Analysis of Abnormal Characteristics of Regional Crustal Deformation before the Menyuan MS6.4 Earthquake by GPS Continuous Data

In order to study the characteristics of crustal deformation around the epicenter before the 2016 M_S6. 4 Menyuan earthquake,the GPS continuous stations of the period from 2010 to 2016 were selected according to the observation data of the tectonic environment monitoring network in Chinese Mainland. The deformation characteristics of the crust before the earthquake were discussed through inter-station baseline time series analysis and the strain time series analysis in the epicentral region. The results show that a trend turn of the baseline movement state around the epicenter region occurred after 2014,and the movement after 2014 reflects an obvious decreasing trend of compressional deformation.During this period,the stress field energy was in a certain accumulation state. Since the beginning of 2014,the EW-component linear strain and surface strain rate weakened gradually before the earthquake. It shows that there was an obvious deformation deficit at the epicentral area in the past two years,which indicates that the region accumulated a high degree of strain energy before the earthquake. Therefore,there was a significant background change in the area before the earthquake. The results of the study can provide basic research data for understanding the seismogenic process and mechanism of this earthquake.

Study on Focal Mechanism Changing Characteristics of the 2013 Zogang-Markam Ms6. 1 Earthquake Sequence

The M_S6. 1 earthquake was a foreshock-mainshock-aftershock type which occurred in the boundary region between Zogang and Markam counties on August 12,2013. Within 9hours before the main shock seven earthquakes of greater than M_L2. 0 occurred,with a maximum of M_L4. 7. In this paper,the earthquake focal mechanism changing process of the Zogang-Markam M_S6. 1 earthquake sequence is studied by calculating the correlation coefficient of body wave spectral amplitudes,and the result shows that the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitude of foreshocks present high value fluctuation with an average value of 0. 86,which shows that the focal mechanism of foreshocks are similar;and the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitude of aftershocks present low value,which shows that the possibility of a large earthquake is not high after a time.

Field Investigation of the M_S6.8 Wuqia,Xinjiang Earthquake on October 5,2008

A Ms6. 8 earthquake occurred on October 5, 2008 in the Wuqia region in Xinjiang. The macroseismic epicenter is situated in the Nula village of the Kyrghyz Republic, 7km southwest of the Wuqia Yierkeshitan Port in Xinjiang. The epicenter intensity is VIII degrees （outside borders）. The areas of intensity VII and VI are 7354km^2 and 1031km^2, respectively. This seismic event is related with movement of the NE-trending Kzikeaerkate fault belt. Buildings in the earthquake-stricken area were damaged or affected to a certain extent by this earthquake, accompanied with some phenomena of geological disaster.

Research on Stress Drops and the Focal Mechanisms of the Xinyuan- Hejing ML6.8 Earthquake Sequences

Based on the digital waveform data recorded by Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network for the Xinyuan-Hejing M_L6.8 earthquake sequences of June 30,2012,this paper analyzes the stress drops of earthquake sequences and the correlation coefficients of focal mechanisms significant for strong aftershocks.Firstly,the source parameters of the Xinyuan-Hejing M_L6.8 earthquake sequences are obtained by applying the spectrum analysis and the Brunes source model.Then,the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitudes are calculated using the low-frequency spectral amplitude recorded by the same station for the different events.Finally,based on the results of the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitudes,the events with similar focal mechanisms are grouped using the clustering method.The results show that:(1)The stress drop values show a steady trend in the aftershock sequence calm period and the stress drop values show a rise-fall in strong aftershocks.(2)The moving average correlation coefficient of amplitude spectrum begins to spread after the main shock.It shows that the correlation decreases between the main shock and the aftershocks in mechanisms.(3)The results of focal mechanism groups show that the earthquake sequences are mainly strike slips.The stress distribution of the main pressure axis is nearly NS,which is the same as the structural stress field.(4)The magnitude and mechanism show that there is an agreement before the strong aftershock,which shows that the regional stress field is enhanced.

Abnormal Earthquake Intensity Areas and Formation Mechanism of the Minxian-Zhangxian M_S6.6 Earthquake on July 22,2013,Gansu

On July 22, 2013, the Minxian-Zhangxian Ms6. 6 earthquake occurred on the east segment of Lintan-Dangchang fault. The analysis of digital elevation and remote sensing imaging shows that the east segment of Lintan-Dangchang fault is still active and the main thrust feature of the fault switches to left lateral slip. With the field research of intensity and damage, several abnormal areas of degree VIII spread in the isoseismal line of degree VII and some abnormal areas of degree VII spread in the isoseismal line of degree VI. These abnormal areas are distributed along the hanging wall of the fault in a width of 2km. The analysis based on the remote sensing and digital elevation model shows that the segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault south of Minxian mainly slips in left literal. The fault movement made the soil soft in the fault zone. The earthquake motion propagated along the fault zone. Therefore the strong earthquake motion caused foundation failure in the soft soil along the fault zone and the abnormal intense areas of disaster formed.

The Study on Apparent Stress before and after the Minxian M_S6.6 Earthquake on July 22,2013

Based on the waveform data observed by the regional seismic network of Gansu Province,we calculated the apparent stress of 422 earthquakes with M_L≥ 2. 0 occurring in the surrounding area of the Minxian earthquake from January 2010 to July 2014 and obtained the temporal and spatial variation of apparent stress before and after the Minxian earthquake. Results show that( 1) the high value of apparent stress of earthquakes with M_L≥4. 0 was concentrated in the epicenter area before the Minxian earthquake while that of earthquakes with M_L< 4. 0 was not;( 2) Apparent stress around the epicenter area showed an obvious increasing process before the Minxian earthquake and the increasing process has continued after the main shock,which means that this study area is still in the danger of strong earthquakes.

Research on the Accurate Location of the 2007 M_S6.4 Ning'er, Yunnan Earthquake

Five mobile digital seismic stations were set up by the Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province near the epicenter of the main shock after the Ning＇er M6. 4 earthquake on June 3, 2007. In this paper, the aftershock sequence of the Ning＇er M6. 4 earthquake is relocated by using the double difference earthquake location method. The data is from the 5 mobile digital seismic stations and the permanent Simao seismic station. The results show that the length of the aftershock sequence is 40kin and the width is 30km, concentrated obviously at the lateral displacement area between the Pu＇er fault and the NNE-trending faults, with the majority occurring on the Pu＇er fault around the main shock. The depths of aftershocks are from 2kin to 12km, and the predominant distribution is in the depth of 8 ~ 10km. The mean depth is 7. 9kin. The seismic fault dips to the northwest revealed from the profile parallel to this aftershock sequence, which is identical to the dip of the secondary fault of the NE-trending Menglian-Mojiang fault in the earthquake area. There are more earthquakes concentrated in the northwest segment than in the southeast segment, which is perhaps related to the underground medium and faults. The depth profile of the earthquake sequence shows that the relocated earthquakes are mainly located near the Pu＇er fault and the seismic faults dip to the southwest, consistent with the dip of the west branch of the Pu＇er fault. In all, the fault strike revealed by earthquake relocations matches well with the strike in the focal mechanism solutions. The main shock is in the top of the aftershock sequence and the aftershocks are symmetrically distributed, showing that faulting was complete in both the NE and SW directions.

Seismic Sequence Characteristics and Precursory Anomalies of the M_S6.3 and M_S6.4 Da Qaidam Earthquakes in 2008～2009

In this paper,the seismogenic structures of the Da Qaidam strong earthquakes are preliminarily discussed by using the regional seismotectonic data and focal mechanism solutions. Analysis is done on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the two strong earthquake sequences in Da Qaidam in combination with the sequence distribution characteristics of the M6. 6 earthquake of 2003 and the five strong earthquakes of about M5. 0 in 2004 in Delingha. At the same time,the regional characteristics of the historical seismic activity are also investigated. Preliminary analysis is done on the influence of the two M8. 0 earthquakes in the past 10 years on this region. Precursory anomalies and their characteristics are discussed in combination with the analysis of the precursor observation data of Qinghai Province.

基于概率地震需求分析的750 kV-SF_(6)罐式断路器耦联体系地震易损性模型

变电站作为电力系统的枢纽,其抗震性能评估尤为重要,其中罐式断路器耦联体系是变电站中的重要设备之一。为研究750 kV-SF_(6)罐式断路器耦联体系的抗震性能,采用增量动力分析(IDA)以及概率地震需求分析(PSDM)相结合的方法评估了其地震易损性。首先分析了750 kV-SF_(6)罐式断路器耦联体系的结构特性和震损特征,构建了有限元模型。通过增量动力分析(IDA),以地面峰值加速度(PGA)为地震动输入参数,得到关键易损部位的地震响应。在此基础上,通过概率地震需求模型(PSDM)生成了每个易损部位在不同震损状态下的地震易损性曲线。最后,基于可靠度理论计算得到了750 kV-SF_(6)罐式断路器耦联体系的地震易损性模型。结果表明,可以确定该结构在不同PGA下发生完全、严重、中度和轻微损坏的概率,反映了结构的抗震性能水平,例如当PGA达到0.6 g时,750 kV-SF_(6)罐式断路器耦联体系4种破坏状态的概率分别分0%,1%~5%,88%~93%和100%。

Deep electrical structures of Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone in Guangxi and seismogenic environment of the 1936 Lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake

The tectonic position of the southwest section of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Tectonic Junction Zone(QHTJZ)can be determined by examining the Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone(QFJZ)in Guangxi.This zone is significant because it was the location of the largest earthquake ever recorded in the inland region of South China,specifically the 1936 Lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake in Guangxi.Therefore,this region serves as an optimal location for researching the origins of intraplate earthquakes in South China.This study presents a display of a broadband magnetotelluric(MT)prospecting profile that traverses the Guangxi QFJZ and the Lingshan earthquake zone,extending from the northwest(NW)to the southeast(SE).A resistivity structure model was generated using three-dimensional(3D)inversion technology along the profile.The main faults in QFJZ were analyzed in terms of their deep extension forms and tectonic attributes.This analysis was performed by integrating the results obtained from geology,gravity,wave velocity ratio,Global Position System(GPS),and geothermal flow.The results showed that(1)the Dongzhong-Xiaodong fault(DXf),the eastern Fangcheng-Lingshan fault(FLf2),and the eastern Hepu-Beiliu fault(HBf2)were all trans-crustal deep faults,and crust-mantle ductile shear zones developed in the deep part.Two electrical boundary zones,DXf and HBf2,were identified.DXf inclined towards the northwest,while HBf2 inclined towards the southeast.The FangchengLingshan fault(FLf)exhibits a tectonic style resembling a“flower”shape in the upper crust.In the deeper section,it is characterized by an electrical boundary zone that gradually slopes towards the southeast direction.(2)The Hunan-Guangxi Passive Continental Margin(HGPCM)on the NW side of DXf had a stratified resistivity structure and relatively stable Bouguer gravity anomalies,which conformed to the quasi-craton tectonic attribute of the local failure at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block(YB).The southeastern side of this block is marked by the presence of the QFJZ and Yunkai Magmatic Arc(YKMA).These areas exhibit varying Bouguer gravity anomalies,indicating a combination of high and low resistivity in their electrical structures.This suggests that this zone has undergone multiple stages of structural evolution and transformation.The giant high-resistivity body under the Qinzhou-Fangcheng Remnant Ocean Basin(QFROB)might be the trace left by the extinction of the South China Ocean and the collision orogeny between YB and the Cathaysian Block(CB).The presence of sublow-resistivity layers in the middle-lower crust between the Liuwandashan Magmatic Arc(LMA)and YKMA indicates that this particular zone is being influenced from a distance by magmatic activities originating from the Leiqiong mantle.(3)The focal area of the 1936 Lingshan earthquake was located in the brittle high-resistivity body with a low strain rate.Under the coupling action of NWW-SEE regional tectonic stress and deep thermodynamic force,the brittle high-resistivity body in the upper crust became the main body for accumulating the tectonic stress.The Lingshan earthquake occurred due to the dextral strike-slip fracture instability of FLf2,a rock layer with slightly lower strength in the sub-high-resistivity zone.This instability was triggered when the accumulated stress reached the ultimate rock strength.The unveiling of the seismogenic model of the Lingshan earthquake,as presented in this study,holds significant scientific importance in comprehending the factors contributing to intraplate earthquakes in the South China region.

甘肃岷县漳县6．6级地震的前瞻性预测验证及震后趋势分析

基于作者提出的孕震断层多锁固段脆性破裂理论与相关预测方法,作者于2013年7月21日对海原地震区未来震情进行了分析,并给出了该地震区较大地震事件的震级、震中经纬度、震源深度以及临界Benioff应变值四要素预测结果.将其前瞻性强震四要素预测结果与2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震参数进行比较,结果表明该前瞻性预测是一次较为成功的强震预测案例,2000年景泰MS5.9级震群事件是2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震的直接导火索.

基于地震学资料探讨2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震发震构造

应用速度和Q值成像方法以及小震精定位方法获得了2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震震源区的深部结构和余震序列的空间分布图像。结果表明:发震断层为一隐伏断裂,走向NW,倾向SW,逆冲兼左旋走滑,在地表距临潭-宕昌断裂岷县段约20km,在深部可能与临潭-宕昌断裂交汇在一起,向南组成一条NW向的断裂带。2003年11月13日岷县MS5.2、2004年9月7日岷县-卓尼MS5.0和本次MS6.6地震的发震断层可能属同一发震断层,位于漳县南部块体的西南边缘;该块体为次级块体(三角形),近几年来块体西南边界强震活跃,其它两边平静。

用CAP方法反演2010年6月5日山西阳曲M_S4.6地震震源机制解

利用CAP方法反演了2010年6月5日阳曲MS4.6地震震源机制解,得到震级MW为4.5,节面I走向213°、倾角47°、滑动角-161°,节面II走向109°,倾角76°,滑动角-44°,属于倾滑型;精确定位显示震中处于石岭关隆起区,CAP反演和精定位结果推断本次地震的震源深度为17～20km。震源机制解节面参数与震中附近的山根底断裂和系舟山西麓断裂产状存在差异,这两条断裂不是阳曲地震的发震断裂,由于现场野外地质考察未发现地表断裂,不排除本次地震为隐伏断层活动的结果。

岷县漳县6.6级地震震害特征及其启示

通过对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震的发震构造、房屋和生命线工程震害、次生地质灾害的现场科学考察,系统介绍了本次地震发震构造、宏观地震烈度分布特征、不同烈度区房屋震害特点及破坏机制,并对地震中突出的黄土滑坡震害开展了深入的分析,进而总结归纳了此次地震中的断层效应、山体放大作用和边坡效应等震害特征。在此基础上提出了针对灾区灾后重建和今后我国的抗震设防工作的几点启示。

青藏块体东北缘断层形变综合指标异常与岷县漳县6.6级等强震关系

采用截至2013年底青藏块体东北缘的跨断层短水准流动观测资料,基于灰色关联度计算,提炼了祁连山—海原—六盘山、西秦岭主要构造断裂及分段的正逆断垂向活动综合指标,对强震尤其是2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级震前中短期异常,及与周边大震孕育—发生或影响的可能关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)6级左右地震前相关构造及其附近中短期异常明显;综合指标对与周边8级特大地震孕育—发生可能存在一定关联、大尺度区域构造应力场的变化也有一定程度反映。(2)2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级震前西秦岭构造北—西部至六盘山断裂综合指标异常显著且集中,发震的西秦岭构造短期变化幅度较大。

地壳介质破裂的尺度理论在研究山丹—民乐6.1级地震的地震学前兆特征中的应用

介绍了Allegre的地壳介质破裂的尺度理论和根据该理论建立一种预测地震发生时间方法的可能性.作为震例研究了甘肃山丹—民乐6.1级地震的地震学前兆(地震空间相关长度和尾波Qc值)特征.结果表明,地震空间相关长度和尾波Qc值在震前都呈增长趋势,用幂次率关系拟合了这两种参数的上升变化形态.这为利用地震空间相关长度和尾波Q值的监测资料建立一种预测地震发生时间的方法和找到预测指标打下了基础.

提取视震源时间函数的PLD方法及其对2005年克什米尔M_w 7.6地震的应用

通过重构用于确定视震源时间函数有效持续时间的判别函数,对提取视震源时间函数的 PLD 方法进行了改进;利用合成资料和实际资料,验证了改进后 PLD 方法的可行性和稳定性.将 PLD 方法应用于2005年克什米尔 M_w 7.6地震及具11个余震的1887条记录,在84个台站处获得了这次地震的视震源时间函数.分别平均从不同台站的 P 波、S 波、Rayleigh 波和 Love 波中得到的视震源时间函数,获取了主震的平均视震源时间函数.对视震源时间函数的分析表明,2005年克什米尔 M_w 7.6地震的持续时间大约为25 s,这是一次"急始型"地震,总体上表现为圆盘形破裂.但有迹象表明,破裂在初期有向西北方向发展的单侧传播趋势.

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_S6.6地震跨断层形变异常研究

通过对2013甘肃岷县漳县交界发生MS6.6强震的发震构造区在地震前后跨断层形变研究发现：四店、麻界滩和毛羽沟场在震前出现形变异常,3个场地临震单期形变是往期平均值的2-7倍;3个场地震前形变异常持续时间不超过4个月,震后4个月除毛羽沟场地外其余场地基本恢复到往期平均水平;四店场地临震形变△V（5.5 mm）约是麻界滩和毛羽沟的2倍,产生这种形变差异的原因可能是由于岷县地震主要动力来源是西秦岭北缘断裂的活动产生,因此主断裂上的形变异常大于分支断裂;临潭—宕昌断裂具有差异性活动特征,断裂中东段活动性强于西段,岷县漳县地震的复发周期约为（220±40）a,震级为6-6.6级。

2013年7月22日岷县漳县6.6级地震序列震源机制解及其特征分析

针对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县发生的MS6.6地震序列,采用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演了岷县漳县6.6级地震及部分强余震的震源机制解。结果显示,6.6级主震最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向189°,倾角51°,滑动角142°;节面Ⅱ参数走向305°,倾角61°和滑动角46°,主震为逆冲兼走滑型,矩心震源深度均为7km;8次MS≥3.0余震震源机制解向NE倾的节面Ⅱ的优势倾角约为52°,表现出逆冲分量大的特性。结合震区的活动构造、余震及烈度分布,判定节面Ⅱ代表了相应地震的发震断层面,地震序列震源机制的特性反映了与临潭-宕昌断裂带相似的活动特征,分析认为,岷县漳县6.6级地震的发生与临潭-宕昌断裂的活动可能存在一定的相关性。

岷县漳县6.6级地震前区域地壳运动变形背景与断层形变异常特征

利用甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震区所在的青藏块体东北缘地区的区域水准、GPS、流动重力和跨断层短测线等地形变监测资料,结合地质构造、动力环境和已往的研究结果,分析了不同类型资料反映的震前区域性地壳变形背景、断层形变异常特征和可能的机理。结果认为:(1)岷县漳县6.6级地震前西秦岭、六盘山等构造区不同程度地存在着GPS水平挤压闭锁高应变积累、垂直隆升异常高梯度带和重力升、降差异剧烈变化等中长期背景;(2)震前到震时发震断裂附近及其外围相关构造区域断层形变异常在空间和时间上的起伏波动变化显著,尤其是汶川地震以来的波动变化在一定程度上反映了与本区构造比邻的龙门山断裂带剧烈右旋错动对本区的影响,与本次岷县6.6级地震过程有关;(3)本区有地形变监测资料积累以来缺乏6级以上震例,虽然存在不同程度的中长期形变背景异常,但何时进入短期-短临阶段确实很难把握,需要不断积累总结和探索提高。