Hydrodynamic Effect of the Regulation Project of Yangtze River Deepwater Channel Downstream of Nanjing

A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.

Morphodynamic Characteristics and Medium-Term Simulation of the North-South Passage Under the Impact of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Navigation Channel Project

The morphological evolution characteristics of the North-South Passage area since the construction of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Navigation Channel Project(DNCP)are analyzed on the basis of the measured data.A twodimensional morphodynamics numerical model of the Yangtze Estuary is established to verify the morphological evolution of the North-South Passage under the influence of the DNCP and to predict the future evolution in the next 40 years.Data analysis shows that the North Passage has experienced rapid adjustment stages and adaptive stages after the construction of the DNCP.Slow erosion occurred along the main channel,and slow siltation could be observed in the area between the groins.The South Passage showed a state of upper section erosion and down section deposition.At present,the whole South Passage is in a slight erosion state.According to the numerical model,the eroding and silting speed of the North Passage will slow down in the future.The present state that erosion occurs in the main channel and siltation occurs between the groins will continue.The South Passage will still maintain upper section erosion and down section deposition in the future.Due to the main channel erosion of the North Passage and siltation of the South Passage,the sediment division ratio of the North Passage will increase in the future but still be smaller than 50%.After morphological evolution of 40 years,the direction of residual sediment transport caused by M2 and M4 tidal components in the North Passage has not changed,but the transport rate will decrease.It is considered that the morphological evolution of the North-South Passage could reach a relatively stable state after 40 years.

Fractal Characteristics and Prediction of Backsilting Quantity in Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel

Fractal interpolation has been an important method applied to engineering in recent years. It can not only be used to fit smooth curve and stationary data but also show its unique superiorities in the fatting of non-smooth curve and non-stationary data. Through analyzing such characteristic values as average value, standard deviations, skewness and kurtosis of measured backsilting quantities in the Yangtze Estuary 12.5 m Deepwater Channel during2011–2017, the fractal interpolation method can be used to study the backsilting quantity distribution with time.According to the fractal interpolation made on the channel backsilting quantities from January 2011 to December2017, there was a good corresponding relationship between the annual(monthly) siltation quantities and the vertical scaling factor. On this basis, a calculation formula for prediction of the backsilting quantity in the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel was constructed. With the relationship between the predicted annual backsilting quantities and the vertical scaling factor, the monthly backsilting quantities can be obtained. Thus, it provides a new method for estimating the backsilting quantity of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.

Calculation of Diversion Ratio of the North Channel in the Yangtze Estuary

The circumfluence around the Jiuduan Sandbank is thoroughly studied by means of the principle of least resistance in fluid dynamics. The diversion ratio of the North Channel for 1998 is calculated, which is almost the same as the field survey data. The normal and minimum diversion ratios of the North Channel after stages I , II and III regulation works as well as the future phase are obtained. The numerical results and predicted value are accurate.

Comprehensive analysis on the sediment siltation in the upper reach of the deepwater navigation channel in the Yangtze Estuary

The results from both the field measurements and numerical simulation were reported to comprehensively analyze the sediment siltation in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project in the Yangtze Estuary after the project has been implemented. In this research, firstly some basic information about the river evolution in the Yangtze Estuary is analyzed, including the variations of water depths in the Hengsha Passage and the inlet cross-sections of the North Passage and the South Passage, and changes of diversion ratios of ebb flow and sediment flux in the North Passage and the South Passage, Then the Delfl3D-FLOW model is applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the Yangtze Estuary. This model has been calibrated and the simulated results agree well with the measured data of the tidal levels, flow velocities and suspended sediment concentration （SSC）, indicating that the model can well simulate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport of the Yangtze Estuary caused by the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project. The research results show that the development of the Hengsha Passage and decrease of diversion ratio of ebb flow and sediment flux in the North Passage are the main reasons of sediment siltation in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Yangtze Estuary.

径流变化下长江口多分汊系统冲淤分布差异及动力机制

为探究水库调平径流过程下长江口多分汊系统冲淤规律,根据1950—2021年水沙、地形和工程资料,拟定径流强度指标(Da,60 000 m^(3)/s以上流量多年平均持续天数)、追踪滞流点位置和按航道疏浚还原北槽冲淤量辨析长江口冲淤分布差异和动力机制。结果表明:Da越大,越利于北部和南部汊道落潮分流比增大和减小,促进北部汊道冲刷加剧、淤积减缓和南部汊道淤积加剧、冲刷减缓,且利于北部和南部汊道淤积重心向下游和上游移动;冲淤差异受水流惯性和南岸节点挑流驱动,径流流量变化使得落潮主流北偏或南偏,形成南北汊道横向和纵向冲淤的联动机制;随着径流过程持续坦化,长江口北部汊道整体和上段将维持淤积加剧或冲刷减缓趋势、下段将维持冲刷加剧或淤积减缓趋势,南部汊道冲淤趋势相反;北槽滞流点在上下段间迁移的临界径流流量为35 000 m^(3)/s,未来上段淤积可能增强,建议适时调整航道维护区段。

长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施后北槽冲淤分析

对长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施后北槽的地形资料进行分析计算 ,论述了北槽河床冲淤变化。结果表明 :一期工程实施后 ,整治工程段北槽河床普遍冲刷 ,平均水深增幅达 1 2m ,断面平均水深最大增幅超过2m ,坝田明显淤积 ,河床断面比较对称 ,航槽回淤减少。北槽进口段和北槽中段的深槽发生较为明显的淤积 ,北槽纵向河床断面面积和平均水深趋于均匀 ,形成了一条上、下段平顺衔接的微弯深泓线。工程实施后北槽的河床总容积基本保持不变。整治建筑物完成一年后河床基本达到冲淤平衡 ,工程引起河床大幅度冲淤调整完成后 ,北槽仍具有明显的洪淤枯冲规律 ,主槽季节性冲淤幅度平均在 30cm～ 5 0cm之间。

长江口深水航道治理与河床演变关系初探

简要分析了北槽具有优良河势的各种因素 ,并根据长江口深水航道治理工程一、二、三期及远景规划实施后北槽分流比的数模计算结果 ,初步研究了深水航道治理与河床演变之间的关系 .物理模型试验结果显示 ,在分流河口由于边界层脱离而产生一个立轴旋涡———兰金涡 (RankineVortex) ,因而引发横向流 ,藉此可以解释底沙偏向南槽的输移问题 .

长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施对北槽拦门沙的影响

介绍了长江口拦门沙发育及其特点和北槽航道拦门沙形成机理,利用长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施后的地形资料分析治理工程对北槽航道拦门沙影响。结果表明:治理工程建成后,增加了主槽流速,减少了航道回淤,打通北槽航道拦门沙,增加了航道水深,治理工程效果明显。

长江口整治工程对盐水入侵影响研究

根据实测资料分析了长江口的盐水入侵问题。采用调和常数得到外海控制潮位,用流量控制上游边界,建立了长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域正交曲线坐标系下的二维潮流和盐度数学模型。模型验证了长江口洪、枯季时大、中、小潮的潮位、流速、流向和盐度,较好地模拟了口外顺时针旋转流和口内往复流的特征,反映了外海盐水入侵和北支盐水倒灌的运移特性。在此基础上对长江口综合整治规划方案进行了研究,讨论了整治工程对减轻长江口盐水入侵的作用。

长江口邻近水域浮游植物群落动态变化及其环境因子的研究

根据1998-2003年长江口邻近水域(30°-32°N,121°27′-122°30′E),丰水期和枯水期10个航次、20个点位的海洋监测结果,对浮游植物动态变化及其环境影响因子进行了研究。6年内共检出浮游植物238种,其中大部分为硅藻。研究结果表明,深水航道附近水域中,浮游植物种类、丰度和生物多样性均呈下降趋势。相反,航道内浮游植物总丰度呈直线上升(R=0.81,P<0.05)。对航道内12个环境因子做主成分分析,盐度、溶解氧、硅酸盐和浊度为主要环境主要因子。其中浊度和硅酸盐与浮游植物群落变化关系密切,是影响浮游植物群落动态变化的关键因子,并受深水航道工程影响。

长江口北槽深水航道工程对九段沙冲淤影响研究

根据1989～2003年长江口九段沙附近地形图,在地理信息系统软件MapInfo的支持下,分析了北槽深水航道工程对九段沙冲淤演变的影响.在长江来沙减少总的情势下,九段沙总的淤积速率在明显下降,但北槽深水航道工程使局部冲淤形势发生逆转:九段沙顶端到江亚南沙大片区域淤积速率显著增强,沿北槽深水航道南导堤外缘形成一个10 km长的淤积带;九段沙东侧水下三角洲受工程的影响不大,淤积速率持续降低并底端发生冲刷.

GIS支持下长江口深水航道治理一、二期工程对北槽拦门沙的影响分析

将1995～2003年间10幅不同时期的长江口海图资料数字化，利用地理信息系统（ArcInfo8．3）相应的模块进行处理，建立起不同时期的长江口水下数字高程模型。以此作为基础资料，从横断面、深泓线纵剖面以及平面变化等不同角度，对长江口北槽航道水下地形变化进行定量分析。结果表明：整治一期工程完成后，增加了主槽流速，减少了航道回淤，北槽形成了一条深8～10m的微弯深槽，水深基本稳定。二期工程基本保持了一期工程的河势，河床断面未发生重大调整。

长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施对南槽冲淤演变的影响

根据长江口深水航道治理一期工程开工以来南槽的多次地形资料和分流比资料,详细分析了一期工程实施以来南槽河床的冲淤变化。结果表明:随着一期工程的实施,南槽上段的水流动力不断增强,河床刷深,深槽展宽。南槽中、下段受南槽上段冲刷、底沙下泄的影响,曾出现阶段性的淤积,但随后河床水深便得以恢复。1998-2003年南槽上段共冲刷近0.85亿m3泥沙。一期工程完成后,南槽上段和中、下段季节性冲淤规律不同,上段洪冲枯淤,中、下段洪淤枯冲,季节性冲淤幅度通常都在0.7m以内。南槽南、北两侧的南汇东滩和江亚南沙在淤涨的同时,也分别呈现出洪冲枯淤和洪淤枯冲的季节性变化规律。

新世纪上海地区相对海平面变化影响因素及预测方法

针对传统相对海平面变化分析方法均将理论海平面变化和地面沉降进行的叠加分析,本文讨论和分析了近20年来全球理论海平面上升速率加快背景下的区域海平面变化速率,利用灰色线性回归组合模型预测上海地区海平面变化趋势。考虑了上海地面沉降发展的新特点,以及长江流域来沙显著减少和河口大型工程建设对上海地区相对海平面变化的影响。在流域来沙量显著减少但来水量变化不大情况下,流域大坝的坝下冲刷使得河槽刷深,河口水位降低,同时长江口深水航道整治工程和促淤围垦工程束狭入海口,使得潮位站水位发生变化,两者的综合效应是目前研究长江口相对海平面变化时必须考虑的重要因素。

深水航道工程对长江口流场的影响

该文建立了一个长江口二维流场数值模型,分别对深水航道工程实施前后长江口流场进行计算,计算结果显示深水航道工程对长江口影响区域主要集中在北槽及工程施工地点附近,而对距离较远的测站影响小。通过对各测站水位、流速和断面潮量变化的分析,表明工程对长江口水位的影响较小而对流速和南北槽进口断面潮量的影响较大。

长江河口九段沙近期冲淤演变过程研究

1998年以前,九段沙是一个人类活动干预很小的天然河口江心沙洲。北槽深水航道治理工程建设,使九段沙头部和北边界基本固定,南北槽分流分沙比改变,水沙交换减少。同时,随着流域来沙和河口河道底沙来源减少,近期九段沙冲淤演变发生新的变化。如今的九段沙0m水深线包络体在不断地淤高扩宽。上沙沙头迅速淤涨,并越过南导堤向北偏伸入北槽,沙尾则快速向南槽延伸,并与南导堤和中沙之间形成新的涨潮沟通道;九段沙南北侧由于冲淤不均其水边线形态出现明显不规则变化,下沙尾部东南端冲蚀,东北端淤涨,沙洲长轴线逆时针转动,但洲体整体位置摆动极小。作为国家级自然保护区,其上沙沙尾的快速延伸和沙洲南侧局部冲淤不平衡须引起重视,确保九段沙沙洲整体稳定。

近期长江河口南、北槽分流口河床演变过程研究

基于大量现场水沙观测及海图资料,首先分析总结了南、北槽分流口历史演变规律;其次,对长江口深水航道治理工程建设以来南、北槽分流口河段水流动力特征,近期分流口演变规律及分流潜堤工程建设对分流口河段河道演变和水动力条件的影响进行了研究。结果显示:南港下游至南、北槽分流口河段深泓线位置经历了南-北-南的换位过程;南、北槽分流沙洲的方位角受外海上溯潮波控制,基本保持在305°,但由于分流口上提至江亚南沙及分流潜堤的建设,分流沙洲洲头逐渐北偏,目前分流沙洲方位角在314°左右,伸入到分流潜堤北侧河道,与此同时,南、北槽进口过水断面(0m以下)总面积维持稳定的前提下,北槽过水断面持续减小,南槽相应增加;目前,南港下游水流流向出现南偏,落潮主流偏向南槽,南槽进口断面平均潮流速大于北槽。

长江口北支缩窄工程对水动力环境影响数值分析

为分析长江口北支缩窄工程对长江口南北支水动力环境的影响,建立了长江口-杭州湾二维垂向平均潮流数学模型,对长江口北支缩窄工程前后的潮流场进行了数值模拟研究。研究表明:工程实施后新岸线的走向顺应了涨落潮流主流流向,南北支潮流特性基本不变;缩窄工程减小了北支入海口门的河宽,导致北支涨潮量明显减小,达到了减轻北支咸潮倒灌南支的目的;工程后整个河道的高潮位均有不同程度的降低,对北支两岸的防潮将产生积极影响;低潮位有增有减,但是变化幅度相对不明显,仅对北支中上段的排涝有略微影响;从全河段来看,工程后涨潮流速除了三条港河段增大外,其余河段均有不同的减小;而落潮流速总体增大。

长江口深水航道及横沙东滩促淤圈围对滞流点的影响

滞流点位置的变化对河口拦门沙的形成和泥沙淤积具有极大的影响.基于MIKE3软件建立长江口水动力和盐度输运三维数学模型,采用实测资料对模型的潮位、流速、流向和盐度进行验证.运用验证好的数学模型模拟和分析长江口深水航道工程及横沙东滩促淤圈围工程对河口滞流点位置的影响,结果表明,(1)应用改进的近底层平均单宽通量计算公式确定滞流点的位置,验证结果良好,可以用该公式确定滞流点的位置;(2)深水航道工程的建设增大了水深和涨落潮流速,各汊道内落潮流量的增加明显高于涨潮流量的增加,且滞流点均向下游移动;(3)横沙东滩促淤圈围工程建成后,北港滞流点向下游移动约5km,北槽和南槽的滞流点则向上游移动约1km.