从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的YMovement及其他倒装句

英语中有一个比较特别的倒装结构，语言学者称之谓Ｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ，其形式如下：Ａ ｍａｎ ａｎｄ ａｗｏｍａｎ ｃａｍｅｉｎ．Ｔｈｅｙｌｏｏｋｅｄ ａ ｂｉｔ ｄｉｓｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄ ． Ｗｅｔａｌｋｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｍａｎ ｆｉｒｓｔ． Ｔｈｅ ｍａｎ ｗｅｉｇｎｏｒｅｄ．（Ｇｉｖóｎ，１９９３ ，Ｖｏｌ．Ⅱ：１８３） 语法书通常认为其中提前的宾语是一般的“话题”，或者认为是“焦点话题”。这两种提法都是片面的。其实，Ｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ 结构中提前的那个名词组，有时候是“对比话题”，有时候则是用来重新引进一个先前已经提到的“人、事、物”，以便充作话题，这里称之为“重引话题”。本文将以汉语中相对应的结构，从“焦点”与“话题”的观点，来比较其异同，以说明这个结构及英语其他倒装句的正确意义及功能。

Association between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Features of Chinese Emerging Adults

Background:Emerging adulthood is a pivotal life stage,presenting significant psychological and social changes,such as decreased sociability,depression,and other mental health problems.Previous studies have associated these changes with an unhealthy lifestyle.The 24-h movement guidelines for healthy lifestyles have been developed to promote appropriate health behaviors and improve individual wellness.However,the relationship between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and different characteristics of Chinese emerging adults is yet to be explored.This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and four characteristics(self-exploration,instability,possibilities,and responsibility)of Chinese emerging adults.Methods:Overall,1,510 Chinese emerging adults aged 18–29 years were included in this study.Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and the inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the associations between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and each of the four characteristics.Results:The proportion of participants who adhered to the 24-h movement guidelines was 31.72%.Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly negative relationship between adhering to more guidelines and instability(β=−0.51,p<0.001).A statistically significant association was observed between instability and meeting only sedentary behavior(β=−1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:[−2.32,−0.24],p=0.02),sedentary behavior+sleep(β=−1.30,95%CI:[−2.24,−0.35],p<0.01),and physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=−1.08,95%CI:[1.94,−0.21],p=0.02)guidelines.Further,positive and significant associations were observed between possibilities and meeting the guidelines for only physical activity(β=0.70,95%CI:[0.14,1.27),p=0.01),only sleep(β=0.61,95%CI:[0.01,1.21],p=0.04),physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=0.56,95%CI:[0.04,1.07),p=0.01),and physical activity+sleep(β=0.76,95%CI:[0.23,1.27],p=0.01).Conclusions:These findings suggest that adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with instability in Chinese emerging adults.Future studies are warranted to verify our findings to highlight the importance of maintaining a heath lifestyle to promote health in emerging adulthood.

Force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis regulates orthodontic tooth movement

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1^(−/−)mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.

Olympic Games and 24-hour movement behaviors:A match worth making

1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values.Both the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach while recognizing no single entity rises above the others.Collectively,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world through sport.

The osteoclastic activity in apical distal region of molar mesial roots affects orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats

The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.However,the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient,and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established.Here,by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology,we found that the apical distal region(A-D region)of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats.Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase(TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams(g),leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement.When the force reached 80 g,TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region.Additionally,micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g.Notably,the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption.It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement,inclination,and hyalinization.These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model.Collectively,our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients’orthodontic treatment.

Modifying the progression of Parkinson's disease through movement interventions:multimodal quantification of underlying mechanisms

Introduction:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder.The pathological hallmark is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta,which is accompanied by widespread alterations in the structu re and function of distributed brain networks.Togethe r,these processes cause a variety of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia,rigidity,tremor,gait disorders,or difficulties in fine motor control(Bange et al.,2022).

Dual roles of the amygdala-hippocampus circuit in the regulation of rapid eye movement sleep and depression symptoms by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with insomnia

To the editor:It is commonly reported that people with insomnia often experience comorbid emotional disorders,such as mood and anxiety disorders.12 A study found that fragmented rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in individuals with insomnia is associated with higher Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scores.3 REM sleep architecture disruption is a typical symptom of insomnia.

Present-day movement characteristics of the Qinghai Nanshan fault and its surrounding area from GPS observation

The Qinghai Nanshan fault is a larger fault in the Northeastern Xizang Plateau.In previous studies,its movement characteristics are mainly investigated with geological and seismic observations,and the tectonic transformation role of the fault on its east is not yet clear.This study uses data fusion to obtain denser GPS observations near the Qinghai Nanshan fault.Based on tectonic characteristics,we establish a block model to investigate the fault slip rate,locking degree,and slip deficit.The results show that the Qinghai Nanshan fault slip rate is characterized by sinistral and convergent movement.Both the sinistral and convergent rates display a decreasing trend from west to east.The locking degree and slip deficit are higher in the western segment(with an average of about 0.74 and 1.1 mm/a)and lower in the eastern segment.Then,we construct a strain rate field using GPS observations to analyze the regional strain characteristics.The results indicate that along the fault,the western segment shows a larger shear strain rate and negative dilation rate.Regional earthquake records show that the frequency of earthquakes is lower near the fault.The joint results suggest that the western segment may have a higher earthquake risk.In addition,the insignificant fault slip rate in the eastern segment may indicate that it does not participate in the tectonic transformation among the Riyueshan,Lajishan,and West Qinling faults.

Obtaining 2D Soil Geotechnical Profiles from Cokriging Interpolation of Sample Data and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)—Applications in Mass Movements Studies

Brazil annually faces significant challenges with mass movements, particularly in areas with poorly constructed housing, inadequate engineering, and lacking sanitation infrastructure. Campos do Jordão, in São Paulo state, is a city currently grappling with these issues. This paper details a study conducted within a pilot area in Campos do Jordão, where geophysical surveys and geotechnical borehole data were integrated. The geophysical surveys provided 2D profiles, and samples were collected to analyse soil moisture and plasticity. These datasets were combined using a Cokriging-based model to produce an accurate representation of the subsurface conditions. The enhanced modelling of subsurface variability facilitates a deeper understanding of soil behavior, which can be used to improve landslide risk assessments. This approach is innovative, particularly within the international context where similar studies often do not address the complexities associated with urban planning deficits such as those observed in some areas of Brazil. These conditions, including the lack of proper sanitation and irregular housing, significantly influence the geological stability of the region, adding layers of complexity to subsurface assessments. Adapting geotechnical evaluation methods to local challenges offers the potential to increase the efficacy and relevance of geological risk management in regions with similar socio-economic and urban characteristics.

Experimental study on the movement of oil spill under freeze-thaw action

Oil leakages cause environmental pollution,economic losses,and even engineering safety accidents.In cold regions,researchers urgently investigate the movement of oil spill in soils exposed to freeze-thaw cycles.In this study,a series of laboratory model experiments were carried out on the migration of oil leakage under freeze-thaw action,and the distributions of the soil temperature,unfrozen water content,and displacement were analyzed.The results showed that under freeze-thaw action,liquid water in soils migrated to the freezing front and accumulated.After the pipe cracked,oil pollutants first gathered at one side of the leak hole,and then moved around.The pipe wall temperature affected the soil temperature field,and the thermal influence range below and transverse the pipe wall(35–40 cm)was larger than that above the pipe wall(8 cm)owing to the soil surface temperature.The leaked oil's temperature would make the temperature of the surrounding soil rise.Oil would inhibit the cooling of the soils.Besides,oil migration was significantly affected by the gravity and water flow patterns.The freeze-thaw action would affect the migration of the oil,which was mainly manifested as inhibiting the diffusion and movement of oil when soils were frozen.Unfrozen water transport caused by freeze-thaw cycles would also inhibit oil migration.The research results would provide a scientific reference for understanding the relationship between the movement of oil pollutants,water,and soil temperature,and for establishing a waterheat-mass transport model in frozen soils.

Effect of different interventions on orthodontic tooth movement acceleration:A network meta-analysis

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months.

Muscle Strength, Lumbar Curve, Fear of Movement and Functional Disability among Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Review

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.

Is It about a Bicycle? A Posthumanist Perspective on the Role of Women’s Bicycles in WWII Resistance Movements

Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.

一种Y型延迟荧光分子及其蓝光和绿光OLED应用

以噻吨酮作为受体、3,6-(二咔唑基)三咔唑作为给体设计合成了一种具有延迟荧光特性的Y型分子(TX-TCz)。模拟计算表明化合物HOMO和LUMO能级完全分离且在苯环上存在较小的重叠,有助于获得小的S1和T1的能级差ΔEST。随着溶剂极性的增加,化合物发射峰发生明显的红移且由于电荷转移态和局域激发态的共存产生了双峰发射。在纯膜中TX-TCz的发射峰位于513 nm,量子产率为11.5%。基于低温下荧光和磷光发射峰,计算得到化合物的ΔEST为0.03 eV,并且检测到µs级的寿命,说明化合物具有延迟荧光发射。与此同时,化合物展示了良好的热稳定性能和电化学性能,有助于制备高性能OLED器件。其在掺杂浓度为5%(wt)的器件中展示了良好的蓝光性能,发射峰位于463 nm,最大外量子效率为1.53%;在非掺杂器件中展示了良好的绿光发射(522 nm),最大外量子效率达到1.81%。

不同预时效挤压态Mg−Gd−Y−Zn−Zr合金的再结晶行为和强化机制

通过控制预时效时间制备3种不同状态的试样,研究不同预时效状态对挤压态Mg−9.5Gd−4Y−2.2Zn−0.5Zr(质量分数,%)合金的动态再结晶行为(DRX)和性能的影响。结果表明,欠时效挤压(UAE)样品的细晶体积分数为17.4%,而峰时效挤压(PAE)和过时效挤压(OAE)样品的细晶体积分数分别达到89.7%和50.4%。在晶粒内部和晶界处分布的致密、细小的β颗粒相通过粒子激发形核机制显著提高了形核位点和位错密度。然而,致密针状γ'相抑制位错滑移,延迟DRX形核。PEA和OAE样品中细小晶粒的差异归因于原始颗粒相的数量和尺寸的不同,而其拉伸性能的差异归因于不同的显微组织。由于晶界强化和析出强化机制的贡献更大,PAE样品具有更优异的拉伸性能。

等臂双着丝粒Y染色体胎儿的产前诊断、遗传咨询与随访

目的分析5例等臂双着丝粒Y染色体[idic(Y)]胎儿的产前诊断、遗传咨询与随访结果,为idic(Y)胎儿的临床处理提供参考依据。方法选择2018年1月至2022年8月7347例有产前诊断指征的孕妇,采用常规G显带核型及染色体微阵列分析(CMA)技术检测胎儿羊水,并用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术验证,亲代染色体核型溯源检测。遗传咨询后跟踪随访妊娠结局。结果共诊断新发的idic(Y)胎儿5例,其中例1胎儿为单纯的idic(Yq),例2~5均为idic(Yq)与X单体的嵌合体。产前超声提示5例胎儿均为男性,除例1胎儿伴双侧马蹄内翻足可能外,其余4例均未见明显结构畸形。结合超声结果并予以个性化咨询后,例1~2选择继续妊娠,例3~5均终止妊娠。随访例1患儿至4周岁,足内翻手术效果良好,轻度发育迟缓经康复训练后好转;随访例2患儿至2周岁,暂未见异常表型;例3已再次受孕并分娩1名健康女婴;例4~5仍在备孕中。结论细胞与分子遗传学技术的联合应用有助于产前诊断idic(Y)胎儿,合理的遗传咨询及长期随访可为其后续的临床诊疗提供重要依据。

NiW/介孔Y型分子筛催化剂上菲加氢裂化过程研究

为了实现对煤焦油中副产物多环芳烃菲的有效利用,采用等体积浸渍法制备了介孔Y型分子筛负载金属Ni、W催化剂,利用XRD、H2-TPR、BET、SEM-EDS对制备的催化剂进行表征分析,并在固定床反应器中考察催化剂上菲加氢裂化性能,探讨了反应过程中空速、气液比、温度、压力对催化剂积碳率、菲的转化率、液体收率及产物分布的影响.研究表明,增加空速和气液比会降低催化剂的积碳率,过高的反应温度会导致催化剂快速地积碳失活.通过定时采样对裂解产物分析得到菲在催化剂上的裂解率变化情况,同时也能反映出催化剂的稳定性.对反应过程条件优化得到的最优条件为:空速6 h^(-1),气液比750,温度400℃,压力6.5 MPa.此时,菲的裂解率可以稳定在99%以上,同时催化剂保持较高的稳定性,在4 h内未出现活性降低.

Ru、Y对铸造高温合金与陶瓷界面反应的影响

在定向凝固炉中,采用相同的硅基陶瓷型芯,刚玉陶瓷型壳,熔炼工艺和定向凝固工艺制备了四种不同Ru、Y含量的单晶高温合金叶片,研究了组织稳定性提升元素Ru、抗氧化性增强元素Y对合金与陶瓷材料界面反应的影响。研究结果表明,合金中不含Ru、Y时,合金与型壳发生的界面反应主要为物理粘砂作用,未见合金元素与型壳发生明显的化学反应,合金与型芯发生轻微的界面反应,除了物理作用,还发生了Al与SiO2的化学反应。合金中添加Ru,对合金与型壳或型芯的界面反应无影响。合金中添加0.01%Y后,合金与陶瓷型壳或型芯的界面反应稍有增加,但由于其添加量较少,故影响较小。

Y型管式油水分离结构分离特性仿真分析

管式油水分离技术具有占地面积小、分离效率高、成本低等优点,基于管式油水分离原理,设计一种Y型管式油水分离结构,利用Fluent数值模拟软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和Mixture多相流模型,对Y型管内部流场特性以及外部参数对分离效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,Y型管对流体扰动小,内部流场特性稳定不易产生涡流,能够实现油水分离,支管与主管交汇处存在油水分离现象;油水分离效率随着油滴粒径的增大而逐渐提高,油滴粒径越大越利于油相上浮聚集在Y型管上层,能有效提高油水分离效率;入口速度对油水分离效果的影响很大,速度越大,油相上浮时间越短,Y型管的分离效率越低;分离效率随支管分流比的增大而增大,当入口速度为0.5 m/s时,分流比超过0.4后,分离效率不再增加。研究结果为油水分离提供了新思路,可为Y型管的设计提供理论参考。

Y型沟谷桥址区风特性的数值模拟研究

复杂山区的风场特性不同于平原地区,风场十分复杂,没有较为统一的规律,对大跨度桥梁的结构振动影响较大。为了研究复杂山区地形对桥址区风场特性的影响规律,以某座位于多条沟谷交汇谷口的斜拉桥桥址区为工程背景,基于ALOS数字高程地形模型,通过CFD数值模拟的方法,计算了不同风向来流下桥位处的风场特性。分析了桥址区主要的几条沟谷和桥位处局部地形对沿主梁横桥向平均风速、风攻角、风偏角及桥梁跨中竖向风剖面等风特性的影响。研究了横桥向平均风速大小和风攻角之间的关系,定性讨论了存在风速放大效应的来流工况和桥址区地形特点之间的关系。结果表明:Y型沟谷桥址区风特性不同于一般的山区桥址区,当来流沿着几条比较顺直的沟谷时桥位处平均风速较大,其他风向桥位处风速较小;沟谷的弯曲致使沿着沟谷的来流产生回流和改向,这时桥位处的风攻角较大,沿着主梁的风偏角变化范围较大,水平风速较小,不存在风速峡谷放大效应;桥位处交汇的沟谷局部地形对桥梁跨中竖向风剖面影响较大。研究结果为桥梁设计风速的确定提供了依据,可为定性判断Y型沟谷口桥位处风特性提供指导。