Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Triassic Nianzi Adakitic Granite Unit in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt:New Constraints from U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes

The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB.This study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite unit.Our findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and zircon.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 Ma.Additionally,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic rocks.In light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.

Influence of Geomantic Environmental Consciousness on Landscaping of Guilin Yanshan Garden in China

Yanshan Garden is a famous classical garden with the special feature of the south of Five Ridges among the three classical gardens existing in Guangxi, and the features of gardens in the south of Five Ridges can be fully understood through the research on it. The paper has deeply studied the influence of geomantic environment consciousness on landscaping from the perspective of site selection and landscaping layout. Geomantic theory is a major basis for site selection of Chinese traditional garden architecture. Ancient geomancy originates from the theory of the Eight Diagrams inThe Book of Change, the fundamental thought of which is "avoiding wind and gathering Qi". The planning and layout of Yanshan Garden is based on views of Five Elements Theory, and corresponds with the requirements in geomantic theory. It has made full use of natural conditions of real mountains and rivers in the planning of Yanshan Garden which presents in the layout of the front or back yards. Residences and courtyards are isolated with each other, separated by portal and lattice walls, corridors and pavilions, courtyards, flowers and woods, and pools. The whole garden can be divided into five scenic areas, which are Entrance Zone, Paddy Sweet Cottage Zone, Hantong Tower-Biyun Lake Zone, Fangzhu Mountain Zone, and Ruzhong Mountain Zone, all of which are connected and separated with each other. Landscape in the garden is changeable, fully manifesting geomantic environmental consciousness of gardeners.

Gardening Aesthetics Implied in Yanshan Garden of Guilin City

Gardening aesthetics implied in Yanshan garden were analyzed by combining with its natural environment,Map of Yanshan Garden of Nong Daijin and relevant researches. This study stated that Confucianism,Taoism and Zen Buddhism laid the philosophical foundation of gardening in Yanshan Garden and its gardening aesthetics included the ideas of entering or leaving the officialdom,painting style and artistic conception,beauty of natural landscape and cultural connotation of Fengshui.

Architectural Idea of "Panoramic View" and "Ecological" Landscaping Consciousness in Yanshan Garden

WANG Shi-zhen,the scholar in Ming Dynasty,has been studied by followers of many generations.His remarkable achievements in literature,history,painting and even opera have been much learnt,but his contributions to gardening have been rarely mentioned.Thus Yanshan Garden as the material carrier of WANG's gardening achievements is worthy of further study.Yanshan Garden is the representative of private gardens owned by scholars and officials in Ming Dynasty,enjoying the fame of "City Forest".Either from garden construction,including natural landscapes,architectural landscapes as well as animal and plant landscapes,or from gardening thoughts and theories,Yanshan Garden has its own outstanding and particular features.Through reviewing On Yanshan Garden,this study elaborated the architectural idea of "panoramic view" and "ecological" landscaping consciousness in Yanshan Garden,which supplemented the blank page in this field and provided support for future studies.

Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the “Yanshan Movement”

With acquisition and accumulation of new data of structural geological investigations and high-resolution isotopic dating data, we have greatly improved our understanding of the tectonic events occurring in eastern China during the period from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and may give a new interpretation of the nature, timing and geodynamic settings of the “Yanshan Movement”. During the Mid-Late Jurassic （165±5 Ma）, great readjustment of plate amalgamation kinematics took place in East Asia and the tectonic regime underwent great transformation, thus initiating a new tectonic regime in which the North China Block was the center and different plates converged toward it from the north, east and southwest and forming the “East Asia convergent” tectonic system characterized by intracontinental subduction and orogeny. As a consequence, the crustal lithosphere of the East Asian continent thickened considerably during the Late Jurassic, followed immediately by Early Cretaceous substantial lithospheric thinning and craton destruction featured by drastic lithospheric extension and widespread volcano-magmatic activities, resulting in a major biotic turnover from the Yanliao biota to Jehol Biota. Such a tremendous tectonic event that took place in the continent of China and East Asia is the basic connotation of the “Yanshan Movement”. In the paper, according to the deformation patterns, geodynamic settings and deep processes, the “Yanshan Movement” is redefined as the Late Jurassic East Asian multi-directional plate convergent tectonic regime and its associated extensive intracontinental orogeny and great tectonic change that started at -165±5 Ma. The substantial lithospheric attenuation in East China is considered the post-effect of the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny and deformation.

The Sequence of Magmatic-Tectonic Events and Orogenic Processes of the Yanshan Belt, North China

This paper emphasizes that the interactive constraints of geology and isotopic dating is the best approach to construct the geological event sequence, and has compiled 106 data of reasonable isotopic ages for the igneous rocks of the Yanshan belt. We propose a sequence of mgmatic-tectonic events in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshan orogen of North China. Five orogenic episodes are divided, (1) pre-and initial orogenic episode (Early Jurassic); (2) early orogenic episode (Middle Jurassic); (3) peak orogenic episode (Late Jurassic); (4) late orogenic episode (early Early Cretaceous), and (5) post-orogenic episode. Each episode is a short cycle, all of the orogenic processes construct a longer cycle, and they, in general, followed a counter-clockwise (ccw) PTt path. Finally, it is suggested that the Yanshanian movement was so intensive that the magmatism and tectonic deformation had involved all the lithosphere thickness and the late-Achaean-formed cratonic lithosphere had been significantly reworked.

Pore Structure Heterogeneity of the Xiamaling Formation Shale Gas Reservoir in the Yanshan Area of China: Evaluation of Geological Controlling Factors

Micro-heterogeneity is an integral parameter of the pore structure of shale gas reservoir and it forms an essential basis for setting and adjusting development parameters.In this study,scanning electron microscopy,high-pressure mercury intrusion and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the pore structure of black shale from the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Yanshan area.The pore heterogeneity was studied using fractal theory,and the controlling factors of pore development and heterogeneity were evaluated in combination with geochemical parameters,mineral composition,and geological evolution history.The results show that the pore structure of the reservoir was intricate and complicated.Moreover,various types of micro-nano scale pores such as dissolution pores,intergranular pores,interlayer pores,and micro-cracks are well developed in member 3 of the Xiamaling Formation.The average porosity was found to be 6.30%,and the mean value of the average pore size was 4.78 nm.Micropores and transition pores provided most of the storage space.Pore development was significantly affected by the region and was mainly related to the total organic carbon content,vitrinite reflectance and mineral composition.The fractal dimension,which characterizes the heterogeneity,is 2.66 on average,indicating that the pore structure is highly heterogeneous.Fractal dimension is positively correlated with maturity and clay mineral content,while it is negatively correlated with brittle mineral content and average pore size.These results indicate that pore heterogeneity is closely related to thermal history and material composition.Combined with the geological background of this area,it was found that the pore heterogeneity was mainly controlled by the Jurassic magmatism.The more intense the magma intrusion,the stronger the pore heterogeneity.The pore structure and its heterogeneity characteristics present today are a general reflection of the superimposed geological processes of sedimentary-diagenetic-late transformation.The influence of magmatic intrusion on the reservoir is the main geological factor that should be considered for detailed evaluation of the Xiamaling Formation shale gas reservoir in the Yanshan area.

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang （高于庄） Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic, respectively, occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma, ca. 1 000 Ma, and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America, i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup, which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan （燕山） area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members （or subformations）. The first member （or the Guandi （官地） subformation） is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member （or the Sangshu＇an （桑树鞍） subformation） is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member （or the Zhangjiayu （张家峪） subformation） is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member （or the Huanxiusi （环秀寺） subformation） is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections, i.e. the Jixian （蓟县） Section in Tianjin （天津） and the Qiangou （千沟） Section of Yanqing （延庆） County in Beijing （北京）, demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China, in which lots of grotesque matground structures （wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples） are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots,of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma （from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma）. The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu （大红） Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma, thus the forming duration of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is thought as 100 Ma （1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma）. Furthermore, the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma, which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly, several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite, such as the particular forming environment, the important facies-indicative meaning, and the episodic distribution in the earth history, might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world, although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore, like other three stromatolitic declines, respectively, occurring at ca. 675 Ma, ca. 1 000 Ma, and ca. 2 000 Ma, the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites （2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma） has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.

Molar-Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan,Yanshan Region,North China,and Geological Implications

Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS （Molar-Tooth Structure） has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS＇s occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular （irregular）, were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS-bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive ~13C and highly negative 3180 values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.

Lisiguangite,CuPtBiS_3,a New Platinum-Group Mineral from the Yanshan Mountains,Hebei,China

Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, is a new mineral species discovered in a PEG-bearing, Co-Cu sulfide vein in garnet pyroxenite of the Yanshan Mountains, Chengde Prefecture, Hebei Province, China. It is associated with chalcopyrite and bornite, galena, minor pyrite, carrolite, molybdenite and the platinum-group minerals daomanite （CuPtAsS2）, Co-bearing malanite （Cu（Pt, Co）2S4） sperrylite, moncheite, cooperite and malyshevite （CuPdBiS3）, rare damiaoite （Pt2In3） and yixunite （Pt3In）. Lisiguangite occurs as idiomorphic crystals, tabular or lamellae （010） and elongated [100] or as aggregates, up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. The mineral is opaque, has lead-gray color, black streak and metallic luster. The mineral is non-fluorescent. The observed morphology displays the following forms： pinacoids {100}, {010}, {001}, and prism [110}. No twining is observed. The a：b：c ratio, calculated from unit-cell parameters, is 0.6010：1：0.3836. Cleavage： {010} perfect, {001} distinct, {100} may be visible. H Mohs： 2 1/2; VHN25=46.7-49.8 （mean 48.3） kg/mm^2. Tenacity： brittle. Lisiguangite is bright white with a yellowish tint. In reflected light it shows neither internal reflections nor bireflectance or pleochroism. It has weak to moderate anisotropy （blue-greenish to brownish） and parallel-axial extinction. The reflectance values in air （and in oil） for R3, R4 and （^imR3, ^imR4）, at the standard Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths are： 37.5, 35.7 （23.4, 22.3） at 470nm; 38.6, 36.5 （23.6, 22.6） at 546nm; 39.4, 37.5 （23.6, 22.7） at 589 nm and 40.3, 38.2 （23.7, 22.9） at 650 nm. The average of eight electron-microprobe analyses： Cu 12.98, Pt 30.04, Pd 2.69, Bi 37.65 and S 17.55, totaling 100.91%, corresponding to Cu1.10（Pt0.83, Pd0.14）∑0.97Bi0.97S2.96 based on six atoms apfu. The ideal formula is CuPtBiS3. The mineral is orthorhombic. Space group： P212121, a=7.7152（15）A, b=12.838（3）A, c=4.9248（10）A, V=487.80（17）A^3, Z=4. The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in A（l） （h k l） are 6.40（30）（020）, 3.24（80）（031）, 3.03（100）（201）, 2.27（40）（051）, 2.14（50）（250）, 1.865（60）（232）.

Thermal Evolution of Plutons and Uplift Process of the Yanshan Orogenic Belt

Abstract: Thermochronological dating was used to study the thermal evolution of the Mesozoic plutons and uplift history of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The results show that the cooling history of the plutons is complicated, corresponding to the inhomogeneous uplift process of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The Panshan granite cooled fast during 226.48–204.95 Ma at a rate of 10.22°C/Ma after its emplacement at a depth of about 10 km, and its fast uplift occurred in about 96–35 Ma at an average rate of 0.115 mm/a. The Wulingshan pluton cooled fast during 132–127.23 Ma at a rate of 94.34°C/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 86–45 Ma at an average rate of 0.186 mm/a. The Yunmengshan granite cooled fast during 143–120.99 Ma at a rate of 19.51°C/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 106–103.95 Ma and 20–0.0 Ma at a rate of 1.06 mm/a and 0.15 mm/a respectively. The Sihetang granite-gneiss uplifted rapidly since 13 Ma at an average rate of 0.256 mm/a. The Badaling granite uplifted rapidly since 6 Ma at an average rate of 0.556 mm/a. The Cenozoic uplift of the Yanshan Mountains can be well correlated to the rifting process of the surrounding basins.

Yanshan, Gaoshan-Two Active Volcanoes of the Volcanic Cluster in Arshan, Inner Mongolia

The volcanic cluster in Arshan, inner Mongolia, is located in the west of the middle section of the Da Hinggan Mountains. There are more than forty Cenozoic volcanoes among which the Yanshan Volcano and Gaoshan Volcano are the active ones in broad sense and basaltic central vents. Arshan is a newly found volcanic active region in the Chinese continent. The volcanoes are perfectly preserved and composed of cinder cones, pyroclastic sheets and lava flows. Their cones are grand and the Gaoshan cone is about 362m high, and the depth of the Yanshan crater is about 140m. The pyroclastic sheet is mainly made up of scoria, and the distribution area of scoria with thickness more than i m is about 27km^2 . There are two Carbonized-wood sites in the pyroclastic sheet and the ^14C datings indicate ages of 1990±100a B. P and 1900 ±70a B. P, which are rectified by dendrodating. Basaltic lava flows are uncovered, and they change from pahoehoe in the early stage to aa in the later stage. There are lots of perfect fumarolic cones, fumarolic dishes and lava tumulus in the front zones. The spread of lava flow is controlled by the local topography and its main body flowed northwestwards covering the Holocene rivers and swamp deposits and blocked up the Halahahe river and its branches to create six lava-dam lakes. For these distinguishing features, Arshan volcanic cluster could be called another natural “Volcano Museum”.

Changchengite—A New Iridium Bismuthide-Sulphide from the Yanshan Mountains

Changchengite occurs in chromite orebodies in dunite and in platinum placer deposits in chromite orebodies nearby. The mineral occurs as massive aggregates or veinlets on margins of iridisite (IrS2) and replaces it. Opaque. Lustre metallic. Colour steel-black. Streak black. Hm = 3.7. VHN20= 165 kg/ mm2. Isotropic. Cleavage none. Density 11.96 g/ cm3. Seven electron microprobe analyses give the following mean chemical results (wt. %): S 7.2, Cu 0.3, Te 0.4, Ir 41.2, Pt 2.8 and Bi 47.3 with total 99.1. The simplified formula is IrBiS. The strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines (hkl, d, I) are 210, 2.75 (70); 211, 2.51 (60); 311, 1.860 (100); 440. 1.090 (50) and 600, 1.027 (50). The X-ray powder diffraction pattern is similar to that of mayingite. After the diffraction data are indexed the mineral is determined to be cubic. The space group is P213 with a = 0.6164(4) nm, V = 0.2342 nm3 and Z = 4.

Evaluation of soil erosion from chestnut forests: A case study in the Yanshan Mountains, China

Soil erosion from chestnut forests has many types and intensities. However, less attention has been paid to the increasing soil erosion in the chestnut forests of Yanshan Mountains region, North China. The objective of this study was to discuss forest ages(<5, 5~<10, 10~<20, and 20~ yr), slopes(5°~<15°, 15°~<25°, 25°~<35°, and 35°~), slope positions(upslope, midslope, downslope, and whole slope), and slope aspects(sunny, half-sunny, shade, and half-shade) effects on soil erosion types and intensities in chestnut forests. A field survey was applied to investigate in detail the contiguous chestnut forests near Changfu village of Hebei Province, China on October 9-30, 2016. Results showed that chestnut forests are dominated by moderate erosion in this region, and the soil erosionfrom chestnut forests tended to deteriorate gradually. The average land degradation index was 0.31. The erosion intensity from chestnut forests will gradually increase with the year of planting. Most of the slopes are greater than 15°, accounting for 86.7% of the total chestnut forests. Most of the chestnut forests occupy the whole slope, accounting for 47.5% of the total area. Moderate erosion occurs most commonly for different slope aspects. In conclusion, improving the preparation efficiency of chestnut forests and enhancing the construction standards of soil and water conservation measures would be useful measures to avoid soil erosion from chestnut forests reaching a more severe level.

Comparing mineral weathering and elemental transport between earth's critical zone with different parent rocks in Yanshan Mountain,Hebei province,China

Bedrock weathering performs a significant influence on the evolution of Earth’s critical zone.Carbonate rock(dolostone),metamorphic rock(gneiss),and sedimentary rock(sandstone)geological formations in Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province,are taken as objects to probe the controlling of geological formations on weathering characteristics,migration,and enrichment of elements as well as structure of Earth’s critical zone under the identical climate conditions through geological field survey,analysis on minerals component,element distribution in the weathering profile.The dolostone geological formation(DGF)is lithologically dominated by dolostone,characterized by the strongest and predominant chemical weathering.During bedrock weathering and pedogenesis,DGF is marked by significant depletion of CaO,Mg O,S,Mn,Mo and enrichment of N,K,Fe_(2)O_(3),and Zn with concentrations of P,Cu,and B keeping stable.Shortage of soil-forming materials and significant loss are driven by soil erosion,which results in thin regolith and soil.The soil thickness is less than 10 cm,and the regolith thickness is less than 30 cm.The vegetation community is predominantly rock arbor or brush,which is calcivorous and tolerant of barrenness.Plagiogneiss is a dominant rock type of gneiss geological formation(GGF),characterized by the weakest weathering and fast chemical and physical weathering rate.GGF is masked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe_(2)O_(3),Mn,Cu and enrichment of N,S,Mo,and B,with contents of Zn keeping stable.Both soil and regolith developed in GGF are relatively thick for one of the reasons that biotite expands during weathering.The soil thickness is more than 50 cm,and the regolith thickness ranges from 100 to 200 cm.The vegetation community is predominantly high-quality economic forests and various arbors because of the enrichment of nutrients in GGF.Sandstone is primarily a rock type of sandstone geological formation(SGF),characterized by moderate weathering degree and slow chemical weathering rate.SGF is marked by significant depletion of P,K,CaO,MgO,Fe_(2)O_(3),and enrichment of N,S,Mn,Cu,Zn,and Mo,with fluctuant changes of Zn and B.The thickness of soil developed in SGF varies between that of DGF and GGF.The soil thickness ranges from 30 to 50 cm,and the regolith thickness ranges from 50 to 100 cm.Chinese pines are widely spread on the shady slopes of SGF.Research provides theoretical support for screening dominant ecological resource areas,ecological industry development and ecological protection and restoration for Yanshan Mountain,Hebei Province.

Successful Application of Novel α-Methylstyrene Hydrogenation Catalyst at Yanshan Petrochemical Company

The SHP-A1 type catalyst for hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene(AMS)developed by the SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute(SPRI)has been successfully applied in the No.1 phenol unit at the Third Chemical Plant of Yanshan Petrochemical Company at the first attempt of commissioning.The said catalyst is the first AMS hydrogenation catalyst developed

Cultivate Talent and Seek for Innovation in the past 20 Years——Exclusive Interview with Professor Li Chunling Dean of the School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University

Yanshan University was formerly known as Northeast Heavy Machinery Institute,and was one of the key universities in China at that time.As of1985,the institute moved to Qinhuangdao Island,and as it was located at the foot of Yanshan,it was called as Yanshan University.The School of Economics and Management was established in1979and the Management Engineering Department was established in1984,which was renamed as the School of Economics and Management in1998.This year is the20th anniversary for the establishment of the School.

DIWA TYPE OF GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE YINSHAN-YANSHAN-LIAO-JI ORE BELT,CHINA

This studied gold ore belt is giant and very important in China. Its regional tectonics and evolutional process are complicated. There are a few of view points on its geotec-tonic attribute in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras and on the type of its some gold ore deposits, especially, on one hosted in the pre-diwa geological bodies. On the basis of the diwa theory, the author discussed the regionalization, and its evolutional process, and some features of diwa tectono-magmatism and diwa type of gold mineralization in this belt. The author proposed that(1)the main body zone is a part of the diwa regime in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and(2)the diwa tectono-magmatism had a series of features such as universalism and violence, newborn, reform and superimposition, joining, inheritance, multiperiodic activity, complica-tion and so on. The gold mineralization formed in the diwa regime are called diwa type of golddeposits.In this paper the diwa type of endogenetic gold mineralization products hosted in the pre-diwa geological bodies in this zone is discussed in detail.

Late Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic division and correlation of the Bohai Bay basin: Implications for the Yanshanian Orogeny

We present the results of Mesozoic sequences of the Bohai Bay basin in North China, based mainly on geochronology and interpretations of seismic profiles and logging data. Five tectono-stratigraphic sequences are defined: Lower-Middle Triassic, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous. Based on an analysis of detrital zircons, the clastic rocks recorded two intervals of Jurassic magmatic activity, during 180–175 and 160–152 Ma, which can be correlated to the Nandaling and Tiaojishan Formations in the Yanshan area, respectively. However, since Jurassic volcanic rocks have not yet been found in the Bohai Bay basin, we speculate that these two stages of activity were mainly concentrated around the periphery of the North China Craton(NCC) rather than within. Based on an analysis of zircons from volcanic rocks and pyroclastics, the early Cretaceous magmatism in the Bohai Bay basin can be divided into two stages, 125–120 and 110–100 Ma,which can be correlated to magmatism in the eastern part of the NCC. The zircon ages indicate an absence of volcanic activity during the late Tuchengzi and Zhangjiakou periods which may correlate to the uplift of the Bohai Bay basin in the late Late Jurassic. Comparison of the development of Mesozoic basins and sedimentary strata in the central-eastern part of Yanshan tectonic belt and the the Bohai Bay basin indicates that the two areas are generally comparable, but with substantial differences.The central-eastern part of the Yanshan structural belt lacks Early-Middle Triassic strata, and the Bohai Bay basin lacks late Jurassic-early Cretaceous strata. Based on research results from late Mesozoic sedimentary structures in the central and eastern parts of the Yanshan tectonic belt, we infer that episode A of the Yanshanian Orogeny was weak in the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery, while episode B of the Yanshanian Orogeny had a strong influence on the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery. The available data reveal differences in the expression of these episodes: the Bohai Bay basin is characterized by vertical uplift, and the northern margin of NCC is characterized by horizontal compression uplift.