Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Male Infertility in Patients Consulting at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital

Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of male infertility in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients received for male infertility, over 5 years and 6 months (from January 1st, 2016 to April 30th, 2021) at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Phone calls were made to patients with incomplete records for completion following a verbal consent. Data reported on data collection forms were entered into a data entry form designed on CSPro software version 7.2. The database was later exported for descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 23. Qualitative variables were summarized in frequencies and percentages while quantitative variables were summarized in means with their standard deviations for normally distributed data, or medians and interquartile ranges otherwise. Results: Out of 110 patients whose records were analyzed, the median age was 37.0 years, with an interquartile range of 8.3, with 55.5% in the age group 30 to 39 years. Of these 95 (86.4%) were married, 58 (52.7%) were from the West region, 76 (69.1%) were employed. Past history was dominated by mumps 40 (36.4%), varicocele surgery 25 (22.7%), alcoholism 87 (79.1%) and smoking 15 (13.6%). A disorder of spermatogenesis was found in all our patients: 37 (33.6%) azoospermia, 27 (24.6%) asthenospermia and 26 (23.7%) oligospermia patients. Paraclinical evidence of chlamydia and gonococcal infections were found respectively in 38 (34.5%) and 14 (12.7%) patients, varicocele and testicular dystrophy respectively in 95 (86.4%) and 38 (34.5%) patients. Infertility was primary in 67 (60.9%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with infertility were in their thirties, had risky social habits and comorbidities. An early start of health promotion activities, comorbidities prevention and early detection of spermogram abnormalities would make it possible to reduce the frequency of male infertility.

Clandestine Abortions and Its Complications at the University Hospital Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship

Introduction: In developed countries in general and particularly in the Central African Republic, clandestine abortions constitute a real health problem. The aim of our work was to study the method of carrying out clandestine abortions, to describe the profile of the providers and the complications that result from it. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Center for Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUASC) from 2015 to 2019 on 236 cases. Results: We identified a total of 254 patients for 8039 live births in the same period, a frequency of 3.16%. The age of the patients was between 15 years old and 48 years old with an average of 25 years old. Singles accounted for 42.5%. Induced abortions were more performed among students (32.6%) and the unemployed 53.6%. Contraception was used in 11.5% of cases. The methods used were numerous: misoprostol (32%), the traditional method (18%), the mechanical method (50%). In this method, we note the dilation of the cervix by the cassava stem;Hegar’s candles;the probes, which are infusion tubes cut and introduced into the cervix, of which 2 cases had escaped at the level of the uterine muscles and emerged under the skin at the pubis part two years later. The practice of induced abortions in our series was done by medical students in 37.3% followed by unqualified staff in 49.7%. It took place either at home or in centers managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. The aseptic conditions were not perfect. Some patients (43.2%) were aware of the ensuing complications. All complications were present: hemorrhage (60.7%), pelviperitonitis (23.6%), uterine perforation (6.6%), peritonitis (2.8%) and death (2%) related to sepsis. Conclusion: Clandestine abortion remains a real health problem for young Central African women.

Management of Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage at the University Hospital Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship

Introduction: Immediate postpartum hemorrhages constitute a frequent maternal complication and remain at the forefront of maternal death in our countries. Objective: Contribute to improving the management of immediate postpartum hemorrhage in our context with a view to reducing maternal mortality. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over a period of 12 months from January 1st to December 31st 2020. Results: We collected a total of 109 files on a total of 4360 deliveries. The frequency of postpartum haemorrhages was of the order of 2.5%. The most represented age group was between 20 and 24 years old. Pauciparas represented the majority of our study population. 64.5% of patients were uneducated. These hemorrhages occurred in patients who often gave birth outside the department with 63.8%. The main causes of postpartum hemorrhage were cervical tears (51.2%) and partial placental retention (30.7%). The majority of these deliveries (48.8%) were carried out by midwives followed by assistant midwives (33.2%). Active management of the third period of delivery was systematic and immediate followed by the valve examination completed by the infusion of oxytocin in case of uterine atony, tranexamic acid ans misoprostol intrarectally. In the event of persistent hemorrhage, suture of the cervical lesions, ligation of the cervical vessels or even laparotomy either for the selective ligation of the blood vessels or for the hysterectomy for hemostasis were practiced. We do not have a Nalador, nor a Bakry balloon, nor an Interventional Radiology service for embolization of the uterine arteries. We deplore 1.3% of deaths from afibrinogenemia. Conclusion: The frequency of immediate postpartum hemorrhages is lower in our health facility. This is due to the rapid handling of cases. Improving the quality of services offered to women during childbirth can further help reduce the frequency of these hemorrhages.

Analysis of Ornidazole Injection in Clinical Use at Post-marketing Stage by Centralized Hospital Monitoring System

This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy.The study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring system.We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,2015.The basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse events.The statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic infections.The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use.Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min.The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world.Based on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection.Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.

Multidrug resistance Acinetobacter species at the intensive care unit,Aseer Central Hospital,Saudi Arabia:A one year analysis

Objective:To identify and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii) clinical isolates from ICU at Aseer Central Hospital.Methods:The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit,Aseer Central Hospital,Saudi Arabia over 13 months period(2014-2015).Acinetobacter species(n= 105) were isolated from various clinical samples.Isolates were identified using selected phenotypic criteria and confirmed using the Vitek 2 automated system.This system was used to determine the susceptibilities of 21 antimicrobial agents.Patients,isolates and drug data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software package to determine some epidemiological and microbiological patterns.Results:Of the 105 stains,A.baumannii accounted for 49(46.67%),A.baumannii complex,19(18.09%),A.baumannii/haemolyticus 32(30.47),Acinetobacter haemolyticus 4(3.81%),Acinetobater lwoffii 1(0.95%) and unidentified Acinetobater species 2(1.3%).Of the 105 Acinetobacter strains,103(98.1%) were found multidrug resistant(MDR).A.baumannii strain were 100% sensitive to colistin and 74.5% to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole.The remaining 19 antimicrobial agents revealed low or no sensitivities:amikacin 16.3%; ampicillin 7.7%; ceftazidime 7.3%.Distribution of similar sensitivities was shown by other Acinetobacter species.Mean number of isolates from males and females indicates no statistical variation(P=0.867) whereas age groups showed significant differences(P= 0.008) as it is clear from the high percentage of infected individuals more than 60 years followed by those aged 20 to 29 years old(19.05%).Upper respiratory tract(30.48%),lower respiratory tract(47.65%) and subcutaneous tissue(9.5%) were the main sources of Acinetobacter spp.but mean numbers of isolates from these specimens indicate no discrepancy between specimens(P=0.731).Conclusions:Acinetobacterspecies including A.baumannii were found MDR(98.1%) according to the current Acinetobacter spp.antimicrobial categorization.Approximately half of these strains were A.baumannii.All Acinetobacter species were 100% sensitive to colistin and to some extent to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole(74.5%).ICU-acquired pneumonia among patients over 60 years of age who spend prolong times at artificial ventilations made up the majority of the cases.

Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies in Comprehensive Hospitals in Central China: A Parallel Survey in Cancer Patients and Clinicians

Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （CPD） are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did （20.41% vs. 5.37%）. Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment （85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients）, in comparison with directly killing tumor cells （24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients）. As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous （100%） reason for clinicians＇ rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients （33.33% vs. 15.81%）. In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.

Patterns of Mortality Occurrence in a Cardiology Unit of a Low-Income Country: A Critical Analysis at the YaoundéCentral Hospital

Background: In-hospital mortality is high in low-income countries. Currently, little is known in Cameroon concerning the characteristics of patients who die in cardiology units. Our objectives were to determine the in-hospital mortality rate;describe the general characteristics of death patients, and factors associated with mortality. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing the medical records of all patients admitted to the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (CHY) between January 2018 andJanuary 2019. The files of all death patients were studied for socio-demographical, clinical and therapeutical variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted to order to check the association between independents variables and time of death. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total number of 860 patients were admitted in the cardiology unit of CHY during the study period. Amongst the 860 patients admitted 78 had a fatal outcome, hence, an in-hospital mortality rate of 9.06%. The male gender was predominant amongst the deceased patients (n = 45). The mean age at death was 69 ± 15.19 years. The median time before death was 6 days and they ranged between 1 to 25 days. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (65.4%). Stroke was the principal cause of admission (40.3%), whereas the main presenting complaint was dyspnea (26.9%). Before being admitted to the cardiology department, the majority of the deceased patients were from the emergency department. The major clinical sign of death was respiratory distress (39.74%). Shock on admission was the sole factor found to be associated with the mean time of death (p = 0.012). The patients with deep venous thrombosis compared to other diagnoses were less like to die early (r = 16, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The patient admitted in the cardiology unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital died mainly from stroke and the death is earlier when the patient has signs of shock on admission. These results emphasize the need for a good primary evaluation at the emergency room, to better manage patients with cardiovascular diseases in the cardiology ward.

Application and Exploration of BPR Theory in Hospital Financial Management under Informatization

In recent years,people's work and life have been unable to break away from the application of technology and information industry.However,the booming and huge influence of big data and information age has a greater impact on people.In this form,the traditional model of public hospitals has a huge collision with it,so it actively seeks a way out and actively develops it.In the subsequent development,it needs to abandon the financial management mode of inefficiency,energy consumption,etc.,advanced financial management model to improve the financial management of public hospitals.This paper mainly studies the application and exploration of BPR theory in hospital financial management under the informationization.Firstly,it discusses and analyzes the BPR theory in detail.Secondly,it combines the status quo of public hospitals to reconstruct the information management financial management plan.Before and after the comparison,the application is applied to the daily financial management of the hospital according to the actual situation.

人工关节集采对DRG IC29组病例住院费用的影响分析

[目的]研究集中带量采购对人工关节置换术患者住院费用的影响,为深化高值耗材持续改革提供依据。[方法]收集某三级医院集采前后DRG分组IC29组病例的DRG结算数据和医保信息系统的相关信息,进行倾向得分匹配后,采用描述性分析、非参数检验、结构变动度进行费用变化分析。[结果]集采政策实施后的各项费用中位数显示,IC29组病例次均费用下降了33445元,其中材料费下降了34835元;DRG统筹金额下降了13705元,个人自付金额下降了24550元。集采前后的结构变动度为60.52%,材料费呈负向变动,医疗服务费、检查化验费、药品费及其他费呈正向变动。结构变动贡献率前三位为材料费50.00%、医疗服务费26.04%、检查化验费16.36%。[结论]集采后IC29组病例的次均费用、材料费、医保支付和个人负担费用均明显降低,费用结构得到优化,人工关节集中带量采购成效明显。建议持续进行高值耗材集采工作,并协同推进医疗服务价格和医院薪酬制度等其他医改配套政策。

公立医院医用耗材带量集采管理问题与对策研究

目的在医用耗材带量集采扩面提质的背景下,耗材集采的“一品一策”给公立医院耗材管理工作带来挑战,本研究通过探究广东省某公立三甲医院医用耗材带量集采过程中可能发生的管理问题,设计并实施相应管理对策并衡量其执行效果。方法应用鱼骨图分析法系统分析医用耗材带量集采执行过程中的潜在问题,并于2023年5月—7月在院内采取针对性措施。选取该医院2022年12月—2023年12月冠脉支架、起搏器、管型/端端吻合器以及脊柱产品的集采时序作为研究对象,衡量其干预前后的月度执行率、合同完成量变化,判断干预成效。结果鱼骨图分析结果显示影响集采执行的主要因素有内部制度不完善、人员管理无法满足需要、供货问题、信息系统欠缺等因素。干预后集采月度执行率(t=-4.19,P<0.05)、合同完成量(t=-2.38,P<0.05)均高于干预前,差异具有统计学意义。结论对医用耗材带量集采实施干预管理能有效促进科室带量集采执行效果。在带量集采的环境下,临床以及卫生管理人员需要进一步提升自身专业性,保障耗材集采管理的效率与质量;并深化对政策的理解并落实,完善生产配送环节的监督与惩戒机制,多部门联动落实供应保障;以及提升医院与集采平台信息系统。

消毒供应中心护士岗位培训的态势分析及发展策略

消毒供应中心是医院内特殊的护理单元,消毒供应中心护士的岗位职责及其岗位培训与临床护士大相径庭。该文采用SWOT态势分析法,系统分析目前我国消毒供应中心护士岗位培训现状的内部优势、内部劣势和外部机会、外部威胁四个方面,并依据SWOT矩阵分析,给出相应的发展策略,旨在为消毒供应中心护士岗位培训提供一定参考。

医院信息系统下结构化经外周插管的中心静脉导管专科护理记录单的设计与应用

目的探讨医院信息系统(HIS)下结构化经外周插管的中心静脉导管(PICC)专科护理记录单的设计与应用,为患者提供高层次和专业化服务。方法选取2023年1月至3月九江市第一人民医院的60例门诊患者作为研究对象,根据就诊顺序将其分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30)。基于HIS设计,并采用专科护理门诊的高级护理实践模式,拟设计HIS下结构化PICC专科护理记录单,与传统门诊病历记录模式进行比较。比较两组的记录时间、数据质量、数据统计便捷性等方面。结果观察组PICC护理书写时间和检查时间等记录时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组关于完整性、易读性、可溯性得分和数据质量总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组关于局部皮肤情况、针眼情况、导管刻度、导管冲封管情况和贴膜敷料情况等PICC护理数据便捷性得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用HIS下结构化PICC专科护理记录单进行PICC护理记录,有助于提高数据质量、数据统计便捷性,缩短护理记录时间。

量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用研究

目的探讨量化积分在消毒供应中心工勤人员绩效分配中的应用效果,为消毒供应中心提供一种有效的绩效分配方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2020年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为对照组,选取2021年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为试验组。对照组采用按工勤人员工龄绩效分配模式,试验组采用量化积分绩效分配模式,即从技术层级、工作质量、工作效率、工作量方面实施量化绩效分配模式。比较改进前后两组工勤人员工作效率、工作质量缺陷发生率(包装器械缺失、器械种类错误、包装标识错误、收送物品错误、信息系统操作错误)、临床科室满意度情况。结果实施量化积分绩效分配模式后,试验组工勤人员工作效率和临床科室满意度均高于对照组,工作缺陷发生率低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用,能够提高工勤人员的工作能动性,提高工作效率和工作质量。

耗材集采政策对膝关节置换术患者住院费用的影响——基于某三甲医院真实世界数据研究

目的:评估耗材集中采购政策对膝关节置换术患者费用的影响,分析费用变化规律,为合理控制该类手术费用提供证据。方法:利用政策实施前后的真实世界数据,采用断点回归分析耗材集中采购对膝关节置换术患者住院费用的影响。结果:耗材集中采购政策实施后,膝关节置换术患者的住院费用显著下降。最优带宽约为57.48天,在2022年4月30日,患者平均住院费用降低了23311.29元。在1/2最优带宽下,费用降低了24923.05元,而在2倍最优带宽下,费用降低了21547.30元。不同带宽下的局部平均效应略有差异,但总体呈现下降趋势。结论:耗材集中采购政策有效降低了膝关节置换术患者的住院费用。建议医院管理者严格执行集采政策,完善临床路径标准化诊疗行为,进一步降低患者费用。此外,相关部门应稳步扩大集采范围和加强监管,确保政策的有效实施,从而提高患者对医疗服务的可及性和可负担性。

人工关节类耗材集中采购对某三甲医院关节置换手术的影响

目的评估人工关节类耗材集中采购对关节置换手术的影响。方法通过回顾性研究,对上海市某三甲医院集中采购前后(2021年7—12月、2022年7—12月)的医疗质量与效率、次均住院费用结构进行t检验。结果集中采购后,膝关节置换手术量有所下降;髋关节置换手术时间有所增长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两类关节置换手术的总费用、耗材费、关节假体费下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);此外,膝关节置换手术的其他耗材费增长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论集中采购后,关节置换手术费用大幅下降,医疗质量和患者效率未明显改变,医院应关注集中采购后耗材的合理性使用,并呼吁提高关节置换手术价格,体现医师服务价值。

三级甲等医院ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控护理实践现况

目的 :调查三级甲等医院ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染(Central Line-AssociatedBloodStreamInfections,CLABSI)三级质量控制中的共性问题,为进一步制订干预措施、促进护理质量持续改进提供依据。方法 :基于Donabedian三维质量结构模型,借鉴《预防血管内导管相关血流感染过程质控工具包(推荐版)》中四大指引量表,自行编制ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控护理实践调查问卷,采用便利抽样法于2023年9月—10月对中华护理学会医院感染管理专业委员会委员所在三级甲等医院ICU进行问卷调查分析。结果 :共129家医院的215个ICU完成调查,护理实践结构维度中,156个(72.56%)ICU定期进行CLABSI培训;过程维度中,护士执行率低于80%的项目有10项(31.25%),其中52个(24.19%)ICU在CVC穿刺时使用超声引导,59个(27.44%)ICU采用指南推荐的思乐扣固定导管,55个(25.58%)ICU使用葡萄糖氯己定抗菌敷料。结果维度中,193个(89.77%)ICU填写了CLABSI发生率。结论 :目前CLABSI防控聚焦导管置管和维护过程中的结构、过程及结果环节,但调研发现临床仍未形成同质化的防控措施。建议进一步加强过程质控管理,以期更好地改进护理质量。

关节假体国家集中采购对关节置换术费用的影响

目的:分析针对关节外科医疗器械的国家集中采购政策对于接受全膝关节置换术(TKA)和全髋关节置换术(THA)患者的住院费用的影响情况。 方法:收集自2021年1月至2023年9月在北京协和医院行TKA和THA的患者费用总清单,统计患者的住院总费用以及嘱托费、床位费、输血费、耗材费、药品费、护理费、手术费、检查费和治疗费等各项费用。按照入院时间是否早于2022年5月1日,将患者进行分组,比较分析行同一手术的两组之间上述各项指标的差异。 结果:集采政策实施后,接受TKA的患者住院总费用由66912.73元下降至31548.25元,接受THA的患者住院总费用由78931.39元下降至33817.89元,分别下降了52.85%和57.16%( P<0.05)。其中,TKA患者耗材费由49301.77元下降至13487.45元,手术费由5344.12元下降至4174.07元,分别下降了72.64%和21.89%( P<0.05)。THA患者的耗材费由62668.77元下降至16951.31元,手术费由5251.43元下降至3989.08元,分别下降了72.95%和24.04%( P<0.05)。而TKA患者的嘱托费、床位费、护理费、治疗费和检查费,以及THA患者的嘱托费、治疗费和检查费均在集采后小幅增加( P<0.05)。 结论:关节假体集采政策实施后,接受TKA和THA手术的患者住院总费用显著降低,总费用的下降主要由耗材费和手术费的下降所引起,而其他费用有小幅上涨。

药品集采中政府与公立医院间的博弈研究

目的:探究公立医疗机构完成集采任务的动力,分析影响集采工作效果的因素,为政府实施监管及相关决策提供参考。方法:分析14家三级公立医院前五批国家组织集采药品采购情况,基于博弈论的角度,通过构建政府与医院的博弈模型,求出其纳什均衡解。结果:在医院落实集采政策方面,存在政府监管力度不强、公立医院药品报量逐批下降、参与积极性不高等问题。结论:建议优化政府监管机制,加大日常监管力度,完善激励与约束制度,提高医疗机构纯收益等。

臭氧协同过氧乙酸消毒在医院集中式纯水供应系统中的应用研究

目的探讨臭氧协同过氧乙酸(PAA)消毒法降低集中式纯水供应系统使用点末端纯水中需氧菌总数的效果。方法开展两阶段对照研究,对某医院集中式纯水供应系统的末端纯水进行微生物限度检查。第一阶段使用PAA消毒法,第二阶段为臭氧强化消毒阶段,使用PAA协同臭氧的消毒方式。比较不同阶段的消毒效果。结果试验期间共采集211份水标本,PAA消毒组101份,臭氧强化消毒组110份,用水点末端纯水菌落合格率臭氧强化消毒组(85.45%)高于PAA消毒组(74.26%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.04)。臭氧强化消毒组的需氧菌菌落数的中位数(2 CFU/mL)低于PAA消毒组(20 CFU/mL)。随着消毒后时间延长,PAA消毒组的水标本中需氧菌数量呈现明显的上升趋势(第1天VS第92天:9 CFU/mL VS 1062 CFU/mL),臭氧强化消毒组纯水需氧菌数量则波动较小(第1天VS第92天:8 CFU/mL VS 58 CFU/mL)。结论臭氧协同PAA消毒法可降低集中式纯水供应系统的末端出水的需氧菌总数,且维持效果明显。