A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previ...A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previously.After admission to our hospital,gastroscopy and bronchoscopy revealed a fistulous communication between the posterior tracheal wallnear the carina and the upper residual stomach.We measured the diameter of the trachea and bronchus and determined the site and size of the fistula using multislice computed tomography and gastroscopy.A covered self-expanding Y-shaped metallic stent was implanted into the trachea and bronchus.Subsequently,the fistula was closed completely.The patient tolerated the stent well and had good palliation of his symptoms.展开更多
Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macr...Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride with poly（ethylene glycol） monomethyl ether （PEG）. The copolymers were obtained via the ATRP ofN-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） at 30℃ with CuCl/Me6TREN as a catalyst system and DMF/H2O （v/v = 3：1） mixture as solvent. The resulting copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and ^1H NMR. These block copolymers show controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions （PDI 〈 1.15）. Their phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy changes in aqueous solution were measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. As a result, the phase transition temperature of PEG45-b-（PNIPAM55）2 is higher than that of PNIPAM, however, the corresponding enthalpy change is much lower, indicating the significant influence of the macromolecular composition and architecture on the phase transition.展开更多
Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading path...Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading paths. Thickness distribution of formed Y-shaped tube was obtained. It is shown by numerical and experimental results that the transition regions are depressed in the forming condition of low inner pressure and wrinkles occur, while fracture occurs in the forming condition of high inner pressure. After forming, the thickness in left transition fillet region is the largest, that in fight transition fillet region is thinner, and the thinnest thickness is at the top of the protrusion. The original thickness line is below the top of the protrusion. The thinning area occurs above this line, while the thickening area is below this line. The maximum thinning rate is significantly increased as the calibration pressure increases, while the maximum thickening rate remains almost unchanged.展开更多
We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the b...We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 （2010）]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.展开更多
Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's a...Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's and ЪерезанцевВГ's methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi's method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.展开更多
The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts a...The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.展开更多
Background: Many reasons can lead to an aphakia without adequate capsular support for implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), such as intraoperative unintentional rupture of posterior capsule durin...Background: Many reasons can lead to an aphakia without adequate capsular support for implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), such as intraoperative unintentional rupture of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification, planned intracapsular cataract extraction, ocular trauma and lens dislocation due to congenital and acquired causes. Purpose: To compare Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL with retro pupillary fixation of an iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) for Aphakic eyes without sufficient capsular support as respects safety, visual recovery and complications of both methods. Patients and Methods: One hundred Aphakic eyes were arbitrarily distributed between two groups. Group A included 50 eyes treated with retropupillary fixation of iris claw lens and group B included 50 eyes treated with Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation technique. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analysed including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), surgical time, intraoperative problems, IOL malposition and postoperative complications. Following up on patients was carried out for at least six months. Results: The mean duration of surgery was 21 ± 5.3 min in group A and was 53.4 ± 6.9 min in group B (p-value 0.05). IOL tilt was found in 0 (0%) eyes in group A and in 5 (10%) eyes in group B (p 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that both methods are satisfactory in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support as regards postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA);however the surgical technique of retropupillary iris claw lens is easier, shorter, with low intra- and postoperative complications and safer than those used for intra-scleral fixation of IOL. But for eyes which lack both iris and capsular support, a scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL remains the only option.展开更多
BACKGROUNDMandibular fractures constitute about 80.79% of maxillofacial injuries inAlexandria University, either as isolated mandibular fractures or as a part ofpanfacial fractures. The combination of symphyseal and p...BACKGROUNDMandibular fractures constitute about 80.79% of maxillofacial injuries inAlexandria University, either as isolated mandibular fractures or as a part ofpanfacial fractures. The combination of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fracturesrepresent 47.09% of the total mandibular fractures.AIMTo compare the effectiveness of lag screws vs double Y-shaped miniplates in thefixation of anterior mandibular fractures.METHODSThis study is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, performed onsixteen patients with anterior mandibular fractures. Patients were divided equallyinto two groups, each consisting of eight patients. Group 1: Underwent openreduction and internal fixation using two lag screws. Group 2: Underwent openreduction and internal fixation using double Y-shaped plates. The followingparameters were assessed: operating time in minutes, pain using a visual analogscale, edema, surgical wound healing for signs and symptoms of infection,occlusion status and stability, maximal mouth opening, and sensory nervefunction. Cone beam computed tomography was performed at 3 and 6 mo tomeasure bone density and assess the progression of fracture healing.RESULTSThe study included 13 males (81.3%) and 3 females (18.8%) aged 26 to 45 years(mean age was 35.69 ± 6.01 years). The cause of trauma was road traffic accidentsin 10 patients (62.5%), interpersonal violence in 3 patients (18.8%) and othercauses in 3 patients (18.8%). The fractures comprised 10 parasymphyseal fractures(62.5%) and 6 symphyseal fractures (37.5%). The values of all parameters were comparable in both groups with no statistically significant difference except forthe mean bone density at 3 mo postoperatively which was 946.38 ± 66.29 in group 1 and 830.36 ± 95.53 in group 2 (P = 0.015).CONCLUSIONBoth lag screws and double Y-shaped miniplates provide favorable means offixation for mandibular fractures in the anterior region. Fractures fixed with lagscrews show greater mean bone density at 3 mo post-operation, indicative ofhigher primary stability and faster early bone healing. Further studies with largersample sizes are required to verify these conclusions.展开更多
淋巴细胞胞质蛋白2(lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2,LCP2)是一种衔接蛋白质,在T细胞受体信号通路中扮演重要角色,激活下游信号因子以完成机体的免疫应答过程。LCP2也在恶性肿瘤的发生发展与转移中发挥重要作用,其高表达会导致不良的预...淋巴细胞胞质蛋白2(lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2,LCP2)是一种衔接蛋白质,在T细胞受体信号通路中扮演重要角色,激活下游信号因子以完成机体的免疫应答过程。LCP2也在恶性肿瘤的发生发展与转移中发挥重要作用,其高表达会导致不良的预后效果,降低患者生存率,其具体作用机制涉及多条信号通路。本文不仅对LCP2的分子结构以及基本功能进行了介绍,而且重点综合评述了LCP2通过参与NF-κB、MAPK、JAK/STAT以及PD-1/PD-L1信号通路调控恶性肿瘤发生与发展的分子机制。总结了LCP2作为肿瘤治疗靶点的潜在作用,为将来用于相关疾病的诊断、治疗和标志物筛选等提供理论基础和参考依据。展开更多
miR-18a has been identified as a significantly expressed microRNA(miRNA)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and plays a vital role in cancer cell transformation,metastasis,and carcinogenesis.Herein,a pair of binary pr...miR-18a has been identified as a significantly expressed microRNA(miRNA)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and plays a vital role in cancer cell transformation,metastasis,and carcinogenesis.Herein,a pair of binary probes from numerous probe pairs based on single nucleotide polymorphism analyses of miR-18a and miR-18b was first designed and screened to develop a Y-shaped ratio biosensor for accurate detection of serum miR-18a in NSCLC.The special structure of the binary probes combined with the hairpin showed strong specificity for miR-18a,which was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay and square wave voltammetry assay.Furthermore,it is beneficial to immobilize single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)probes due to the large specific surface area of nanoporous gold,thereby improving the sensitivity of the biosensor.The Y-shaped ratio biosensor exhibited a wide detection range and can quantify the concentration of miR-18a in the range of 10 fmol/L–100 pmol/L,with a limit of detection of 0.211 fmol/L(S/N=3).Moreover,it exhibits excellent detection capabilities in serum samples since the biosensor showed a high selectivity toward the coexistence of miR-18a and miR-18b.Therefore,the prepared Y-shaped ratio biosensor is a highly sensitive and specific miR-18a detection tool,capable of identifying microscopic amounts of miR-18a in serum samples,providing great potential for early screening of NSCLC.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose caused by insufficient absolute or relative secretion of insulin.Once diagnosed,patients need long-term treatment with hypoglycemic drugs...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose caused by insufficient absolute or relative secretion of insulin.Once diagnosed,patients need long-term treatment with hypoglycemic drugs.Currently,the existing first-line hypoglycemic drugs do not provide effective treatment for DM and its complications.In the past,the first generation and the second generation of weight loss surgery,such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastric surgery,had strict body mass index requirements.Moreover,post-surgery,patients are prone to fluctuating hypoglycemia,gastroesophageal reflux,and dumping syndrome.Hence,the curative effect of this type of surgery was compromised to a certain extent.Jejunoileostomy is a third-generation surgery for patients with DM,which has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism,without changing the original gastrointestinal tract structure.Different from previous weight loss surgeries,jejunoileostomy has been clinically observed to delay the development of DM-related complications.Additionally,the postoperative complications are mild and do not affect the patient’s quality of life.Based on our clinical observations from multi-center large samples,our team developed a consensus on the operative period and perioperative management of jejunoileostomy as a reference for clinical researchers.展开更多
Valleytronics is an emergent discipline in condensed matter physics and offers a new way to encode and manipulate information based on the valley degree of freedom in materials. Among the various materials being studi...Valleytronics is an emergent discipline in condensed matter physics and offers a new way to encode and manipulate information based on the valley degree of freedom in materials. Among the various materials being studied, Kekulé distorted graphene has emerged as a promising material for valleytronics applications. Graphene can be artificially distorted to form the Kekulé structures rendering the valley-related interaction. In this work, we review the recent progress of research on Kekulé structures of graphene and focus on the modified electronic bands due to different Kekulé distortions as well as their effects on the transport properties of electrons. We systematically discuss how the valley-related interaction in the Kekulé structures was used to control and affect the valley transport including the valley generation, manipulation, and detection. This article summarizes the current challenges and prospects for further research on Kekulé distorted graphene and its potential applications in valleytronics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adaptor protein,phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1(APPL1)plays a crucial role in regulating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.Mutations in the APPL1 gene have been associ...BACKGROUND Adaptor protein,phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1(APPL1)plays a crucial role in regulating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.Mutations in the APPL1 gene have been associated with the development of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 14(MODY14).Currently,only two mutations[c.1655T>A(p.Leu552*)and c.281G>A p.(Asp94Asn)]have been identified in association with this disease.Given the limited understanding of MODY14,it is imperative to identify additional cases and carry out comprehensive research on MODY14 and APPL1 mutations.AIM To assess the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetic patients and to characterize the functional role of the APPL1 domain.METHODS Patients exhibiting clinical signs and a medical history suggestive of MODY were screened for the study.Whole exome sequencing was performed on the patients as well as their family members.The pathogenicity of the identified APPL1 variants was predicted on the basis of bioinformatics analysis.In addition,the pathogenicity of the novel APPL1 variant was preliminarily evaluated through in vitro functional experiments.Finally,the impact of these variants on APPL1 protein expression and the insulin pathway were assessed,and the potential mechanism underlying the interaction between the APPL1 protein and the insulin receptor was further explored.RESULTS A total of five novel mutations were identified,including four missense mutations(Asp632Tyr,Arg633His,Arg532Gln,and Ile642Met)and one intronic mutation(1153-16A>T).Pathogenicity prediction analysis revealed that the Arg532Gln was pathogenic across all predictions.The Asp632Tyr and Arg633His variants also had pathogenicity based on MutationTaster.In addition,multiple alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the Arg532Gln,Asp632Tyr,and Arg633His variants were conserved across different species.Moreover,in in vitro functional experiments,both the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were found to downregulate the expression of APPL1 on both protein and mRNA levels,indicating their pathogenic nature.Therefore,based on the patient’s clinical and family history,combined with the results from bioinformatics analysis and functional experiment,the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were classified as pathogenic mutations.Importantly,all these mutations were located within the phosphotyrosinebinding domain of APPL1,which plays a critical role in the insulin sensitization effect.CONCLUSION This study provided new insights into the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetes and revealed a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.展开更多
文摘A 67-year-old man had a sev-ere cough and pulmonary infection for 1 wk before seeking evaluation at our hospital.He had undergone esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer 3 years previously.After admission to our hospital,gastroscopy and bronchoscopy revealed a fistulous communication between the posterior tracheal wallnear the carina and the upper residual stomach.We measured the diameter of the trachea and bronchus and determined the site and size of the fistula using multislice computed tomography and gastroscopy.A covered self-expanding Y-shaped metallic stent was implanted into the trachea and bronchus.Subsequently,the fistula was closed completely.The patient tolerated the stent well and had good palliation of his symptoms.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20134020)the Visiting Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China(No.20081001)the Science Research Fund of Shandong Jiaotong University of China(No.Z200802)
文摘Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly（ethylene glycol） and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）, PEG-b-（PNIPAM）2, were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. A difunctional macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride with poly（ethylene glycol） monomethyl ether （PEG）. The copolymers were obtained via the ATRP ofN-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） at 30℃ with CuCl/Me6TREN as a catalyst system and DMF/H2O （v/v = 3：1） mixture as solvent. The resulting copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and ^1H NMR. These block copolymers show controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions （PDI 〈 1.15）. Their phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy changes in aqueous solution were measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. As a result, the phase transition temperature of PEG45-b-（PNIPAM55）2 is higher than that of PNIPAM, however, the corresponding enthalpy change is much lower, indicating the significant influence of the macromolecular composition and architecture on the phase transition.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50525516)
文摘Hydroforming process of a Y-shaped stainless steel tube was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The forming process and reasons of typical defects were analyzed with three different loading paths. Thickness distribution of formed Y-shaped tube was obtained. It is shown by numerical and experimental results that the transition regions are depressed in the forming condition of low inner pressure and wrinkles occur, while fracture occurs in the forming condition of high inner pressure. After forming, the thickness in left transition fillet region is the largest, that in fight transition fillet region is thinner, and the thinnest thickness is at the top of the protrusion. The original thickness line is below the top of the protrusion. The thinning area occurs above this line, while the thickening area is below this line. The maximum thinning rate is significantly increased as the calibration pressure increases, while the maximum thickening rate remains almost unchanged.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50921002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2010LKWL09)
文摘We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 （2010）]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.
文摘Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's and ЪерезанцевВГ's methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi's method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11172060 and11672065)
文摘The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.
文摘Background: Many reasons can lead to an aphakia without adequate capsular support for implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), such as intraoperative unintentional rupture of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification, planned intracapsular cataract extraction, ocular trauma and lens dislocation due to congenital and acquired causes. Purpose: To compare Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL with retro pupillary fixation of an iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) for Aphakic eyes without sufficient capsular support as respects safety, visual recovery and complications of both methods. Patients and Methods: One hundred Aphakic eyes were arbitrarily distributed between two groups. Group A included 50 eyes treated with retropupillary fixation of iris claw lens and group B included 50 eyes treated with Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation technique. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analysed including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), surgical time, intraoperative problems, IOL malposition and postoperative complications. Following up on patients was carried out for at least six months. Results: The mean duration of surgery was 21 ± 5.3 min in group A and was 53.4 ± 6.9 min in group B (p-value 0.05). IOL tilt was found in 0 (0%) eyes in group A and in 5 (10%) eyes in group B (p 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that both methods are satisfactory in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support as regards postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA);however the surgical technique of retropupillary iris claw lens is easier, shorter, with low intra- and postoperative complications and safer than those used for intra-scleral fixation of IOL. But for eyes which lack both iris and capsular support, a scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL remains the only option.
文摘BACKGROUNDMandibular fractures constitute about 80.79% of maxillofacial injuries inAlexandria University, either as isolated mandibular fractures or as a part ofpanfacial fractures. The combination of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fracturesrepresent 47.09% of the total mandibular fractures.AIMTo compare the effectiveness of lag screws vs double Y-shaped miniplates in thefixation of anterior mandibular fractures.METHODSThis study is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, performed onsixteen patients with anterior mandibular fractures. Patients were divided equallyinto two groups, each consisting of eight patients. Group 1: Underwent openreduction and internal fixation using two lag screws. Group 2: Underwent openreduction and internal fixation using double Y-shaped plates. The followingparameters were assessed: operating time in minutes, pain using a visual analogscale, edema, surgical wound healing for signs and symptoms of infection,occlusion status and stability, maximal mouth opening, and sensory nervefunction. Cone beam computed tomography was performed at 3 and 6 mo tomeasure bone density and assess the progression of fracture healing.RESULTSThe study included 13 males (81.3%) and 3 females (18.8%) aged 26 to 45 years(mean age was 35.69 ± 6.01 years). The cause of trauma was road traffic accidentsin 10 patients (62.5%), interpersonal violence in 3 patients (18.8%) and othercauses in 3 patients (18.8%). The fractures comprised 10 parasymphyseal fractures(62.5%) and 6 symphyseal fractures (37.5%). The values of all parameters were comparable in both groups with no statistically significant difference except forthe mean bone density at 3 mo postoperatively which was 946.38 ± 66.29 in group 1 and 830.36 ± 95.53 in group 2 (P = 0.015).CONCLUSIONBoth lag screws and double Y-shaped miniplates provide favorable means offixation for mandibular fractures in the anterior region. Fractures fixed with lagscrews show greater mean bone density at 3 mo post-operation, indicative ofhigher primary stability and faster early bone healing. Further studies with largersample sizes are required to verify these conclusions.
文摘淋巴细胞胞质蛋白2(lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2,LCP2)是一种衔接蛋白质,在T细胞受体信号通路中扮演重要角色,激活下游信号因子以完成机体的免疫应答过程。LCP2也在恶性肿瘤的发生发展与转移中发挥重要作用,其高表达会导致不良的预后效果,降低患者生存率,其具体作用机制涉及多条信号通路。本文不仅对LCP2的分子结构以及基本功能进行了介绍,而且重点综合评述了LCP2通过参与NF-κB、MAPK、JAK/STAT以及PD-1/PD-L1信号通路调控恶性肿瘤发生与发展的分子机制。总结了LCP2作为肿瘤治疗靶点的潜在作用,为将来用于相关疾病的诊断、治疗和标志物筛选等提供理论基础和参考依据。
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development FundMacao SAR(0040/2021/AGJ)。
文摘miR-18a has been identified as a significantly expressed microRNA(miRNA)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and plays a vital role in cancer cell transformation,metastasis,and carcinogenesis.Herein,a pair of binary probes from numerous probe pairs based on single nucleotide polymorphism analyses of miR-18a and miR-18b was first designed and screened to develop a Y-shaped ratio biosensor for accurate detection of serum miR-18a in NSCLC.The special structure of the binary probes combined with the hairpin showed strong specificity for miR-18a,which was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay and square wave voltammetry assay.Furthermore,it is beneficial to immobilize single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)probes due to the large specific surface area of nanoporous gold,thereby improving the sensitivity of the biosensor.The Y-shaped ratio biosensor exhibited a wide detection range and can quantify the concentration of miR-18a in the range of 10 fmol/L–100 pmol/L,with a limit of detection of 0.211 fmol/L(S/N=3).Moreover,it exhibits excellent detection capabilities in serum samples since the biosensor showed a high selectivity toward the coexistence of miR-18a and miR-18b.Therefore,the prepared Y-shaped ratio biosensor is a highly sensitive and specific miR-18a detection tool,capable of identifying microscopic amounts of miR-18a in serum samples,providing great potential for early screening of NSCLC.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose caused by insufficient absolute or relative secretion of insulin.Once diagnosed,patients need long-term treatment with hypoglycemic drugs.Currently,the existing first-line hypoglycemic drugs do not provide effective treatment for DM and its complications.In the past,the first generation and the second generation of weight loss surgery,such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastric surgery,had strict body mass index requirements.Moreover,post-surgery,patients are prone to fluctuating hypoglycemia,gastroesophageal reflux,and dumping syndrome.Hence,the curative effect of this type of surgery was compromised to a certain extent.Jejunoileostomy is a third-generation surgery for patients with DM,which has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism,without changing the original gastrointestinal tract structure.Different from previous weight loss surgeries,jejunoileostomy has been clinically observed to delay the development of DM-related complications.Additionally,the postoperative complications are mild and do not affect the patient’s quality of life.Based on our clinical observations from multi-center large samples,our team developed a consensus on the operative period and perioperative management of jejunoileostomy as a reference for clinical researchers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12174051 and 12304069)。
文摘Valleytronics is an emergent discipline in condensed matter physics and offers a new way to encode and manipulate information based on the valley degree of freedom in materials. Among the various materials being studied, Kekulé distorted graphene has emerged as a promising material for valleytronics applications. Graphene can be artificially distorted to form the Kekulé structures rendering the valley-related interaction. In this work, we review the recent progress of research on Kekulé structures of graphene and focus on the modified electronic bands due to different Kekulé distortions as well as their effects on the transport properties of electrons. We systematically discuss how the valley-related interaction in the Kekulé structures was used to control and affect the valley transport including the valley generation, manipulation, and detection. This article summarizes the current challenges and prospects for further research on Kekulé distorted graphene and its potential applications in valleytronics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,No.81974124and Taishan Scholar Project,No.tsqn20161071.
文摘BACKGROUND Adaptor protein,phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1(APPL1)plays a crucial role in regulating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.Mutations in the APPL1 gene have been associated with the development of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 14(MODY14).Currently,only two mutations[c.1655T>A(p.Leu552*)and c.281G>A p.(Asp94Asn)]have been identified in association with this disease.Given the limited understanding of MODY14,it is imperative to identify additional cases and carry out comprehensive research on MODY14 and APPL1 mutations.AIM To assess the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetic patients and to characterize the functional role of the APPL1 domain.METHODS Patients exhibiting clinical signs and a medical history suggestive of MODY were screened for the study.Whole exome sequencing was performed on the patients as well as their family members.The pathogenicity of the identified APPL1 variants was predicted on the basis of bioinformatics analysis.In addition,the pathogenicity of the novel APPL1 variant was preliminarily evaluated through in vitro functional experiments.Finally,the impact of these variants on APPL1 protein expression and the insulin pathway were assessed,and the potential mechanism underlying the interaction between the APPL1 protein and the insulin receptor was further explored.RESULTS A total of five novel mutations were identified,including four missense mutations(Asp632Tyr,Arg633His,Arg532Gln,and Ile642Met)and one intronic mutation(1153-16A>T).Pathogenicity prediction analysis revealed that the Arg532Gln was pathogenic across all predictions.The Asp632Tyr and Arg633His variants also had pathogenicity based on MutationTaster.In addition,multiple alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the Arg532Gln,Asp632Tyr,and Arg633His variants were conserved across different species.Moreover,in in vitro functional experiments,both the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were found to downregulate the expression of APPL1 on both protein and mRNA levels,indicating their pathogenic nature.Therefore,based on the patient’s clinical and family history,combined with the results from bioinformatics analysis and functional experiment,the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were classified as pathogenic mutations.Importantly,all these mutations were located within the phosphotyrosinebinding domain of APPL1,which plays a critical role in the insulin sensitization effect.CONCLUSION This study provided new insights into the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetes and revealed a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
