针对传统目测法检测贴片二极管表面缺陷效率低下和基于手工特征的目标检测算法模型较浅,以及语义性不高等问题,提出了改进YOLO-V4的贴片二极管表面缺陷检测方法。首先考虑到随着网络加深使梯度消失,以及减少网络中的特征冗余和参数量的...针对传统目测法检测贴片二极管表面缺陷效率低下和基于手工特征的目标检测算法模型较浅,以及语义性不高等问题,提出了改进YOLO-V4的贴片二极管表面缺陷检测方法。首先考虑到随着网络加深使梯度消失,以及减少网络中的特征冗余和参数量的情况,CSP1模块采用DenseNet替换原网络中的ResNet;其次,为了实现特征信息的跨维度交互,让网络更加关注重要信息,在CSP1模块后引入了三分支注意力机制模块,同时使用FPN+PANet对特征进行融合;并且用CSP2替换CBL×5模块,降低了网络的运算量,提高了算法检测速度;最后优化了Focal Loss函数,对正负样本添加权重,以解决正负样本不平衡的问题。本文算法相较于YOLO-V4的检测精度(precision,P)、召回率(recall,R)和多分类平均精度(mean average precision,mAP),分别高出2.98%,2.65%,2.92%,表明改进YOLO-V4可以有效检测贴片二极管表面缺陷问题。展开更多
Soft sensor is attractive in dealing with online product quality measurement by virtue of other easily measured variables. In AMOCO PTA (purified terephthalic acid) production process, the unavailability of real-time ...Soft sensor is attractive in dealing with online product quality measurement by virtue of other easily measured variables. In AMOCO PTA (purified terephthalic acid) production process, the unavailability of real-time measurement of 4-CBA makes it impossible for timely adjustment and thereby influences the product quality and the plant economy benefit. In this paper, a kind of FCMAC (fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller) method is presented to solve the online measurement problem. Different from the conventional CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) networks, which has inferior smoothing ability because of its table look-up based technology. Integrating fuzzy model into CMAC networks, it becomes more accurate in functional mapping without weakening its generalization ability. Numerical example and industrial application results show the method proposed here is satisfactory and feasible.展开更多
As an important part of railway lines, the healthy service status of track fasteners was very important to ensure the safety of trains. The application of deep learning algorithms was becoming an important method to r...As an important part of railway lines, the healthy service status of track fasteners was very important to ensure the safety of trains. The application of deep learning algorithms was becoming an important method to realize its state detection. However, there was often a deficiency that the detection accuracy and calculation speed of model were difficult to balance, when the traditional deep learning model is used to detect the service state of track fasteners. Targeting this issue, an improved Yolov4 model for detecting the service status of track fasteners was proposed. Firstly, the Mixup data augmentation technology was introduced into Yolov4 model to enhance the generalization ability of model. Secondly, the MobileNet-V2 lightweight network was employed in lieu of the CSPDarknet53 network as the backbone, thereby reducing the number of algorithm parameters and improving the model’s computational efficiency. Finally, the SE attention mechanism was incorporated to boost the importance of rail fastener identification by emphasizing relevant image features, ensuring that the network’s focus was primarily on the fasteners being inspected. The algorithm achieved both high precision and high speed operation of the rail fastener service state detection, while realizing the lightweight of model. The experimental results revealed that, the MAP value of the rail fastener service state detection algorithm based on the improved Yolov4 model reaches 83.2%, which is 2.83% higher than that of the traditional Yolov4 model, and the calculation speed was improved by 67.39%. Compared with the traditional Yolov4 model, the proposed method achieved the collaborative optimization of detection accuracy and calculation speed.展开更多
Mobile cellular data networks have allowed users to access the Internet whilst on the move. Many companies use this technology in their products. Examples of this would be Smart Meters in the home and Tesla cars havin...Mobile cellular data networks have allowed users to access the Internet whilst on the move. Many companies use this technology in their products. Examples of this would be Smart Meters in the home and Tesla cars having their “over the air updates”. Both of these two companies use the 4G and 5G technology. So this report will include a technical overview of the technology and protocols (LTE Advanced) used in 4G and 5G networks and how they provide services to the user and how data is transferred within the networks. And there are lots of different parts about the network architecture between the 4G and 5G systems. This report will talk about some different parts between these two systems and some challenges in them.展开更多
The first tier of automotive manufacturers has faced to pressures about move, modify, updating tasks for manufacturing resources in production processes from demand response of production order sequence for motor comp...The first tier of automotive manufacturers has faced to pressures about move, modify, updating tasks for manufacturing resources in production processes from demand response of production order sequence for motor company and process innovation purpose for productivity. For meets this requirements, it has to require absolutely lead time to re-wiring of physical interface for production equipment, needs for change existing program and test over again. For prepare this constraints, it needs studying an auto-configuration functions that build for both visibility and flexibility based on the 4M (Man, Machine, Material, Method) group management which is supports from WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) of the open embedded device called M2M (Machine to Machine) and major functions of middleware including point manager for real-time device communication, real-time data management, Standard API (Application Program Interface) and application template management. To be application system to RMS (Reconfigurable Manufacturing System) for rapidly response from various orders and model from motor company that is beginning to establishing the mapping of manufacturing resources of 4M using WSN.展开更多
全球领先的设备软件优化（DSO）厂商风河系统公司与全球领先的网络、安全和嵌入式处理器解决方案供应商Cavium Networks公司日前共同宣布，Wind River Platform for Network Equipment、Linux Edition和Wind River VxWorks6、1已全面支...全球领先的设备软件优化（DSO）厂商风河系统公司与全球领先的网络、安全和嵌入式处理器解决方案供应商Cavium Networks公司日前共同宣布，Wind River Platform for Network Equipment、Linux Edition和Wind River VxWorks6、1已全面支持Cavium Networks的OCTEON多内核MllPS64处理器产品系列。展开更多
A new three-dimensional supramolecular [Ce2（2,5-pydc）3（H2O）2]（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized at 180 ℃ and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.X-ray crystal analyses reveal that the compoun...A new three-dimensional supramolecular [Ce2（2,5-pydc）3（H2O）2]（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized at 180 ℃ and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.X-ray crystal analyses reveal that the compound belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c,C21H13Ce2N3O14,a = 6.561（1）,b = 17.986（5）,c = 9.411（3） ,β = 95.558（5）° and Z = 2.In the structure of 1,each Ce（1） center is surrounded by 2,5-pydc ligands,forming the 6-connected node,and the 2,5-pydc ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） in two different coordination modes.In mode 1,the four oxygen atoms of two carboxyl groups connect neighboring Ce（Ⅲ） ions,giving 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-1）.Furthermore,the structure is extended into a 2-D layer from SBU-1 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.In mode 2,the ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） ion from the adjacent chain with the 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-2）,generating a 1-D ladder from SBU-2 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.Finally,the structure is extended into a 6,4,4-c network.Its photoluminescence property was also investigated.展开更多
In the study of complex networks almost all theoretical models have the property of infinite growth, but the size of actual networks is finite. According to statistics from the China Internet IPv4 （Internet Protocol ...In the study of complex networks almost all theoretical models have the property of infinite growth, but the size of actual networks is finite. According to statistics from the China Internet IPv4 （Internet Protocol version 4） addresses, this paper proposes a forecasting model by using S curve （logistic curve）. The growing trend of IPv4 addresses in China is forecasted. There are some reference values for optimizing the distribution of IPv4 address resource and the development of IPv6. Based on the laws of IPv4 growth, that is, the bulk growth and the finitely growing limit, it proposes a finite network model with a bulk growth. The model is said to be an S-curve network. Analysis demonstrates that the analytic method based on uniform distributions （i.e., Barabasi-Albert method） is not suitable for the network. It develops an approximate method to predict the growth dynamics of the individual nodes, and uses this to calculate analytically the degree distribution and the scaling exponents. The analytical result agrees with the simulation well, obeying an approximately power-law form. This method can overcome a shortcoming of Barabasi-Albert method commonly used in current network research.展开更多
文摘针对传统目测法检测贴片二极管表面缺陷效率低下和基于手工特征的目标检测算法模型较浅,以及语义性不高等问题,提出了改进YOLO-V4的贴片二极管表面缺陷检测方法。首先考虑到随着网络加深使梯度消失,以及减少网络中的特征冗余和参数量的情况,CSP1模块采用DenseNet替换原网络中的ResNet;其次,为了实现特征信息的跨维度交互,让网络更加关注重要信息,在CSP1模块后引入了三分支注意力机制模块,同时使用FPN+PANet对特征进行融合;并且用CSP2替换CBL×5模块,降低了网络的运算量,提高了算法检测速度;最后优化了Focal Loss函数,对正负样本添加权重,以解决正负样本不平衡的问题。本文算法相较于YOLO-V4的检测精度(precision,P)、召回率(recall,R)和多分类平均精度(mean average precision,mAP),分别高出2.98%,2.65%,2.92%,表明改进YOLO-V4可以有效检测贴片二极管表面缺陷问题。
基金Supported by the special Funds for Major State Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2002CB312200) the 863 Hi-Tech. Research and Development Program of China (No. 2001AA413130, No.2002AA412110)the Key Technologies R&D Programme of China (No. 2001BA201A04).
文摘Soft sensor is attractive in dealing with online product quality measurement by virtue of other easily measured variables. In AMOCO PTA (purified terephthalic acid) production process, the unavailability of real-time measurement of 4-CBA makes it impossible for timely adjustment and thereby influences the product quality and the plant economy benefit. In this paper, a kind of FCMAC (fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller) method is presented to solve the online measurement problem. Different from the conventional CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) networks, which has inferior smoothing ability because of its table look-up based technology. Integrating fuzzy model into CMAC networks, it becomes more accurate in functional mapping without weakening its generalization ability. Numerical example and industrial application results show the method proposed here is satisfactory and feasible.
文摘As an important part of railway lines, the healthy service status of track fasteners was very important to ensure the safety of trains. The application of deep learning algorithms was becoming an important method to realize its state detection. However, there was often a deficiency that the detection accuracy and calculation speed of model were difficult to balance, when the traditional deep learning model is used to detect the service state of track fasteners. Targeting this issue, an improved Yolov4 model for detecting the service status of track fasteners was proposed. Firstly, the Mixup data augmentation technology was introduced into Yolov4 model to enhance the generalization ability of model. Secondly, the MobileNet-V2 lightweight network was employed in lieu of the CSPDarknet53 network as the backbone, thereby reducing the number of algorithm parameters and improving the model’s computational efficiency. Finally, the SE attention mechanism was incorporated to boost the importance of rail fastener identification by emphasizing relevant image features, ensuring that the network’s focus was primarily on the fasteners being inspected. The algorithm achieved both high precision and high speed operation of the rail fastener service state detection, while realizing the lightweight of model. The experimental results revealed that, the MAP value of the rail fastener service state detection algorithm based on the improved Yolov4 model reaches 83.2%, which is 2.83% higher than that of the traditional Yolov4 model, and the calculation speed was improved by 67.39%. Compared with the traditional Yolov4 model, the proposed method achieved the collaborative optimization of detection accuracy and calculation speed.
文摘Mobile cellular data networks have allowed users to access the Internet whilst on the move. Many companies use this technology in their products. Examples of this would be Smart Meters in the home and Tesla cars having their “over the air updates”. Both of these two companies use the 4G and 5G technology. So this report will include a technical overview of the technology and protocols (LTE Advanced) used in 4G and 5G networks and how they provide services to the user and how data is transferred within the networks. And there are lots of different parts about the network architecture between the 4G and 5G systems. This report will talk about some different parts between these two systems and some challenges in them.
文摘The first tier of automotive manufacturers has faced to pressures about move, modify, updating tasks for manufacturing resources in production processes from demand response of production order sequence for motor company and process innovation purpose for productivity. For meets this requirements, it has to require absolutely lead time to re-wiring of physical interface for production equipment, needs for change existing program and test over again. For prepare this constraints, it needs studying an auto-configuration functions that build for both visibility and flexibility based on the 4M (Man, Machine, Material, Method) group management which is supports from WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) of the open embedded device called M2M (Machine to Machine) and major functions of middleware including point manager for real-time device communication, real-time data management, Standard API (Application Program Interface) and application template management. To be application system to RMS (Reconfigurable Manufacturing System) for rapidly response from various orders and model from motor company that is beginning to establishing the mapping of manufacturing resources of 4M using WSN.
文摘全球领先的设备软件优化（DSO）厂商风河系统公司与全球领先的网络、安全和嵌入式处理器解决方案供应商Cavium Networks公司日前共同宣布，Wind River Platform for Network Equipment、Linux Edition和Wind River VxWorks6、1已全面支持Cavium Networks的OCTEON多内核MllPS64处理器产品系列。
文摘A new three-dimensional supramolecular [Ce2（2,5-pydc）3（H2O）2]（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized at 180 ℃ and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.X-ray crystal analyses reveal that the compound belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c,C21H13Ce2N3O14,a = 6.561（1）,b = 17.986（5）,c = 9.411（3） ,β = 95.558（5）° and Z = 2.In the structure of 1,each Ce（1） center is surrounded by 2,5-pydc ligands,forming the 6-connected node,and the 2,5-pydc ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） in two different coordination modes.In mode 1,the four oxygen atoms of two carboxyl groups connect neighboring Ce（Ⅲ） ions,giving 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-1）.Furthermore,the structure is extended into a 2-D layer from SBU-1 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.In mode 2,the ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） ion from the adjacent chain with the 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-2）,generating a 1-D ladder from SBU-2 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.Finally,the structure is extended into a 6,4,4-c network.Its photoluminescence property was also investigated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70871082)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. S30504)
文摘In the study of complex networks almost all theoretical models have the property of infinite growth, but the size of actual networks is finite. According to statistics from the China Internet IPv4 （Internet Protocol version 4） addresses, this paper proposes a forecasting model by using S curve （logistic curve）. The growing trend of IPv4 addresses in China is forecasted. There are some reference values for optimizing the distribution of IPv4 address resource and the development of IPv6. Based on the laws of IPv4 growth, that is, the bulk growth and the finitely growing limit, it proposes a finite network model with a bulk growth. The model is said to be an S-curve network. Analysis demonstrates that the analytic method based on uniform distributions （i.e., Barabasi-Albert method） is not suitable for the network. It develops an approximate method to predict the growth dynamics of the individual nodes, and uses this to calculate analytically the degree distribution and the scaling exponents. The analytical result agrees with the simulation well, obeying an approximately power-law form. This method can overcome a shortcoming of Barabasi-Albert method commonly used in current network research.
