitudes, lower vegetation coverage, lower levels of precipitation, and longer sunshine duration increased LST. Unused land was the main heat source landscape, water body was the most important heat sink landscape, grassland and forest land were the land use and land cover(LULC) types with the most prominent heat sink effect, and there were significant differences in different geomorphic zones due to the influences of their vegetation types, climatic conditions, soil types, and human activities. The findings will help to facilitate sustainable climate change management, analyze local climate and environmental patterns, and improve land management strategies in Xinjiang and other arid areas.

Research progress of local characteristic drugs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Xinjiang

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis.This disease tends to recur,persist,and is difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of RA is complex.Currently,the commonly used treatments for RA—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs),glucocorticoids,and immunosuppressants—have notable side effects with long-term use and may be ineffective for some patients.Therefore,it is crucial to find drugs with limited side effects and significant curative effects.Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs have a long history,abundant resources,and are known for their safety and effectiveness in treating RA.In recent years,many studies have reported on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs on RA.This article reviews the pathogenesis of RA,as well as the research progress and treatment characteristics of Xinjiang-featured drugs.

新疆冬小麦种质资源粒重基因的分布与育种适用性分析

小麦粒重是重要的产量构成因素之一,也是受遗传因素影响的数量性状。为了解粒重基因在新疆小麦的分布及相关分子标记在育种上的适用性,以253份新疆冬小麦品种为试验材料,利用KASP(竞争性等位基因特异性PCR)标记进行基因型检测,并与2个年份的株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽等育种选择性状进行关联分析。结果表明,优异等位基因TaSus1-7A-Hap1、TaCwi-A1b、TaTGW-7Aa、TaGS5-A1b、TaGS2-A1b、TaGS-D1a、TaSus2-2B-HapH、TaTGW6-A1a、TaGW2-6B-Hap3和TaSus2-2A-HapA在参试材料的分布频率分别为100%、100%、84.98%、56.92%、51.78%、39.13%、33.20%、11.07%、3.16%和1.58%;14对等位基因在参试材料中共出现118种组合;标记GS5-2334-SNP、TaGS2-A1-239IND2、TGW7-986-SNP和GW2-6B-721SNP可应用于小麦粒重的辅助选择;被检测标记的连锁基因均与1个或1个以上育种性状显著相关;GS5-2334-SNP连锁基因TaGS5-A1对粒宽的效应达36.65%,对千粒重效应次之(27.76%),GS5-2334-SNP连锁基因TaGS5-A1对株高和穗粒重、GW2-6B-721SNP连锁基因TaGW2-6B和TGW7-986-SNP连锁基因TaTGW7对粒长、Sus2-2A-20SNP连锁基因TaSus2-2A对穗粒重、千粒重和粒宽的效应均达到10%以上。本研究结果可为分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。

从“普尔”到“宝藏”:清乾隆朝西部边疆货币治理策略探讨

乾隆时期,清政府在我国西部边疆相继发行货币——新疆普尔钱与西藏宝藏币。作为同一朝先后在边疆发行的两种流通货币,两者具有一定的共通性与差异性。货币发行过程展现了乾隆朝治边金融政策中“主权统一”与“因俗而治”的有效结合。同时,藩部与藩属在各地影响的差异,又导致清朝在西部南、北边疆金融治理的策略重点又有所差异。在新疆,清朝致力于逐步完成边疆内地一体化;在西藏,清朝则借机强调对其周边外藩属国的政治威望。两种货币治理策略在差异中又同时集中体现了乾隆帝国家意识与货币主权思想的发轫。西部边疆两次新货币的推行,深刻揭示了中国统一多民族国家形成与发展的历史进程,对于维护国家统一与边疆稳定具有重大意义。

新疆美术创作的美学特色探析

新疆美术作为中国美术的重要组成部分,是中华文化的视觉载体之一。文本通过回顾新疆美术创作的发展历程,指出新疆本土画家始终关注时代、关注社会,强化视觉艺术符号在文化认同层面的正向导引作用,形成情景交融的抒情美、和谐共生的自然美、寓意丰富的装饰美和气韵生动的色彩美等新疆美术创作的美学特色。现实主义表现方式处于新疆美术创作的主导地位,一是现实主义表现方式中写实具象的绘画方式易于为人民群众接受;二是社会主义文艺的性质决定了其要为人民服务、为社会主义服务。因此,充分体现人民群众心理需求和欣赏趣味的现实主义艺术创作更能满足人民群众的精神文化需求。

新疆高校体育专业课程思政建设路径研究

新疆在国家发展战略中具有特殊重要地位。培养具有坚定政治立场和良好思想品德的体育专业人才,对于维护地区稳定和促进社会发展具有重要意义。文章对新疆高校体育专业课程思政的实施现状展开调查,研究发现高校体育专业课程思政建设已取得一定成效,但教师思政育人能力、课程思政元素的挖掘程度、课程思政评价体系等方面存在不足。对此,文章提出了相应的优化措施:加强课程设计,完善思政建设体系;提升教师思政认知,强化教师思政育人能力;深挖课程思政元素,拓展课程思政教育资源;完善课程评价体系,充分发挥课程评价作用。同时文章对新疆高校体育专业课程思政教学进行了设计并实践,旨在推动新疆高校体育专业课程充分发挥育人价值,不断深化育人效果,满足新时代对体育人才的培养要求。

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunnan,Tibetan,and Xinjiang Wheat Using SSR Markers

A total of 206 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 52 accessions of three unique wheat varieties of western China. A total of 488, 472, and 308 allelic variants were detected in 31 Yunnan, 15 Tibetan and 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions with an average of PIC values 0.2764, 0.3082, and 0.1944, respectively. Substantial differences in allelic polymorphisms were detected by SSR markers in all the 21 chromosomes, the 7 homoeologous groups, and the three genomes （A, B, and D） in Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat. The highest and lowest allelic polymorphisms in all the 21 chromosomes were observed in 3B and 1D chromosomes, respectively. The lowest and highest allelic polymorphisms among the seven homoeologous groups was observed in 6 and 3 homoeologous groups, respectively. Among the three genomes, B genome showed the highest, A the intermediate, and D the lowest allelic polymorphism. The genetic distance （GD） indexes within Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat, and between different wheat types were calculated. The GD value was found to be much higher within Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than within Xinjiang wheat, but the GD value between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat was lower than those between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat, and between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat. The cluster analysis indicated a closer relationship between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than that between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat or between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat.