Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative which contains both vector and pseudoscalargauge bosons.Based on this theory,we construct a U(4) strong interaction model By using this U(4) generalizedYang-Mil...Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative which contains both vector and pseudoscalargauge bosons.Based on this theory,we construct a U(4) strong interaction model By using this U(4) generalizedYang-Mills model,we obtain that mesons can be realized as the colorless pseudoscalar gauge bosons.We also obtain agauge potential solution which can be used to explain the asymptotic behavior and color confinement.展开更多
一个格言联盟者概括了Yang工厂模型，它包含，除向量部分V_渭以外，另外轴向量的部分A_渭，分级的部分 S ，假分级的部分 P ，和张肌partT_(渭谓)，被构造，在模型的计量器对称的动态碎也被讨论。它被显示出，以 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio 机...一个格言联盟者概括了Yang工厂模型，它包含，除向量部分V_渭以外，另外轴向量的部分A_渭，分级的部分 S ，假分级的部分 P ，和张肌partT_(渭谓)，被构造，在模型的计量器对称的动态碎也被讨论。它被显示出，以 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio 机制，碎的计量器对称能在格言联盟者动态地被认识到，这概括了 Yang 工厂模型。格言联盟者的联合概括了杨—工厂模型和 NJL 机制提供一个方法克服与 Higgs 有关的困难删除并且在碎的平常的自发的对称的 Higgs 机制理论。展开更多
概括 Yang 工厂理论有 covariant 衍生物，它包含向量和分级的计量器波色子。基于这个理论，我们由使用组 U (4 ) 构造一个强壮的相互作用模型。由使用这， U (4 ) 概括了 Yang 工厂模型，我们也获得一个计量器潜力答案，它能被用来解释...概括 Yang 工厂理论有 covariant 衍生物，它包含向量和分级的计量器波色子。基于这个理论，我们由使用组 U (4 ) 构造一个强壮的相互作用模型。由使用这， U (4 ) 概括了 Yang 工厂模型，我们也获得一个计量器潜力答案，它能被用来解释 asymptotic 行为和颜色监禁。展开更多
In [6], a global solution of Yang-Mills equation on de-Sitter spacetime with conformal fiat metric was given by Prof. Lu. In this article, Yang-Mills equation on ndimensional de-Sitter space with Beltrami-Hua-Lu metri...In [6], a global solution of Yang-Mills equation on de-Sitter spacetime with conformal fiat metric was given by Prof. Lu. In this article, Yang-Mills equation on ndimensional de-Sitter space with Beltrami-Hua-Lu metric is discussed and a global solution is obtained.展开更多
Strong fields generated by big electric currents are examined within the framework of the Yang-Mills nonlinear generalization of the Maxwell electrodynamics proposed in our earlier papers. First we consider the case o...Strong fields generated by big electric currents are examined within the framework of the Yang-Mills nonlinear generalization of the Maxwell electrodynamics proposed in our earlier papers. First we consider the case of stationary currents and find a new exact solution to the Yang-Mills equations. Then we study a Yang-Mills field inside a thin circular cylinder with nonstationary plasma and find expressions for field strengths in it. Obtained results are applied to interpret several puzzling natural phenomena.展开更多
Fractional or fractal calculus is everywhere and very important.It is reported that the fractal approach is suitable for insight into the effect of porous structure on thermo-properties of cloth.A novel local fraction...Fractional or fractal calculus is everywhere and very important.It is reported that the fractal approach is suitable for insight into the effect of porous structure on thermo-properties of cloth.A novel local fractional breaking soliton equation is derived from the reduction of the linear spectral problem associated with the local fractional non-isospectral self-dual Yang-Mills equations.More specifically,the employed linear spectral problem is first reduced to the(2+1)-dimensional local fractional zero-curvature equation through variable transformations.Based on the reduced local fractional zero-curvature equation,the fractional breaking soliton equation is then constructed by the method of undetermined coefficients.This paper shows that some other local fractional models can be obtained by generalizing the existing methods of generating nonlinear partial differential equations with integer orders.展开更多
We have constructed a consistent system of equations for the Yang-Mills quantum-wave fluctuations in the classical Yang-Mills condensate based on canonical quantization in the Heisenberg representation. Such a quasi-c...We have constructed a consistent system of equations for the Yang-Mills quantum-wave fluctuations in the classical Yang-Mills condensate based on canonical quantization in the Heisenberg representation. Such a quasi-classical system has been thoroughly analyzed in the conformal limit in the linear and quasi-linear approximations, both analytically and numerically. We have found that interaction between waves and condensate triggers a significant transfer or swap of energy from the condensate to the wave modes in the SU(2) gauge theory. Remarkably, a similar energy swap effect has been found in the maximally-supersymmetric N=4 Yang-Mills theory, as well as in the two-condensate SU(4) gauge theory. Such a generic feature of Yang-Mills dynamics opens up vast phenomenological implications in ultra-relativistic Yang-Mills plasma physics.展开更多
We start from quantum field theory in curved spacetime to derive a new Einstein-like energy mass relation of the type E=γmc2 where γ=1/22 is a Yang-Mills Lorentzian factor, m is the mass and c is the velocity of lig...We start from quantum field theory in curved spacetime to derive a new Einstein-like energy mass relation of the type E=γmc2 where γ=1/22 is a Yang-Mills Lorentzian factor, m is the mass and c is the velocity of light. Although quantum field in curved spacetime is not a complete quantum gravity theory, our prediction here of 95.4545% dark energy missing in the cosmos is almost in complete agreement with the WMAP and supernova measurements. Finally, it is concluded that the WMAP and type 1a supernova 4.5% measured energy is the ordinary energy density of the quantum particle while the 95.5% missing dark energy is the energy density of the quantum wave. Recalling that measurement leads to quantum wave collapse, it follows that dark energy as given by E(D) = mc2 (21/22) cannot be detected using conventional direct measurement although its antigravity effect is manifested through the increasing rather than decreasing speed of cosmic expansion.展开更多
In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict...In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict a relationship among the electron and up and down quark masses within experimental errors and to obtain a very accurate relationship for nuclear binding energies generally and for the binding of 56Fe in particular. The free proton and neutron were understood to each contain intrinsic binding energies which confine their quarks, wherein some or most (never all) of this energy is released for binding when they are fused into composite nuclides. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this thesis by seeing whether it can explain the specific empirical binding energies of the light 1s nuclides, namely, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He, with high precision. As the method to achieve this, we show how these 1s binding energies are in fact the components of inner and outer tensor products of Yang-Mills matrices which are implicit in the expressions for these intrinsic binding energies. The result is that the binding energies for the 4He, 3He and 3H nucleons are respectively, independently, explained to less than four parts in one million, four parts in 100,000, and seven parts in one million, all in AMU. Further, we are able to exactly relate the neutron minus proton mass difference to a function of the up and down current quark masses, which in turn enables us to explain the 2H binding energy most precisely of all, to just over 8 parts in ten million. These energies have never before been theoretically explained with such accuracy, which leads to the conclusion that the underlying thesis provides the strongest theoretical explanation to date of what baryons are, and of how protons and neutrons confine their quarks and bind together into composite nuclides. As is also reviewed in Section 9, these results may lay the foundation for more easily catalyzing nuclear fusion energy release.展开更多
We investigate the classical dynamics of the massive SU(2) Yang-Mills field in the framework of multiple scale perturbation theory. We show analytically that there exists a subset of solutions having the form of a kin...We investigate the classical dynamics of the massive SU(2) Yang-Mills field in the framework of multiple scale perturbation theory. We show analytically that there exists a subset of solutions having the form of a kink soliton, modulated by a plane wave, in a linear subspace transverse to the direction of free propagation. Subsequently, we explore how these solutions affect the dynamics of a Dirac field possessing an SU(2) charge. We find that this class of Yang- Mills configurations, when regarded as an external field, leads to the localization of the fermion along a line in the transverse space. Our analysis reveals a mechanism for trapping SU(2) charged fermions in the presence of an external Yang-Mills field indicating the non-abelian analogue of Landau localization in electrodynamics.展开更多
基金1 Research supported by NSFC (No.10071021).2 Research supported by NSFC (No.19901010),China Postdoctoral Science Fundation and Fok Ying-Tung Education Fundation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10647106
文摘Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative which contains both vector and pseudoscalargauge bosons.Based on this theory,we construct a U(4) strong interaction model By using this U(4) generalizedYang-Mills model,we obtain that mesons can be realized as the colorless pseudoscalar gauge bosons.We also obtain agauge potential solution which can be used to explain the asymptotic behavior and color confinement.
基金The project supported by Nationai Naturai Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10275008
文摘一个格言联盟者概括了Yang工厂模型，它包含，除向量部分V_渭以外，另外轴向量的部分A_渭，分级的部分 S ，假分级的部分 P ，和张肌partT_(渭谓)，被构造，在模型的计量器对称的动态碎也被讨论。它被显示出，以 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio 机制，碎的计量器对称能在格言联盟者动态地被认识到，这概括了 Yang 工厂模型。格言联盟者的联合概括了杨—工厂模型和 NJL 机制提供一个方法克服与 Higgs 有关的困难删除并且在碎的平常的自发的对称的 Higgs 机制理论。
基金supported by NKBRPC(2004CB31800, 2006CB805905)NSFC(10375087)
文摘In [6], a global solution of Yang-Mills equation on de-Sitter spacetime with conformal fiat metric was given by Prof. Lu. In this article, Yang-Mills equation on ndimensional de-Sitter space with Beltrami-Hua-Lu metric is discussed and a global solution is obtained.
文摘Strong fields generated by big electric currents are examined within the framework of the Yang-Mills nonlinear generalization of the Maxwell electrodynamics proposed in our earlier papers. First we consider the case of stationary currents and find a new exact solution to the Yang-Mills equations. Then we study a Yang-Mills field inside a thin circular cylinder with nonstationary plasma and find expressions for field strengths in it. Obtained results are applied to interpret several puzzling natural phenomena.
基金Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program of China(2019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11547005)Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Liaoning Province of China(2020)。
文摘Fractional or fractal calculus is everywhere and very important.It is reported that the fractal approach is suitable for insight into the effect of porous structure on thermo-properties of cloth.A novel local fractional breaking soliton equation is derived from the reduction of the linear spectral problem associated with the local fractional non-isospectral self-dual Yang-Mills equations.More specifically,the employed linear spectral problem is first reduced to the(2+1)-dimensional local fractional zero-curvature equation through variable transformations.Based on the reduced local fractional zero-curvature equation,the fractional breaking soliton equation is then constructed by the method of undetermined coefficients.This paper shows that some other local fractional models can be obtained by generalizing the existing methods of generating nonlinear partial differential equations with integer orders.
文摘We have constructed a consistent system of equations for the Yang-Mills quantum-wave fluctuations in the classical Yang-Mills condensate based on canonical quantization in the Heisenberg representation. Such a quasi-classical system has been thoroughly analyzed in the conformal limit in the linear and quasi-linear approximations, both analytically and numerically. We have found that interaction between waves and condensate triggers a significant transfer or swap of energy from the condensate to the wave modes in the SU(2) gauge theory. Remarkably, a similar energy swap effect has been found in the maximally-supersymmetric N=4 Yang-Mills theory, as well as in the two-condensate SU(4) gauge theory. Such a generic feature of Yang-Mills dynamics opens up vast phenomenological implications in ultra-relativistic Yang-Mills plasma physics.
文摘We start from quantum field theory in curved spacetime to derive a new Einstein-like energy mass relation of the type E=γmc2 where γ=1/22 is a Yang-Mills Lorentzian factor, m is the mass and c is the velocity of light. Although quantum field in curved spacetime is not a complete quantum gravity theory, our prediction here of 95.4545% dark energy missing in the cosmos is almost in complete agreement with the WMAP and supernova measurements. Finally, it is concluded that the WMAP and type 1a supernova 4.5% measured energy is the ordinary energy density of the quantum particle while the 95.5% missing dark energy is the energy density of the quantum wave. Recalling that measurement leads to quantum wave collapse, it follows that dark energy as given by E(D) = mc2 (21/22) cannot be detected using conventional direct measurement although its antigravity effect is manifested through the increasing rather than decreasing speed of cosmic expansion.
文摘In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict a relationship among the electron and up and down quark masses within experimental errors and to obtain a very accurate relationship for nuclear binding energies generally and for the binding of 56Fe in particular. The free proton and neutron were understood to each contain intrinsic binding energies which confine their quarks, wherein some or most (never all) of this energy is released for binding when they are fused into composite nuclides. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this thesis by seeing whether it can explain the specific empirical binding energies of the light 1s nuclides, namely, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He, with high precision. As the method to achieve this, we show how these 1s binding energies are in fact the components of inner and outer tensor products of Yang-Mills matrices which are implicit in the expressions for these intrinsic binding energies. The result is that the binding energies for the 4He, 3He and 3H nucleons are respectively, independently, explained to less than four parts in one million, four parts in 100,000, and seven parts in one million, all in AMU. Further, we are able to exactly relate the neutron minus proton mass difference to a function of the up and down current quark masses, which in turn enables us to explain the 2H binding energy most precisely of all, to just over 8 parts in ten million. These energies have never before been theoretically explained with such accuracy, which leads to the conclusion that the underlying thesis provides the strongest theoretical explanation to date of what baryons are, and of how protons and neutrons confine their quarks and bind together into composite nuclides. As is also reviewed in Section 9, these results may lay the foundation for more easily catalyzing nuclear fusion energy release.
文摘We investigate the classical dynamics of the massive SU(2) Yang-Mills field in the framework of multiple scale perturbation theory. We show analytically that there exists a subset of solutions having the form of a kink soliton, modulated by a plane wave, in a linear subspace transverse to the direction of free propagation. Subsequently, we explore how these solutions affect the dynamics of a Dirac field possessing an SU(2) charge. We find that this class of Yang- Mills configurations, when regarded as an external field, leads to the localization of the fermion along a line in the transverse space. Our analysis reveals a mechanism for trapping SU(2) charged fermions in the presence of an external Yang-Mills field indicating the non-abelian analogue of Landau localization in electrodynamics.
