金山以西交通与耶律大石西征路线新证

On the basis of the data in Of the Northward Diplomatic Mission ,a book which records WUGUSUN Zhongduans diplomatic mission,and assisted by a survey of communications west of"Mt Jin",it can now be verified that Khitai army once began its march from" Emil "(now Emin county)and came to be blocked in front of" Mt Yin "(now Mt Boluokenu),and because of this,it turned pouring back into" the State of Uigur "(now the area of Jimusaer county and Tulufan city,Xinjiang),and afterwards proceeded once more along" Kucha "and" Kashgar "(now Kuche county and Kashi city respectively),and then got to Balasagun (now Tuokemake to the east of Bishikaike city).

耶律大石西征与河中“回回国王”之归降

《辽史》卷30《天祚皇帝本纪》记载了耶律大石对河中地区的征服,但由于元代史官剪裁拼凑,内容模糊不清,需借助内容相对丰富的穆斯林史料方可弄清耶律大石之西征过程。耶律大石于1131年率军入西域,征服高昌回鹘应在1137年春前后。1141年9月,耶律大石通过卡特万战役击败塞尔柱帝国,从此成为河中地区的实际控制者。耶律大石在征服河中后,"回回国王来降,贡方物"。这里的"回回国王"一般指为花剌子模沙阿即思,其实不然,实应为西喀喇汗王朝统治者易卜拉欣,在归附耶律大石后,被立为傀儡。

试论耶律大石西迁的历史意义

契丹贵族耶律大石在大辽帝国覆亡之时,率部西走,在亚洲内陆转战十余年,行程上万里,大败塞尔柱帝国,降高昌回鹘王国、东西两喀喇汗国、花拉子模国及乃蛮、康里、葛逻禄等部为附庸,最终建成西辽帝国。耶律大石在西辽的统治,本着兼收并蓄的思想,使契丹文化、汉文化在中亚地区得到了弘扬,促进了欧亚文化的交流;维护了中亚地区近百年的稳定,推动了中亚地区社会经济的向前发展。