Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China.The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation.This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area,and used the Groundwater modeling system software(GMS)to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point,line,and surface development modes.The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer.The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise,while the water level on the downstream face would drop.The“line”concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m.The“surface”development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and pore-water and the paleoenvironmental evolution in the past 3.10 Ma in the Xiong’an New Area,North China

The groundwater level has been continuously decreasing due to climate change and long-time overexploitation in the Xiong’an New Area,North China,which caused the enhanced mixing of groundwater in different aquifers and significant changes in regional groundwater chemistry characteristics.In this study,groundwater and sediment pore-water in drilling cores obtained from a 600 m borehole were investigated to evaluate hydrogeochemical processes in shallow and deep aquifers and paleo-environmental evolution in the past ca.3.10 Ma.Results showed that there was no obvious change overall in chemical composition along the direction of groundwater runoff,but different hydrochemical processes occurred in shallow and deep groundwater in the vertical direction.Shallow groundwater(<150 m)in the Xiong’an New Area was characterized by high salinity(TDS>1000 mg/L)and high concentrations of Mn and Fe,while deep groundwater had better water quality with lower salinity.The high TDS values mostly occurred in aquifers with depth<70 m and>500 m below land surface.Water isotopes showed that aquifer pore-water mostly originated from meteoric water under the influence of evaporation,and aquitard pore-water belonged to Paleo meteoric water.In addition,the evolution of the paleoclimate since 3.10 Ma BP was reconstructed,and four climate periods were determined by theδ18O profiles of pore-water and sporopollen records from sediments at different depths.It can be inferred that the Quaternary Pleistocene(0.78‒2.58 Ma BP)was dominated by the cold and dry climate of the glacial period,with three interglacial intervals of warm and humid climate.What’s more,this study demonstrates the possibilities of the applications of pore-water on the hydrogeochemical study and further supports the finding that pore-water could retain the feature of paleo-sedimentary water.

Land Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area,China Revealed by InSAR Observations

In 2017,China’s central government approved the national strategy to build Xiong’an New Area(XNA,100 km southwest to Beijing),which was announced as a"millennium strategy"and a"demo area"for a sustainable,modern,and innovative urban model.Xiong’an will draw in as much as$380 billion investment and is expected to help accelerate the development of the wider Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(Jingjinji)Area.In this paper,present subsidence in the XNA area is investigated using InSAR observations for the first time.The 24 SAR images acquired by European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 satellites during the period from June 2017 to July 2018 suggest that in the north of Xiong County,the subsidence rate reaches up to 90 mm/y,which is highly correlated with the exploitation of geothermal drilling.As the construction in the XNA area will significantly accelerate and its high-quality development,the InSAR findings could provide valuable information for future sustainable urban planning and underground infrastructure construction.

The Importance of Environmental English Public Signs to Xiong’an New Area’s Ecological Environment in China

With the establishment and development of Xiong’an New Area in China, more foreign industries and visitors will be attracted to come here. Investigations made in our study show that the environmental English public signs are very important. They can offer directions for foreigners who can’t understand Chinese well because they have these three functions: indication, suggestion and prohibition. In order to help Xiong’an New Area play its “eco card”, the translators are supposed to attach great importance to the translation of environmental English public signs.

Analysis of Air Pollutants in Xiong’an New Area Based on MATLAB Grey Model

The purpose of this paper is to study the air pollutants in Xiong’an New Area based on MATLAB grey model [1]. From 2011 to 2016, the results of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and inhalable particulate matter (PM1O) detected at monitoring points in the three counties of Xiong’an were analyzed. According to the national environmental air quality standard [2], the air quality in Xiong’an New Area was reasonably evaluated based on grey model in MATLAB. Judging from the weight of pollution factors in the model, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the controlling factor of air quality in Xiong’an New Area, and the weight of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gradually increases. The main sources of the three pollutants were obtained by comprehensive data analysis, and a grey model was established according to the mass concentration of the main air pollutants, and the grey forecasting model was tested. The experimental results show that the model can be effectively applied to the forecasting of ambient air quality. On this basis, the present situation of atmospheric environmental quality in Xiong’an New Area and suggestions for improvement are obtained.

QIAN Xuesen Think Tank to Promote the Development of Xiong'an New District

The sixth QIAN Xuesen Forum'QIAN Xuesen Think Tank to Promote the Development of Xiong’an New District'was held in Beijing on April 23,2017 before the arrival of the second Space Day.Under the guidance of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE),China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CASC)and the preparatory work committee of Xiong’an New District,the forum was

雄安站型钢混凝土梁水化反应施工监测分析

以雄安新区高铁站站房承轨层A区结构为工程背景,对结构在施工过程中的温度及应变的变化规律展开研究。利用振弦式应变计对结构关键位置的型钢混凝土梁在施工过程中应变和温度的变化情况进行了施工监测。介绍监测的目的意义、所用的仪器设备以及监测方案;对监测得到的应变和温度数据进行了整理和研究,揭示了其在施工过程中的变化规律,得出了水化反应中混凝土的应变和温度呈正相关的结论。

雄安新区主要断裂带土壤气体的Rn与CO_(2)脱气特征

文中基于对野外流动观测数据的分析处理,初步研究了雄安新区主要断裂带土壤气体的Rn与CO_(2)脱气特征及其对区域环境的影响。经观测分析发现,新区3条地震剖面上方的土壤气体浓度高值异常区域与深部断裂的分布高度吻合,展现出沿断裂带集中脱气的现象。受局部生物活动影响,个别断裂区段土壤气体Rn和CO_(2)可能存在不同的补给来源,导致个别区段的Rn和CO_(2)浓度高值异常区域不一致,以及Rn和CO_(2)浓度与通量测值之间较弱的相关性。计算结果显示,新区主要断裂带存在强脱气特征,各剖面土壤气体Rn通量平均值的变化范围为71.44~335.35mBq/m^(2)·s,CO_(2)通量平均值的变化范围为25.96~78.23g/m^(2)·d;Rn浓度强度平均值的变化范围为0.91~2.30,CO_(2)浓度强度平均值的变化范围为1.13~2.61,与国内外其他典型断裂带及地震带的土壤气体脱气强度相当。结合室内气体环境污染综合防治标准对雄安新区主要断裂带释放气体的环境效应进行评估,结果表明,新区容城断裂的氡气释放最高值达675mBq/m^(2)·s,牛东断裂2条分支的最高值分别达395.70mBq/m^(2)·s和334.84mBq/m^(2)·s,有必要对建在容城断裂和牛东断裂带上方的建筑物进行综合防氡处理。CO_(2)释放量的初步估算结果表明,新区主要断裂带的CO_(2)脱气对大气的日贡献量约为1622.56t,年贡献量高达0.59×10^(6)t,其对区域环境的影响应予以重视。文中的研究成果对于新区城市规划、环境治理及断裂带释放气体环境影响的综合评估具有重要的科学意义。

短时间尺度雄安新区旱柳根际土壤细菌群落特征分析

土壤细菌在土壤生态过程中发挥重要作用,明确雄安新区“千年秀林”植物根际土壤细菌群落组成和多样性,有助于揭示土壤微生物与环境因子的互作关系,为新区森林生态系统可持续发展提供理论支持。以雄安新区重要乡土树种——旱柳(Salix matsudana)为对象,利用高通量测序和生物信息学技术,系统研究基于短时间尺度“千年秀林”旱柳根际土壤细菌群落组成和多样性,并分析菌群和环境因子的互作关系。结果表明,放线菌门、变形菌门和鞘氨醇杆菌属、黄杆菌、固氮菌属等富营养细菌占优势。8月和10月土壤样品中不同菌门相对丰度变化较小,9月波动较大。采样时间与Chao1和PD指数显著相关(P=0.0315,P=0.0137),与Shannon指数相关性不显著(P=0.631),日最高/低气温可显著影响PD指数,且日最低气温升高可显著降低细菌群落的丰富度。Beta多样性在每周时间尺度差异不显著(P=0.363),每两周差异显著(P=0.027),每三周差异极显著(P=0.006)。土壤偏碱性,养分含量差异不显著,全氮平均含量为中上等级,全磷和全钾平均含量处于中下等级。共现性网络互作关系中,协同作用多于拮抗作用。研究结果为明确不同时间尺度森林土壤微生物群落特征研究提供重要补充,可为雄安新区“千年秀林”制定高效的可持续经营管理措施提供科学依据。

雄安新区土壤肥力特征分析与评价

以雄安新区土壤为研究对象,分析研究0—50、50—100 cm土层土壤pH、EC、有机质、质地、大量营养元素及主要中微量元素的特征差异,采用修正的内梅罗综合指数法评价土壤肥力质量,并基于主成分分析和相关性分析探讨影响雄安新区土壤质量的主要障碍因子。结果表明,0—50 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锰和有效锌含量均显著高于50—100 cm土层;土壤肥力质量均属“一般”水平,0—50 cm土层土壤肥力质量综合指数显著高于50—100 cm土层;影响雄安新区土壤肥力质量的主要障碍因子为土壤pH、有机质、全氮和质地。综合而言,雄安新区0—50 cm土层土壤肥力质量较50—100 cm土层好,开发过程中对土壤应进行分层收集利用。

区域综合生态风险评价框架——以雄安新区为例

构建区域生态风险评价框架有助于清晰地识别、评估、模拟、预测与管理区域生态风险,进而为区域生态安全网络构建和生态安全格局保障提供支撑。雄安新区的建设,使该区域面临巨大的土地利用变化,对区域生态系统的结构和功能产生不可忽视的影响,洪涝和干旱灾害对雄安新区及其周边区域生态系统具有显著的威胁。以雄安新区为例,构建包含暴露-响应关系、人为源和自然源相结合的区域综合生态风险评价框架,分别对城市化和气候变化背景下的雄安新区土地利用变化、洪涝灾害、干旱灾害三类胁迫引起的区域生态风险进行了评价和预测,确定其生态风险空间分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明:(1)从时间序列上来看,由于气候变化导致洪涝、干旱等自然灾害的影响,加上雄安新区的土地利用变化,雄安新区的生态风险在2025年后有所上升,但有序的规划和良好的地类配置使得雄安新区起步区在2025年后生态风险程度下降;(2)从空间上看,雄安新区风险高值区主要集中在白洋淀区以西和以南,以及新区东北部部分区域。最后,从土地利用管理、洪涝和干旱灾害预防等角度提出了生态风险防控对策:(1)雄安新区应坚持对土地利用的合理规划和严格管理,切实防止土地的无序利用,密切关注景观生态风险程度较高地区的土地利用变化趋势,必要时进行土地整理工作;(2)雄安新区未来应主要关注常规洪水造成的生态风险,加固新安北堤,构建起步区洪涝灾害安全区域,并充分利用湿地实现蓄滞洪水和排涝功能;(3)雄安新区应重点关注北部区域干旱灾害生态风险防治工作,同时尽量保证白洋淀及周边河流水体的水位,保持湿地生态系统健康。

雄安新区埋地原油管道泄漏扩散模拟计算分析

随着雄安新区的设立、环保法的发布以及国家新标准的发表,对环保监测及治理要求日趋严格。借助Fluent软件,以雄安新区的地质条件以及X油田的油品性质为基础参数,对原油管道的泄漏情况进行计算分析。分析结果表明,已泄漏的油品在土壤中扩散速度呈现出一定的规律,油品的泄漏体积随着泄漏速度的减小而减小,且泄漏时间越长,被污染的土壤体积的增率越小;当泄漏时间足够长,泄漏到达一定范围会产生边界回流,随后压力场接近稳定,泄漏状态也逐渐趋于稳定,油品不再向土壤中扩散。以上原油在土壤的扩散特性规律,为制定土壤和地下水的修复方案提供了参考。

雄安新区土地利用变化及其经济影响预测研究

雄安新区承担着疏解北京非首都功能的职责,发挥着促进京津冀地区协同发展的重要使命,预测其规划与基础设施建设发展的经济影响,对于推进新区高质量发展具有重要科学指导意义。本研究首先基于InVEST模型与Dinamica EGO模型模拟了在生境质量约束下雄安新区建设用地的时空演变,并据建设用地类型设置了相应人口密度,预测分析了2035年新区的人口发展规模。基于未来人口规模利用SASI模型预测了2035年雄安新区各镇的经济发展趋势,设置了公路交通基础设施、铁路交通基础设施、公路与铁路交通基础设施3种情景,探究了3种情景下雄安新区土地利用变化及其社会经济发展影响。

雄安新区传统聚落的水适应性空间格局研究

为探究传统聚落空间格局的水适应性,本研究以白洋淀周边风貌肌理保留状况良好的20个传统聚落作为分析对象。研究发现,在堤堰修筑、渔苇生产和内河航运的长期作用下,雄安新区传统聚落的空间格局在水陆关系、聚落形态、空间单元上均体现出明显的水适应性。(1)传统聚落与防洪堤堰呈现融合共生的水陆关系,池沼和沟渠构成了聚落内部的排涝体系,沟渠分为联通式和尽端式两种。(2)聚落形态多呈带状或指状以适应白洋淀堤堰工程和内河航运需求,聚落外部轮廓和内部肌理深受洼淀环境和商品贸易的共同影响。(3)聚落、淀泊、苇田、农田、沟壕的圈层式分布构成了白洋淀周边传统聚落的基本空间单元,也反映了男渔(耕)女织的传统性别分工。芦苇台田奠定了本地区传统院落和建筑的形态尺寸。

河北雄安新区“三生空间”人地系统及耦合协调度探究

《河北雄安新区规划纲要》体现了“三生”空间协调、人地和谐共融的城市发展理念。该文从“三生空间”视角构建人地系统评价指标体系,利用耦合协调度模型从多空间尺度定量分析2010—2020年河北雄安新区人地系统耦合协调度动态变化,并探究人地系统耦合与“三生空间”演化的对应关系。结果表明:2010—2020年河北雄安新区生产空间面积占比由75%降至71%,生活空间、生态空间占比分别由11%和14%提升至13%和16%;“人”系统得分整体提升,“地”系统得分稍有下降,人地系统耦合协调度不断上升且与“三生空间”配置演化趋势具有较强对应关系;新区北部经济发展状况较好,人地系统耦合协调度较优,南部属于生态敏感区,开发程度低,耦合协调度较低。研究结果可为河北雄安新区国土空间格局规划及相关政策实施提供决策支持。

雄安新区美国白蛾发生规律及防治效果调查

对雄安新区范围内美国白蛾发生规律进行了调查。结果显示:美国白蛾在雄安新区1a发生3代,从4月初成虫开始羽化,4月底开始产卵,第1代幼虫在5月上旬到6月中旬进行危害,第2代幼虫在7月上旬到8月上旬进行危害,第3代幼虫在8月下旬到10月中旬进行危害,9月下旬到11月初下树化蛹。利用直升机喷洒灭幼脲对美国白蛾第3代幼虫进行防治,该药对美国白蛾幼虫防治效果较好,未发现抗药性的产生。

雄安新区工程建设项目“多测合一”竣工验收测量实践

为了分享雄安新区工程建设项目竣工验收阶段“多测合一”改革宝贵经验,通过以雄安新区为例,主要对“多测合一”改革实践各个环节进行详细阐述。雄安新区工程建设项目竣工验收阶段的多个测量项目均委托同一家测绘单位来完成,以此来实现“多测合一”。当前国家和各地方政府均出台了工程建设项目“多测合一”的相关政策文件,但总体处在摸索和总结经验阶段。雄安新区“多测合一”实践经验的梳理和归纳可供其他省份“多测合一”项目改革落地借鉴参考。

中花猕猴桃雄性新品种‘磨山雄5号’的选育

中花猕猴桃雄性新品种‘磨山雄5号’是从野生资源中选育而成,属于中华猕猴桃。该品种树势强旺,成花容易,花枝率95%~100%,中、短花枝占整个花枝的65%~70%。花为多歧聚伞花序,每花序有花3~5朵,每花枝有花序6~9个;花为白色、中等大小,花冠直径35~36 mm,花瓣6~7枚,花药平均74.6枚,大小为2.19 mm×0.98 mm。‘磨山雄5号’花量和花粉量大,花粉萌发率75.6%以上,花期能覆盖大部分4倍体中华猕猴桃雌性品种或品系(如‘金桃’‘金艳’‘金圆’‘金梅’‘武植3号’‘金霞’‘翠玉’等20余个)和美味猕猴桃早花品种(如‘东玫’‘金美’‘米良1号’‘徐香’和‘秦美’等10余个)的开花期,且授粉坐果率高,果实品质优良。在武汉地区,4月中旬初花,4月下旬盛花,4月底开始谢花,花期12~15 d。

早花猕猴桃雄性新品种‘磨山雄2号’的选育

‘磨山雄2号’是从中华猕猴桃实生选育而成的特早花雄性新品种。该品种树势中等,萌芽率80%以上,花枝率100%,成花容易。花为聚伞花序,白色,花量大,花冠直径34 mm,花瓣6~7片,花丝数约43枚,花粉量大,花粉萌发率76%~84%。花期早,在武汉4月上中旬开花,花期12~14 d,能与早花雌性品种‘红阳’‘东红’‘红华’‘金玉’‘金农’‘川猕3号’‘丰悦’等花期相遇。尤其对二倍体红心系列品种授粉能促进果实品质改善,红色加深,可作为早花红心品种的专用授粉树。