Burden landscape of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers in Chinese young adults:30 years’overview and forecasted trends

BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary and pancreatic(HBP)cancers impose a considerable burden on young populations(aged 15 to 49 years),resulting in a substantial number of new cases and fatalities each year.In young populations,the HBP cancers shows extensive variance worldwide and the updated data in China is lacking.AIM To investigate the current status,trends,projections,and underlying risk factors of HBP cancers among young populations in China.METHODS The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 provided data on the annual incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),mortality rate(ASMR),and DALYs rate(ASDR)of HBP cancers in young Chinese adults between 1990 and 2019.Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change and hierarchical clustering.Sex-specific mortality and DALYs caused by various risks were analyzed across China and other regions,with future trends until 2035 projected using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.RESULTS From 1990 to 2019,incident cases,deaths,DALYs,ASIR,ASMR,and ASDR for liver cancer(LC)in young Chinese individuals decreased,classified into'significant decrease'group.Conversely,cases of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer rose,categorized as either'significant increase'or'minor increase'groups.The contribution of risk factors to mortality and DALYs for HBP tumors increased to varying degrees.Healthy lifestyle behaviors,such as tobacco control,weight management,alcohol moderation,and drug avoidance,could lower HBP cancers incidence.Moreover,except for LC in females,which is likely to initially decline slightly and then rise,the forecasting model predicted that the ASIR and ASMR for all HPB cancers subtypes by gender will increase among young adults.CONCLUSION HBP cancers burden among young adults in China is expected to increase until 2035,necessitating lifestyle interventions and targeted treatment strategies to mitigate the public health impact of these cancers.

The Impact of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer-AJA-on Family Functioning.Study of Family Relationships in Terms of Adaptability and Cohesion

Objectives:The arrival of cancer in adolescents and young adults(aged 15 to 24 years)-Adolescents and young adults(AJA)-corresponds to a fragile period during which the adulthood of the young person and the evolution of family ties mobilize the family as a whole.Therefore,cancer,beyond its individual traumatic dimension,affects the whole family,which can modify family ties and family functioning.Our objective is to evaluate family functioning from the complex model evaluating cohesion and adaptability when an adolescent or young adult has cancer.Methods:Adolescents and young adults with cancer(n=41),mothers(n=41),and fathers(n=13)participated in this study.They completed the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales(FACES Ⅲ)questionnaire.Family functioning when an aya is ill has been compared to that of families without any disease.Results:a comparison of the mean scores of perceived cohesion and adaptability of face Ⅲ indicates no significant difference for cohesion.In contrast,the averages of the adaptability scores of our sample with those of the general population indicate that families with cancer hais generally feel more“adaptable”than the non-clinical population.These results are statistically significant for AJA,but also for mothers and fathers.Regarding the mean scores of ideal cohesion and ideal adaptability,there are no significant differences between fathers in our sample and fathers in the general population.In contrast,mothers in our sample had less ideal adaptability than those in the general population.In aya patients with cancer,the scores of both adaptability and cohesion were significantly different from those of non-diseased adolescents.Conclusion:Cancer leads to many changes in family relationships,making it difficult to empower the young patient and latent the evolution of the relationship.

Multimodal abnormalities of brain structures in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder:An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.

Validity and Reliability of a Mental Health Recovery Checklist for Young Adults

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal consistency and construct validity of a self-report checklist measuring clinical mental health recovery across six key domains:family and relationships,occupation and school,physical health,mental health,spirituality,and social support systems.The Mental Health Recovery Checklist(MHRC)was developed at The Dorm,an intensive outpatient mental health treatment program for young adults in New York,NY,and Washington DC that services individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 years old.The present study is cross-sectional,as data were pulled from clients’records who were discharged between January 2018 and May 2023.Pearson Correlations and Cronbach’s alpha were used to determine scale reliability.To establish validity,an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)was conducted to assess a single-factor model using Principal Axis Factoring.Cronbach’s alpha was high(α=0.88),indicating good reliability.In the EFA,all items loaded strongly on a single factor.The unidimensional structure revealed in the EFA highlights the interconnected nature of various life domains as they pertain to mental health recovery in young adults.Future research is warranted to explore whether there are additional dimensions of mental health recovery that have not been assessed in the present scale.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis in a young adult:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric vein thrombosis(MVT)accounts for only 2%–10%of all cases of acute mesenteric ischaemia,with an incidence rate of~0.1%in Europe and the United States.It represents<10%of mesenteric infarction cases and is seen predominantly in older adults.In younger individuals,MVT is uncommon,with 36%of cases having unidentified mechanisms and causes.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department on February 29,2024,with a chief complaint of intermittent abdominal pain for 3 day.He was previously in good health.As the abdominal pain was not alleviated by conventional treatment,an abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan was performed,which showed increased density in the portal and mesenteric veins.Further imaging,including portal vein ultrasound,mesenteric CT angiography,and enhanced abdominal CT,revealed widespread thrombosis of the portal vein system(including the main portal vein,left and right branches,proximal mesenteric vein,and splenic vein).After 10 day of thrombectomy and anticoagulation therapy,the patient’s abdominal pain had improved significantly.Follow-up assessments indicated that portal venous blood flow had largely returned to normal.He was discharged on March 9,2024.During a follow-up exam 2 months later,repeat abdominal enhanced CT showed that the previously detected thrombi were no longer visible.CONCLUSION Clinicians should remain vigilant for acute MVT in young patients presenting with abdominal pain,to prevent misdiagnosis of this fatal condition.

Stress Relief Measurements in Young Adults and Adolescents—A Comparative Pilot Study with Different Relaxation Programs

Background: Chronic stress is a emotional challenge. Constant pressure presents a serious risk of damage to mental and physical health and hence is associated with increased incidence of various diseases. The ability to cope with chronic stress may be a function of psychological resilience including intellectual capacities, but more so of external factors such as life experience and education. Adolescents are more vulnerable to chronic stress than adults. The measures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic brought up major societal problems. As both children and adolescents lost their life anchors, the prevalence of stress in adolescents increased from 20% to 45%. Chronic psychological stress can impede the normal development of schoolchildren. It may cause anxiety, social withdrawal, interpersonal conflicts and aggression. This applies particularly to those in puberty, with the adolescent already facing unstable social bonds and elevated fear about the future. It is likely that the puberty cohort accounts for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of stress. Since it impacts public health, chronic stress among school-age children is increasingly taking on a socio-political dimension. Non-clinical stress intervention studies can investigate how to achieve stress reduction in school children. Methods: In a small pilot study, we analysed the effects of a training program with four different standard interventions, i.e. mindfulness training, progressive muscle reflection, autogenic training, and sound meditation. We obtained baseline scores of 10 stress-indicators, and re-tested after the interventions were performed. Results: The four applied interventions resulted in a reduction of 8 (out of 10) stress-indicators, such as “feeling stressed” or stress related symptoms (headaches, dizziness, sweating). This positive impact of the interventions significantly reduced “Fears about the future” (p Discussion: School children recognise the positive potential of stress reducing training or interventions. Our results provide evidence in support of integrating the training of relaxation techniques in the school curriculum. We propose that a larger study be undertaken to determine which methods would be most effective.

Determinants of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Young Adults Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Shandong Province, China

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-management in young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the relationship between general conditions (personal, social, and environment, clinical factors) and their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetes self-management, This aims to provide patients with high-quality nursing care management and services, as well as to provide relevant recommendations for effective self-management. Methods: This study is a descriptive correlational study that used the purposive sampling method to investigate 359 patients with T2DM aged 18-25 years in four designated tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. Results: Knowledge of self-management was correlated with sex, age, education level, occupation and work situation, monthly household income, medical payment method, family and friend support, frequency of diabetes health education, and diabetes complications. The attitude subscale was correlated with sex, age, education level, work situation, and family and friend support. The practice subscale was associated with age, education level, work situation, family and friend support, frequency of diabetes health education, and HbA1c values. Conclusion: Young adults aged 18-25 with T2DM have positive attitudes towards diabetes self-management, but there are still deficiencies in knowledge acquisition and behavioral practice. The KAP of self-management of diabetes is influenced by personal factors such as sex, age, and education level, and socio-environmental factors such as family income and family or friends’ social support. Additionally, clinical factors such as complications and HbA1c values significantly impacted the patient’s disease self-management ability.

Effects of urethane on the response properties of visual cortical neurons in young adult and old cats

Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.

Awareness and perceived barriers in practicing healthy living to prevent hypertension among young adults in Malaysia

Objective:To investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice levels and perceived barriers towards healthy living to prevent hypertension among young adults in Malaysia.Methods:Adults aged 18-25 years reside in Malaysia were recruited via convenience sampling.Sociodemographic characteristics,medical knowledge on hypertension(K1),knowledge(K),attitude(A),practice(P)and perceived barriers in practising healthy living to prevent hypertension were assessed.Average scores were categorised into good(80%-100%),upper-moderate(70%-79%),lower-moderate(60%-69%)and poor(<60%).Multivariate analysis was performed to test the difference and relationship of variables.Pearson correlation test was used to test the association of two continuous variables.Results:A total of 1218 respondents participated in this survey.The mean score of K1 was 54.1%,while the knowledge,attitude,and practice towards healthy living were 82.7%,78.2%and 68.5%respectively.The prevalence of high salt intake,high fat intakes,low fibre intake,sedentary lifestyle and lack of annual health screening was 83.2%,81.4%,70.3%,and 73.2%,respectively.Abnormal BMI was associated with low P scores,while lower socio-economic status,unawareness of self-blood pressure reading and those without family history of hypertension were associated with lower scores in K1,K,A,and P.K1,K,A and P are significantly inter-related.The main perceived barriers included self-proclaimed good fit status,frequent consumption of out-of-home food,and addiction to high salt/fat food.Conclusions:The national strategies for health management should be prioritized in reducing salt and fat,promoting annual health screening,physical activities and fibre intake in this age group.

Digestive cancer incidence and mortality among young adults worldwide in 2020:A population-based study

BACKGROUND Digestive cancer has traditionally been thought of as a disease that mainly occurs in elderly individuals,and it has been ignored in young adults by both patients and physicians.AIM To describe the worldwide profile of digestive cancer incidence,mortality and corresponding trends among 20–39-year-olds,with major patterns highlighted by age,sex,development level,and geographical region.METHODS I performed a population-based study to quantify the burden of young adult digestive cancers worldwide.Global,regional,sex,and country-specific data estimates of the number of new cancer cases and cancer-associated deaths that occurred in 2020 were extracted from the GLOBOCAN Cancer Today database.To assess long-term trends in young adult digestive cancer,cancer incidence data and mortality data were obtained from the Cancer in Five Continents Plus database and the World Health Organization mortality database,respectively.The associations between the human development index(HDI)and digestive cancer burden in young adults were evaluated by linear regression analyses.RESULTS In 2020,there were an estimated 19292789 new cancer cases,resulting in 9958133 deaths worldwide,which equated to an age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of 5.16 and age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)of 3.04,accounting for 12.24%of all new cancer cases and 25.26%of all cancer deaths occurring in young adults.The burden was disproportionally greater among males,with male:female ratios of 1.34 for incidence and 1.58 for mortality.The ASIRs were 2.1,1.4,and 1.0 per 100000 people per year,whereas the ASMRs were 0.83,1.1,and 0.62 per 100000 people per year for colorectal,liver,and gastric cancer,respectively.When assessed by geographical region and HDI levels,the cancer profile varied substantially,and a strong positive correlation between the mortality-to-incidence ratio of digestive cancer and HDI ranking was found(R^(2)=0.7388,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The most common digestive cancer types are colorectal,liver and gastric cancer.The global digestive cancer burden among young adults is greater among males and exhibits a positive association with socioeconomic status.The digestive cancer burden is heavy in young adults,reinforcing the need for primary and secondary prevention strategies.

Comparison of survival between adolescent and young adult vs older patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Due to the special clinical features and biologic characteristics of adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancers,AYA cancers are different from cancers in children and elderly individuals.However,there are few reports on AYA hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To investigate the overall survival(OS)of AYA(15-39 years)and elderly(40-74 years)patients with HCC.METHODS The data of all the HCC cases were extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database from 2004 to 2015 and were then divided into two groups based on age:AYA group(15-39 years)and older group(40-74 years).Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare the OS of the two groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was employed to analyze the OS difference between the two groups.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform multivariate analysis to explore the risk factors for OS of HCC patients.RESULTS Compared to elderly cancer patients,AYA patients with HCC had a worse Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results stage,including the distant stage(22.1%vs 15.4%,P<0.001),and a more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage,including AJCC III and IV(49.2%vs 38.3%,P<0.001),and were more likely to receive surgery(64.5%vs 47.5%,P<0.001).Before PSM,the AYA group had a longer survival in months(median:20.00,interquartile range[IQR]:5.00-62.50)than the older group(median:15.00,IQR:4.00-40.00)(P<0.001).After PSM,the AYA group still had a longer survival in months(median:21.00,IQR:5.00-64.50)than the older group(median:18.00,IQR:6.00-53.00)(P<0.001).The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that advanced age(hazard ratio[HR]=1.405,95%CI:1.218-1.621,P<0.001)was a risk factor for OS of HCC patients.In the subgroup analysis,the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that in AJCC I/II HCC patients,advanced age(HR=1.749,95%CI:1.352-2.263,P<0.001)was a risk factor for OS,while it was not a risk factor in AJCC III/IV HCC patients(HR=1.186,95%CI:0.997-1.410,P=0.054)before PSM.After PSM,advanced age(HR=1.891,95%CI:1.356-2.637,P<0.001)was still a risk factor for OS in AJCC I/II HCC patients,but was not a risk factor for OS in AJCC III/IV HCC patients(HR=1.192,95%CI:0.934-1.521,P=0.157)after PSM.CONCLUSION AYA patients with HCC have different clinical characteristics from older adults.In different AJCC stages,the two groups of patients have different OS:In AJCC I/II HCC patients,advanced age is a risk factor for OS,but it is not a risk factor for OS in the AJCC III/IV HCC patient group.

A rare presentation of cystic nephroma in a young adult

Cystic nephroma is a rare benign renal lesion with non-specific presenting symptoms.This tumour has a bimodal age distribution presenting in children between 3 months and 2 years and in adults over 30 years of age.There is male preponderance with a 2:1 male to female ratio in the childhood whereas it is commoner in females in adults.It is uncommon in the age-group of 5 yearse30 years.We describe a case of cystic nephroma in a 25-year-old female which was managed by partial nephrectomy.

Physical exercise,Sedentary Behaviour,Sleep and Depression Symptoms in Chinese Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic:A Compositional Isotemporal Analysis

Numerous studies links movement activity(e.g.,physical activity,sedentary behavior[SB],and sleep)with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently,rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition.This cross-sec-tional study aimed to use compositional isotemporal analysis to estimate the association between reallocation of time-use behaviors and depression symptoms in young adults in China.Participants(n=1475;68.0%of female;20.7[1.60]years)reported their time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA),light physical activ-ity(LPA),SB,and sleep.Replacing SB with sleep,LPA,and MVPA at 5,10,or 15 min was significantly associated with lower estimated depression symptoms scores.For example,adding MVPA from SB at 15 min was associated with lower depression symptoms scores(estimated difference:-0.13[-0.17,-0.09]).The associations between reallocation of time use behaviors with depression symptoms scores were slightly differentiated.Our results emphasize the importance of increased MVPA and decreased SB as well as their mutual replacements for lowering the risks of depression symptoms in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Our results can inform policy to develop effective plans and strategies for mental health promotion.

Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude and Intention among Female Young Adults in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: The decision to breastfeed is largely dependent on mothers’ breastfeeding knowledge and attitude which are usually formed in their adolescence and early adulthood. It is important to focus research on female young adult who are at the verge of stepping into motherhood. Methods: The breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention of 457 female young adults in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed through validated breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention scales. Results: Majority (87.5%) of the respondents had never given birth and 74.6% had previously participated in breastfeeding discussions. About half (52.1%) knew breastfeeding should be initiated within one hour of birth while 49.9% reported that pre-lacteal feed should not be given to newborn babies. Correct definition of exclusive breastfeeding was given by two-third of the respondents and three-quarter specified that breastfeeding was beneficial to both mother and child. Overall 43.1% of the respondents had good breastfeeding knowledge. About 80% of the respondents agreed that breastfeeding should be initiated within one hour after delivery, 37.8% were of the opinion that breast milk only was not sufficient for infants in the first 6 months of life while about half of the respondents agreed that water should be introduced to babies before 6 months. In all, 53.8% had positive attitude towards breastfeeding. Only a third of the respondents had good breastfeeding intention although 90.6% claimed that they intended to breastfeed. Only 35.9% indicated to have known all it took to breastfeed and 54% intended to introduce breastmilk within 1 hour of birth while 60% had the intention of breastfeeding exclusively. There was significant association between breastfeeding knowledge and attitude as well as breastfeeding knowledge and intention. Conclusion: Female young adult demonstrated relatively fair breastfeeding knowledge and attitude but poor intention to breastfeed. Intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention of this population is recommended.

Inhibited and impulsive subgroups of socially anxious young adults: Their depressive symptoms and life satisfaction

Purpose: Socially anxious people are typically thought of as being behaviorally inhibited;however, an atypical subgroup, which is impulsive rather than inhibited, has recently been identified [1]. Theoretically, inhibition and impulsivity could be viewed as different strategies for coping with anxiety that have the same goal—escape from negative emotions—but they seem to have different implications. Previous studies have found that the socially anxious-impulsive subgroup was higher on risk-prone behavior, as for example drug use, compared with a socially anxious-inhibited subgroup [1]. In this study, we aimed to identify these subgroups in a general population, and asked whether they also experience various levels of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, as well as moderating effects of gender. Methods: Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of young adults (20 - 24 years old;N = 772) characterized by different profiles of social anxiety and impulsivity. These subgroups were compared on levels of internal adjustment, and the moderating effects of gender were also tested. Results: We identified five clusters, including an Anxious-Inhibited and an Anxious-Impulsive cluster. In the interaction between gender and cluster membership, gender showed evidence of moderation regarding both depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, with the young women in the Anxious-Inhibited and the Anxious-Impulsive clusters faring worst. Conclusions: We replicated previous findings demonstrating the existence of a socially anxious-impulsive subgroup, thus solidifying current knowledge that may be important when it comes to diagnostics and treatment. This may prove particularly important for young women regarding internalizing symptoms.

The longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood

Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.

Healthcare needs and access in a sample of Chinese young adults in Vancouver, British Columbia: A qualitative analysis

Objectives: Immigrants of Chinese ethnicity and young people (between 18 and 30 years of age) are known to access health services less frequently and may be at greater risk for experiencing unmet health needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the health beliefs, health behaviors, primary care access, and perceived unmet healthcare needs of Chinese young adults.Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with eight Chinese young adults in Vancouver, Canada. Results: A content analysis revealed that these Chinese young adults experienced unmet healthcare needs, did not have a primary care provider, and did not access preventive services. Cultural factors such as strong family ties, filial piety, and the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine influenced their health behaviors and healthcare access patterns. Conclusion: Chinese young adults share similar issues with other young adults in relation to not having a primary care provider and accessing preventive care but their health beliefs and practices make their needs for care unique from other young adults.

Young adults’perceptions of breastfeeding in public:a focus group study

Objective:To elucidate the perceptions of young Chinese adults aged 18–25 toward adopting breastfeeding in public in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong),China.Methods:A descriptive and exploratory study design was adopted.Participants were recruited by convenience sampling.Focus group data were collected from three semi-structured interviews.Responses from 18 participants were audiotaped,transcribed verbatim,coded,and analyzed using content analysis.Results:Four themes emerged that described the young adults’perceptions and barriers toward breastfeeding practices:(1)adaptability of self and others,(2)cultural deem and practice,(3)convenience and connection,and(4)education and advocacy.Interestingly,all respondents(male and female)are aware of the benefits of breastfeeding.Their negative perceptions toward breastfeeding initiation and continuation originate from factors that are essentially extraneous to the mother-infant dyads(such as the breadth and intensity of sociopolitical support,the dominant social beliefs and norms,and the inadequacy of breastfeeding education in adolescent years).Conclusions:In general,the young adult’s perception of breastfeeding is dominated by sociopolitical and cultural-related factors.In particular,sexualization of breasts as a deep-rooted belief in the Chinese context negatively affects young adults’perceptions and limits their breastfeeding practices.

Attitudes of Family Planning Workers toward Setting Up Special Counseling Stations for Unmarried Young Adults

ve To understand attitudes of family planning workers to setting up special counseling stations for unmarried young adults and to identify the acceptable and feasible ways to provide the services for unmarried young adults in eight provinces/cities in China

Effects of long COVID-19 among young adults in Turkey:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To investigate the cognitive state,psychological problems such as depression and anxiety,and pain in the musculoskeletal system among young adults with post-COVID-19(long COVID)syndrome.Methods:This descriptive study included 361 students studying at the Vocational School of Health Services of Bingöl University in Turkey.Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Information form,the Beck’s Depression Inventory,the Cognitive Appraisal Scale,and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain.Results:Compared to those without COVID-19,the mean depression score,cognitive appraisal score,and mean Visual Analogue Scale score of the young adults with COVID-19 were significantly higher.There was no significant difference in pain assessment at rest between those with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19.Conclusions:Young adults with COVID-19 are more depressed,their cognitive functions are more easily negatively affected,and experience more pain during exercise.