Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lyophilized Salvia salt of lithospermic acid powder for injection （SSLA） in treating coronary heart diseases angina pectoris （CHD-AP） of Xin-blood stasis syn...Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lyophilized Salvia salt of lithospermic acid powder for injection （SSLA） in treating coronary heart diseases angina pectoris （CHD-AP） of Xin-blood stasis syndrome type, and to conduct the non-inferiority trial with Danshen injection （丹参注射液, DSI） as positive control. Methods： An non-inferiority clinical layered, segmented, randomized, and blinded trial on three parallel and multiple centered groups was conducted in 480 patients with stable effort angina grade Ⅰ , Ⅱand Ⅲ, who had two or more times of attack every week. The 240 patients in test group A were treated with SSLA 200 mg added in 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous dripping every day; the 120 patients in test group B were treated with SSLA but the dosage doubled; and the 120 patients in the control group were treated with DSI 20 ml daily in the same method as SSLA was given. The clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated after the patients were treated for 14 days. Results： The results showed that the markedly effective rate in test groups A, B and control group was 37.45 %, 36.75 % and 30.09 % respectively, while the total effective rate in them was 88.09%, 89.74% and 67.26% respectively. Statistical significance was shown in comparisons of the therapeutic effect between control group with test group A and test group B, with that in the two test groups superior to that in the control group, and non-inferiority trial showed eligibility （P〈0.01）. Adverse reaction appeared in 8 patients in the test groups and 2 in the control group. Conclusion： SSLA has definite therapeutic effect in treating patients with CHD-AP, with its effect not inferior to that of DSI, and no evident toxic-adverse reaction.展开更多
Objective:Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection(YQFM),a Chinese medicine injection,has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure(HF).However,bioactive compounds and underlying m...Objective:Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection(YQFM),a Chinese medicine injection,has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure(HF).However,bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms of YQFM in treating HF remain poorly understood.Materials and Methods:Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of YQFM.A compound-target network was constructed to screen bioactive compounds based on contribution index calculation.Then,an adriamycin-induced HF rat model was established to evaluate the cardio-protective effects of YQFM by hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:Network pharmacology indicated that YQFM may alleviate HF through 36 compounds and 109 targets.Particularly,ginsenosides Rb1,Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb2,Rh1,schisandrin,and ginsenoside Rc were indicated as the top contributors of YQFM in treating HF.YQFM was predicted to act on multiple targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor A,interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-6,and IL-1β,as well as to regulate signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1,tumor necrosis factor,VEGF,and PI3K-Akt.The pharmacological study suggested that YQFM could attenuate cardiac injury and up-regulate plasma concentrations of VEGFR-1 and NO in HF rats.Ginsenoside Rb1,as the major contributor from network pharmacology analysis,also showed a cardioprotective effect and up-regulation of VEGFR-1 in plasma.Conclusions:Ginsenosides and schisandrin were predicted as the most important contributors to the cardioprotective effect of YQMF.Ginsenoside Rb1 was proved to alleviate HF and increase the plasma concentration of VEGFR-1.展开更多
目的探讨血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)的作用。方法选取106例老年IS患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组用奥拉西坦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合血栓通注射液治疗,比...目的探讨血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)的作用。方法选取106例老年IS患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组用奥拉西坦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合血栓通注射液治疗,比较2组的临床疗效、神经功能[用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评估]、运动功能(用日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)量表评估)、颈动脉狭窄程度(颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率)、血流动力学(全血黏度、血流速度和血流阻力)、神经损伤因子[神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和脑源性神经生长因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)]和氧化应激指标[丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)]水平。结果观察组的总有效率为98.11%,高于对照组的86.79%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的NIHSS评分为(10.14±1.91)分,低于对照组的(12.43±2.12)分,P<0.05;观察组的ADL评分为(64.49±8.30)分,高于对照组的(58.37±7.26)分,P<0.05;观察组颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率分别为(1.27±0.11)mm、(74.84%±5.14%),低于对照组[(1.33±0.13)mm、(78.92%±5.95%)],P<0.05;观察组(高切和低切)全血黏度和血流阻力分别为(4.72±0.91)mPa·s、(10.99±2.25)mPa·s、(1.52±0.24)Pa·s·L^(-1),低于对照组[(5.86±1.17)mPa·s、(13.40±2.77)mPa·s、(1.64±0.27)Pa·s·L^(-1)],血流速度为(18.33±3.85)cm·s^(-1),高于对照组[(16.51±3.61)cm·s^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的GFAP和NSE分别为(5.62±1.11)、(23.88±4.25)ng·mL^(-1),低于对照组[(6.57±1.30)、(27.17±4.76)ng·mL^(-1)],BDNF为(3.06±0.77)ng·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(2.38±0.52)ng·mL^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的MDA为(3.62±0.63)μmol·L^(-1),低于对照组[(4.05±0.78)μmol·L^(-1)],SOD为(105.20±15.63)U·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(93.42±13.27)U·mL^(-1)],P<0.05。结论血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年IS患者疗效显著,可通过调节神经损伤因子和氧化应激因子水平及改善血流动力学,提高患者的神经功能和运动功能,改善颈动脉狭窄。展开更多
目的探讨血栓通注射液对急性脑梗死患者脑血流动力学及血清学指标的影响。方法将160例2022年1月-2022年12月伊犁州奎屯医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者随机纳入对照组和试验组,各80例。经脱落或剔除后纳入120例患者进行研究,其中对照...目的探讨血栓通注射液对急性脑梗死患者脑血流动力学及血清学指标的影响。方法将160例2022年1月-2022年12月伊犁州奎屯医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者随机纳入对照组和试验组,各80例。经脱落或剔除后纳入120例患者进行研究,其中对照组50例、试验组70例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予血栓通注射液进行治疗,2组均治疗2周。比较2组治疗2周后的临床疗效;治疗前和治疗2周后的神经功能、自理能力、脑血流动力学、血清学指标及治疗期间的不良反应。结果试验组治疗2周后的总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05);治疗2周后,2组美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表(Modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分、左侧颈总动脉动态阻力(dynamic resistance,DR)、外周阻力(peripheral resistance,Rv)及血清钙结合蛋白β(calcium-binding proteinβ,S-100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与治疗前比较降低,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)评分及左侧颈总动脉平均血流速率(Vm)、平均血流量(Qm)与治疗前比较升高,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血栓通注射液可明显改善急性脑梗死患者脑血流动力学,调节血清学指标水平变化,进而有助于促进患者神经功能、炎症反应和自理能力的改善,提高临床疗效,且并未明显增加患者的不良反应。展开更多
目的:系统评价复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的有效性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、万方和维普数据库等,搜集关于复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的随机对照试验(RC...目的:系统评价复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的有效性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、万方和维普数据库等,搜集关于复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2023年5月25日。采用RoB2.0对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评估,采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8研究,包括702名患者。结果显示,与对照组相比,联合治疗组可以提高患者综合疗效有效率[OR=1.23,CI(1.16,1.32),P<0.00001],在血液流变学指标方面,全血粘度[MD=-0.76,95%CI(-1.32,-0.20),P=0.008]、血浆粘度[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.47,-0.27),P<0.00001]、红细胞聚集指数[MD=-0.96,95%CI(-1.09,-0.84),P<0.00001]、红细胞比容[MD=-0.09,95%CI(-0.11,-0.07),P<0.00001]、纤维蛋白原[MD=-0.62,95%CI(-0.90,-0.33),P<0.00001]。结论:Meta分析结果表明,复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞可能改善血液流变学指标,能明显提升综合疗效有效率。但由于原始文献质量较低,分析结果具有一定限制性,故上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。展开更多
Objective To investigate the ameliorate effect and underlying mechanism of Xueshuantong for Injection(Lyophilized,注射用血栓通,XST)in streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)rats.Methods Diabetes mellitus(DM...Objective To investigate the ameliorate effect and underlying mechanism of Xueshuantong for Injection(Lyophilized,注射用血栓通,XST)in streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)rats.Methods Diabetes mellitus(DM)model was induced by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of STZ(60 mg/kg)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Diabetic rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=10)according to a random number table,including DM,XST50 and XST100 groups.XST treatment groups were daily i.p.injected with 50 or 100 mg/kg XST for 60 days,respectively.The control and DM groups were given i.p.injection with saline.Blood glucose level and body weight were recorded every week.Histological changes in the retina tissues were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Apoptosis and inflammation related factors,including cleaved caspase-3,glial fifibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were detected by Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction.Then,the levels of advanced glycation end product(AGE)and its receptor(RAGE)were investigated.Tight junctions proteins(Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin and Claudin-5)of blood-retinal barrier were detected by Western blot.The levels of retinal fifibrosis,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-Smad2/3 signaling pathway were evaluated at last.Results There was no signifificant difference in the body weight and blood glucose level between XST and DM groups(P>0.05).Compared with the DM group,XST treatment signifificantly increased the retinal thickness of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and suppressed cleaved caspase-3 expression(P<0.01).XST increased the protein expressions of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-5 and decreased the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and MMP-9(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,XST signifificantly reduced the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins in the retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),suppressed the over-expression of TNF-α,and decreased the elevated level of ICAM-1 in retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).XST signifificantly reduced the levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 protein in rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions XST had protective effects on DR with possible mechanisms of inhibiting the inflammation and apoptosis,up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins,suppressing the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins,and blocking the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.XST treatment might play a role for the future therapeutic strategy against DR.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fund of National Project of High.technicResearch and Development,(No.2003AA223269)
文摘Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lyophilized Salvia salt of lithospermic acid powder for injection （SSLA） in treating coronary heart diseases angina pectoris （CHD-AP） of Xin-blood stasis syndrome type, and to conduct the non-inferiority trial with Danshen injection （丹参注射液, DSI） as positive control. Methods： An non-inferiority clinical layered, segmented, randomized, and blinded trial on three parallel and multiple centered groups was conducted in 480 patients with stable effort angina grade Ⅰ , Ⅱand Ⅲ, who had two or more times of attack every week. The 240 patients in test group A were treated with SSLA 200 mg added in 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous dripping every day; the 120 patients in test group B were treated with SSLA but the dosage doubled; and the 120 patients in the control group were treated with DSI 20 ml daily in the same method as SSLA was given. The clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated after the patients were treated for 14 days. Results： The results showed that the markedly effective rate in test groups A, B and control group was 37.45 %, 36.75 % and 30.09 % respectively, while the total effective rate in them was 88.09%, 89.74% and 67.26% respectively. Statistical significance was shown in comparisons of the therapeutic effect between control group with test group A and test group B, with that in the two test groups superior to that in the control group, and non-inferiority trial showed eligibility （P〈0.01）. Adverse reaction appeared in 8 patients in the test groups and 2 in the control group. Conclusion： SSLA has definite therapeutic effect in treating patients with CHD-AP, with its effect not inferior to that of DSI, and no evident toxic-adverse reaction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1700400,2017YFC1700405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81921001,82122073)。
文摘Objective:Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection(YQFM),a Chinese medicine injection,has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure(HF).However,bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms of YQFM in treating HF remain poorly understood.Materials and Methods:Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of YQFM.A compound-target network was constructed to screen bioactive compounds based on contribution index calculation.Then,an adriamycin-induced HF rat model was established to evaluate the cardio-protective effects of YQFM by hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:Network pharmacology indicated that YQFM may alleviate HF through 36 compounds and 109 targets.Particularly,ginsenosides Rb1,Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb2,Rh1,schisandrin,and ginsenoside Rc were indicated as the top contributors of YQFM in treating HF.YQFM was predicted to act on multiple targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor A,interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-6,and IL-1β,as well as to regulate signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1,tumor necrosis factor,VEGF,and PI3K-Akt.The pharmacological study suggested that YQFM could attenuate cardiac injury and up-regulate plasma concentrations of VEGFR-1 and NO in HF rats.Ginsenoside Rb1,as the major contributor from network pharmacology analysis,also showed a cardioprotective effect and up-regulation of VEGFR-1 in plasma.Conclusions:Ginsenosides and schisandrin were predicted as the most important contributors to the cardioprotective effect of YQMF.Ginsenoside Rb1 was proved to alleviate HF and increase the plasma concentration of VEGFR-1.
文摘目的探讨血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)的作用。方法选取106例老年IS患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组用奥拉西坦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合血栓通注射液治疗,比较2组的临床疗效、神经功能[用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评估]、运动功能(用日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)量表评估)、颈动脉狭窄程度(颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率)、血流动力学(全血黏度、血流速度和血流阻力)、神经损伤因子[神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和脑源性神经生长因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)]和氧化应激指标[丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)]水平。结果观察组的总有效率为98.11%,高于对照组的86.79%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的NIHSS评分为(10.14±1.91)分,低于对照组的(12.43±2.12)分,P<0.05;观察组的ADL评分为(64.49±8.30)分,高于对照组的(58.37±7.26)分,P<0.05;观察组颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率分别为(1.27±0.11)mm、(74.84%±5.14%),低于对照组[(1.33±0.13)mm、(78.92%±5.95%)],P<0.05;观察组(高切和低切)全血黏度和血流阻力分别为(4.72±0.91)mPa·s、(10.99±2.25)mPa·s、(1.52±0.24)Pa·s·L^(-1),低于对照组[(5.86±1.17)mPa·s、(13.40±2.77)mPa·s、(1.64±0.27)Pa·s·L^(-1)],血流速度为(18.33±3.85)cm·s^(-1),高于对照组[(16.51±3.61)cm·s^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的GFAP和NSE分别为(5.62±1.11)、(23.88±4.25)ng·mL^(-1),低于对照组[(6.57±1.30)、(27.17±4.76)ng·mL^(-1)],BDNF为(3.06±0.77)ng·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(2.38±0.52)ng·mL^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的MDA为(3.62±0.63)μmol·L^(-1),低于对照组[(4.05±0.78)μmol·L^(-1)],SOD为(105.20±15.63)U·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(93.42±13.27)U·mL^(-1)],P<0.05。结论血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年IS患者疗效显著,可通过调节神经损伤因子和氧化应激因子水平及改善血流动力学,提高患者的神经功能和运动功能,改善颈动脉狭窄。
文摘目的探讨血栓通注射液对急性脑梗死患者脑血流动力学及血清学指标的影响。方法将160例2022年1月-2022年12月伊犁州奎屯医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者随机纳入对照组和试验组,各80例。经脱落或剔除后纳入120例患者进行研究,其中对照组50例、试验组70例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予血栓通注射液进行治疗,2组均治疗2周。比较2组治疗2周后的临床疗效;治疗前和治疗2周后的神经功能、自理能力、脑血流动力学、血清学指标及治疗期间的不良反应。结果试验组治疗2周后的总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05);治疗2周后,2组美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表(Modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分、左侧颈总动脉动态阻力(dynamic resistance,DR)、外周阻力(peripheral resistance,Rv)及血清钙结合蛋白β(calcium-binding proteinβ,S-100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与治疗前比较降低,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)评分及左侧颈总动脉平均血流速率(Vm)、平均血流量(Qm)与治疗前比较升高,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血栓通注射液可明显改善急性脑梗死患者脑血流动力学,调节血清学指标水平变化,进而有助于促进患者神经功能、炎症反应和自理能力的改善,提高临床疗效,且并未明显增加患者的不良反应。
文摘目的:系统评价复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的有效性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、万方和维普数据库等,搜集关于复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2023年5月25日。采用RoB2.0对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评估,采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8研究,包括702名患者。结果显示,与对照组相比,联合治疗组可以提高患者综合疗效有效率[OR=1.23,CI(1.16,1.32),P<0.00001],在血液流变学指标方面,全血粘度[MD=-0.76,95%CI(-1.32,-0.20),P=0.008]、血浆粘度[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.47,-0.27),P<0.00001]、红细胞聚集指数[MD=-0.96,95%CI(-1.09,-0.84),P<0.00001]、红细胞比容[MD=-0.09,95%CI(-0.11,-0.07),P<0.00001]、纤维蛋白原[MD=-0.62,95%CI(-0.90,-0.33),P<0.00001]。结论:Meta分析结果表明,复方血栓通联合复方樟柳碱注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞可能改善血液流变学指标,能明显提升综合疗效有效率。但由于原始文献质量较低,分析结果具有一定限制性,故上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573644)Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(No.2012ZX09101201-004)+1 种基金Guangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.14125008-2-5)and Tianjin 131 Innovative Team Project and Training Program Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Higher Education in Tianjin(No.TD 13-5050)。
文摘Objective To investigate the ameliorate effect and underlying mechanism of Xueshuantong for Injection(Lyophilized,注射用血栓通,XST)in streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)rats.Methods Diabetes mellitus(DM)model was induced by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of STZ(60 mg/kg)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Diabetic rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=10)according to a random number table,including DM,XST50 and XST100 groups.XST treatment groups were daily i.p.injected with 50 or 100 mg/kg XST for 60 days,respectively.The control and DM groups were given i.p.injection with saline.Blood glucose level and body weight were recorded every week.Histological changes in the retina tissues were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Apoptosis and inflammation related factors,including cleaved caspase-3,glial fifibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were detected by Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction.Then,the levels of advanced glycation end product(AGE)and its receptor(RAGE)were investigated.Tight junctions proteins(Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin and Claudin-5)of blood-retinal barrier were detected by Western blot.The levels of retinal fifibrosis,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-Smad2/3 signaling pathway were evaluated at last.Results There was no signifificant difference in the body weight and blood glucose level between XST and DM groups(P>0.05).Compared with the DM group,XST treatment signifificantly increased the retinal thickness of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and suppressed cleaved caspase-3 expression(P<0.01).XST increased the protein expressions of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-5 and decreased the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and MMP-9(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,XST signifificantly reduced the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins in the retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),suppressed the over-expression of TNF-α,and decreased the elevated level of ICAM-1 in retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).XST signifificantly reduced the levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 protein in rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions XST had protective effects on DR with possible mechanisms of inhibiting the inflammation and apoptosis,up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins,suppressing the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins,and blocking the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.XST treatment might play a role for the future therapeutic strategy against DR.
