Network Curriculum Design of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy Specialty Formed by Introducing Guangxi Minority Medicine

Starting from the background and significance of the development and design of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine,this paper discusses the teaching design scheme and module construction of the network course in the development process,and summarizes the design,production and construction experience of the network course.Through practice,the teaching effect and achievement of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine are obvious.

How Are Minor Mental Health Problems Perceived by Traditional Chinese Medicine?

The purpose of this study was to reach a better understanding of how minor mental health problems (MMP) are perceived in China by professionals practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and by well-educated people living in three urban locations. The results derive from interviews with three TCM doctors, three TCM students and eight other students. Psychological problems are separated into two different categories: “serious” and “not serious”. MMP are labelled not as disorders or illnesses but looked upon as ordinary problems in daily living or as “heart problems”. MMP seem to have less serious consequences according to the Chinese than from a modern Western perspective. “Problems of life” rather than sickness was the category that best summarized perceptions of MMP. TCM professionals’ advice to change lifestyle and most Chinese regulate by themselves less serious mental problems. Both lay people and TCM professionals associate serious problems with pathological mental function in a disease perspective. Some reasons for and consequences of these comprehensions are discussed.

Annual advances of Chinese minority traditional medicine in 2019

Traditional medicine systems practiced by various ethnic minorities represent an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.The past 12 months have witnessed extensive research pertaining to different Chinese minority traditional medicine(CMTM).The annual CMTM review evaluates research published during 2019 in different CMTM including Tibetan medicine,Uyghur medicine,Mongolian medicine,Korean medicine and Zhuang medicine.Research in the field of Tibetan medicine focused on pharmacology,pharmacy,plant sciences,medicinal chemistry and integrated complementary medicine and the top three countries were China,USA and India.Research in Uyghur medicine mainly pertained to chemistry,pharmacology,pharmacy,and food science technology and the publications were mainly from China.Research in Mongolian medicine mainly pertained to pharmacology,pharmacy,analytical chemistry,biochemistry,molecular biology and experimental research;the publications were mainly from China and Mongolia.In short,research related to traditional medicine of various ethnic minorities was mainly conducted in China and the neighboring countries.The research focus for each minority medicine is essentially on the effects and mechanisms of action of the active ingredients of the ethnodrugs and the special prescriptions or therapies.The generated evidence will facilitate further developments in this field.

Annual advances of Chinese minority traditional medicine in 2020

Chinese minority traditional medicine is a traditional medicine formed during the long-term medical practice of various ethnic groups and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in all ethnic groups in China.The unique meaning carried by Chinese minority traditional medicine makes it an inseparable and important part of traditional Chinese medicine.The rich clinical experience and theoretical studies with different Chinese minority traditional medicine provide new ideas and new methods for Chinese medicine development.The pieces of literature published in 2020 on the traditional application analyzed the phytochemical composition,pharmacological effects,and mechanisms of the different ethnic groups including Tibetan,Mongolian,Zhuang,Dai,and Uyghur medicines,among others.This study found that some projects were stalled or delayed due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in 2020 compared with 2019,resulting in a decrease in the number of articles in certain fields.However,studied on Chinese minority traditional medicine have shown an overall upward trend this year with the Tibetan,Mongolian,and Dai medicines as the top three.In addition,the Chinese minority traditional medicine application under the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic situation background was also summarized.Consequently,this study found that among the Chinese minority traditional medicine-related publications in 2020,publications using Chinese minority traditional medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 account for a certain percentage.Thus,this article systematically reviews and summarizes the related research of Chinese minority traditional medicine published in 2020 and provides references for future Chinese minority traditional medicine development.

Research hotspots and trends in Chinese minority traditional medicine during 2021:a visual bibliometrics analysis

Background:Chinese minority traditional medicine(CMTM)is an important component of Chinese traditional culture and medicine that has contributed to the health and prosperity of Chinese people of all ethnic groups.Although this type of medicine has attracted interest,its developmental trends and research status remain unclear.Therefore,we used literature metrology to evaluate the publications on CMTM during 2021 and explore hotspots and frontier areas.Methods:Reports associated with CMTM published between January 1,2021,and December 31,2021,were downloaded from the Web of Science database.The authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and other standard bibliometric indicators were analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace,and research hotspots and trends were identified.Results:We retrieved 152 CMTM-related publications,among which Tibetan medicine attracted the most interest.Journals covering alternative and complementary medicine topics were the most prevalent sources of reports about CMTM,particularly the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.Most research in this field was conducted in China and frequently published by traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities.One author,Yi Zhang,has extensively investigated Tibetan and Korean medicine.The keyword co-occurrence network revealed that investigations into ethnic groups mainly focused on the pharmacological activities and phytochemical components of ethnic medicines.The keywords of gut microbiota and autophagy in some publications reflect the direction of future CMTM investigations.Conclusion:Our findings showed the current status and trends in CMTM investigations.This information will help identify new research directions and hotspots in this field.

Post-infectious cough of different syndromes treated by traditional Chinese medicines:A review

The application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)has a history of more than 2000 years,which have the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target,and high safety.Post-infectious cough(PIC)is a respiratory disease with high incidence.It belongs to subacute cough and accounts for as much as40%–50%.Cough is the main clinical manifestation of PIC.PIC seriously affects people’s life quality because of complex etiology,long-term course of disease,treatment difficulties and other characteristics.Western medicines are based on the principle of symptomatic treatment,so they are often difficult to control PIC fundamentally.These factors could due to that PIC is prolonged and unable to heal repeatedly.TCMs have obvious advantages in treating PIC,with accurate curative effects,less side effects and adverse reactions and are effective in improving PIC-related symptoms and indicators,enhancing patients’life quality and reducing pain.TCMs,guided by holistic concept and syndrome differentiation,advocate determine treatment on the basis of pattern types,and have remarkable clinical treatment effects.As for TCMs etiology,pathogenesis and syndrome types of PIC,TCM scholars have not yet reached a unified standard.However,most of them think that wind pathogen can cause PIC alone,or it can be combined with other evils,which might be the main mechanism of PIC.This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of TCMs in PIC treatment from etiology,pathogenesis,distribution of syndrome types and treatment of TCMs.This article focuses on the treatment methods and pharmacodynamic material basis of wind pathogen,providing ideas in treating PIC of TCMs clinically and innovative drug development.

从风、毒论治白癜风临床应用研究进展

白癜风是一种难治性皮肤色素脱失性疾病,可发于全身各部位皮肤,皮损处颜色逐渐减退、变白。历代医家认为“风邪侵袭”其发病的关键所在,近年来,大量医家在风邪致病的基础上,认为毒邪内蕴是白癜风缠绵难愈的重要因素。风性善于行而数变,白斑发病迅速多与风邪有关;毒邪凶、顽、难、痼、杂的特点,亦阻滞局部气血,经络不通,白斑易诊难消。通过查阅整理大量文献,详细论述风邪、毒邪引起白癜风发病的机理以及中医药治疗方法,为中医辨证治疗白癜风的理论研究和临床应用提供新思路。

上海浦东某地脑卒中患者的中医分型特点及治疗情况分析

目的分析上海浦东某地脑卒中患者的中医分型特点及治疗情况,为该地区中医药防治脑卒中提供参考依据。方法收集2020年10月至2021年9月我院中医科的284例脑卒中患者为研究对象。对研究对象脑卒中进行中医辨证诊断,并依据证型给予辨证论治。分析脑卒中患者的中医证型及治疗效果。结果浦东某地男性脑卒中患者多于女性(P<0.05);不同性别患者的年龄比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别患者的偏瘫部位比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。284例患者的中医证型由多到少依次为风痰阻络证、阴虚风动证、气虚血瘀证、痰湿蒙窍证、痰火闭窍证、肝阳暴亢证及痰热腑实证。治疗后,风痰阻络证、阴虚风动证的美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,风痰阻络证的Barthel指数(BI)评分高于治疗前(P<0.05)。脑卒中患者的治疗总有效率为91.55%。结论浦东某地脑卒中男性患者多于女性,患病年龄小于女性,偏瘫部位与性别无关,中医证型诊断风痰阻络证型最多。现代医学规范化治疗方案结合中医药辨证论治对卒中预后有明显干预作用,中医治疗使用祛风化痰通络之法最多。

从风与痰论治儿童抽动障碍研究进展

儿童抽动障碍是临床上常见的神经精神障碍性疾病,近年来其患病率日趋增长。该病病程及治疗周期长,症状易波动、反复,常常对患儿的生活、学习、社交以及家长的工作、心理等方面造成不利的影响。中医药综合治疗此疾病具有一定的优势,诸多医家认为,从风与痰辨证论治此病,疗效显著,预后良好。

从“气化”浅述国医大师葛琳仪运用风药治疗脾胃病之学术思想

[目的]介绍国医大师葛琳仪教授(以下简称葛教授)分层次施用风药辨治脾胃病的临床特色及其临证经验。[方法]通过理论溯源,跟师随诊,整理并分析葛教授基于气化理论运用风药治疗脾胃系疾病的临床医案,总结葛教授巧施风药辨治脾胃病的思路、心得和用药特色,并附医案一则加以佐证。[结果]气化是生命的基本活动,气化异常是疾病产生的重要原因。葛教授指出,脾胃病的基本病机是“气化异常”,常从“气化”切入,巧施风药以调畅气机,恢复脾升胃降功能,维稳五脏气机,具体分为四个层次:以风药疏肝和脾、壮气运脾、燥湿健脾以及搜风通络养脾。常用的风药有柴胡、防风、黄芪、升麻、佛手、紫苏梗、苍术、娑罗子、桑叶、藿香、草果、厚朴、佩兰、徐长卿、炒僵蚕等及其组成的药对、药串。[结论]葛教授临证精于辨证,从“气”切入,按不同层次巧施风药治疗脾胃病,特色鲜明,疗效显著,其学术思想值得临床借鉴和推广。

四物润燥止痒合剂方治疗血虚风燥型老年皮肤瘙痒症临床研究

目的观察四物润燥止痒合剂方治疗老年皮肤瘙痒症(SP)的临床疗效和安全性。方法将120例老年SP患者按随机数字表法分为2组,治疗组60例在一般治疗的基础上采用四物润燥止痒合剂方治疗,对照组60例在一般治疗的基础上采用润燥止痒胶囊治疗,疗程4周,每2周随访1次,治疗结束后随访2个月,评估2组临床疗效和不良反应发生及复发的情况。结果治疗组58例完成全程治疗和随访,对照组56例完成全程治疗和随访。治疗2周后,2组的瘙痒程度评分较治疗前明显降低,且治疗组评分低于对照组同期(P<0.05);治疗4周后,2组的瘙痒程度评分进一步降低,治疗组仍低于对照组,但2组评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2周,治疗组有效率68.96%(40/58),对照组有效率50.00%(28/56),治疗组有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周,治疗组有效率82.76%(48/58),对照组有效率78.57%(44/56),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组止痒起效短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率5.17%(3/58),对照组不良反应发生率3.57%(2/56),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2个月后随访,治疗组复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论四物润燥止痒合剂方治疗血虚风燥型老年SP疗效显著,起效快,不良反应少,能显著减少复发,值得临床推广应用。

从“风火”论治变态反应性疾病思路

变态反应性疾病临床常见,其病位虽不同,但病机却有一定共性。总体而言,人体阴阳协调,则一气周流,如“春风”生养万物。一旦各种原因导致阳气郁而不升或逆而不降,疏布失常的“阳气”在人体内过度聚集,愈郁则愈欲疏泄,久积必终向外透解,如“风火”之邪侵及人体各处皮肤孔窍,则会出现相关部位的过敏症状。临床诊治中,根据变态反应性疾病发作的病机,常用熄风火以缓症状、透余热以防复发、养脉络以促复原、调五脏以兼标本等治法,并坚持以辨证为先、因势利导、急缓有异、清透兼施、整体局部辨证结合等为治疗原则,取得了良好疗效。文末列举一则验案加以说明,希望帮助读者更好理解和应用。

桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗神经根型颈椎病的效果观察

目的 分析桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法对神经根型颈椎病(风寒阻络证)的治疗价值。方法 回顾性分析126例于2021年5月至2023年6月天津市南开区中医医院诊治的神经根型颈椎病患者资料,均属风寒阻络证,以2021年5月至2022年3月诊治的63例患者为对照组,以2022年4月至6月诊治的63例患者为观察组,对照组行常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗。经4周治疗后,比较两组病情程度相关评分,颈椎活动度,血流动力学及临床疗效。结果 治疗后,观察组颈椎病临床评价量表(CASCS)评分明显较对照组高,简化McGill疼痛问卷量表(SF-MPQ)及颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分明显较对照组低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组颈椎活动角度明显较对照组大(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组基底动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)明显较对照组低,平均血流速度(Vm)明显较对照组高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组、对照组总有效率分别为92.06%、77.78%,观察组明显较高(P<0.05)。结论 桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗神经根型颈椎病(风寒阻络证),能促进病情改善,增大颈椎活动范围,调节血流动力学指标。

论风药在盆腔炎性疾病后遗症治疗中的应用

盆腔炎性疾病后遗症是妇科常见的慢性疾病,其成因复杂,病程长,缠绵难愈,对女性的生殖健康与正常生活都产生了严重影响。风药能祛除风疾并兼有风木属性,具有“升、行、透、窜、动”的特性,针对盆腔炎性疾病后遗症“湿、瘀、郁、虚”的病因病机,能从“助运胜湿、活血化瘀、开散气结、补而不滞”四个方面发挥协同作用。文章从盆腔炎性疾病后遗症的病因病机出发,探讨了风药在本病治疗中的机理及应用,并附验案一则,为该病的中医治疗提供参考。

中医药临床研究类科技成果评价指标体系研究

背景开展好中医药科技成果评价工作对推动中医药创新发展意义重大。既往的中医药科技成果评价常套用笼统的评价方法,造成指标不适用、维度单一等问题,不利于科学、全面地反映成果的多元价值。因此,新时期中医药科技成果评价亟需建立分类、多维度的评价指标体系。目的遵循我国新时期科技评价要求,针对中医药临床研究类科技成果,建立体现中医药规律、突出中医药优势的科学、分类、可靠、全面的评价指标体系。方法本研究开始于2022年11月,完成于2023年5月。基于对相关文献资料的梳理分析,结合专题小组讨论,初步形成指标框架;通过两轮德尔菲专家咨询,确定评价指标和评价要点;采用层次分析法,计算指标权重。结果最终确定的中医药临床研究类科技成果评价指标体系包含门槛指标10条,一级指标4条,二级指标17条,评价要点17条。经检验,两轮德尔菲法实施中专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.94和0.93,各级指标Kendall's W一致性检验双侧检验显著性P值均<0.05,表明专家积极程度、权威程度高,专家意见一致性强,咨询结果可靠。结论本研究围绕中医药临床研究类科技成果评价,构建了一套科学、合理、可靠、易操作的指标体系。指标涵盖范围广,权重区分度高,具有一定中医特色,有利于在全面考虑成果多元价值的同时凸显核心优势。同时,配套建设的评价要点一定程度上增强了指标体系的可操作性,可能为相关评价活动提供潜在参考。

1034例甲型流行性感冒患者中医证候特点的回顾性分析

目的:明确2023年春季望京地区甲型流行性感冒患者中医证候特点。方法:回顾性分析2023年2—3月中国中医科学院望京医院感染科1034例甲型流感患者临床资料,对其一般情况、中医四诊信息等进行频数统计分析。通过因子分析提炼甲型流感的中医证候要素;运用聚类方法总结甲型流感主要中医证型及分布规律。结果:1034例患者男539例,女495例,男女之比为1.09∶1;患者平均年龄(32.62±12.95)岁,14~44岁患者878例(84.91%),≥45岁患者156例(15.09%),2组在性别上差异无统计学意义(P=0.355)。排名前5位的临床症状为发热、咳嗽、咽痛、全身肌肉酸痛、头痛;舌象以舌质红、苔薄黄、苔薄白腻为主;脉象以脉浮数、脉数为主;14~44岁组发热程度高于≥45岁组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。通过因子分析明确病性涉及热、外风、湿、痰等病理因素,病位在卫表和肺,与脾和少阳有关;聚类分析提炼出3类证候分别为风热犯卫证(40.62%)、热毒袭肺证(35.98%)、表寒里热证(23.40%)。结论:2023年春季望京地区甲型流行性感冒中医证候以风热犯卫为主,病性总体以实为主,病位在卫表和肺,本研究结论可为今后流感中医诊治方案的优化提供理论依据。

基于国家专利的中药复方治疗癫痫的数据挖掘研究

目的基于数据挖掘研究中药复方专利治疗癫痫的用药及配伍规律。方法通过查询国家知识产权局专利公布网站中治疗癫痫的中药复方专利数据,运用Excel、Origin 2021、R 4.3.1、Cytoscape 3.9.1等软件进行描述性分析、关联规则分析、聚类分析和计算相关拓扑学属性值进行构建核心复杂网络。结果纳入治疗癫痫的中药复方专利共346项,涉及中药738味,用药频次前5味的中药分别是石菖蒲、天麻、全蝎、僵蚕、钩藤。药物类别以平肝息风药为主,聚类分析共得到2大类药物组合,共现网络得到核心组合石菖蒲-全蝎-天麻-僵蚕-钩藤;关联规则得到数据23条。结论本研究揭示了治疗癫痫的主要特点,即以平肝熄风、息风止痉、宁心安神为主的治疗方向结合与活血化瘀、健脾化痰等个体化的辩证诊治策略。这一发现旨在为中医药临床治疗癫痫提供了参考和借鉴价值。

祛风方治疗尿毒症性皮肤瘙痒的效果

目的探讨祛风方治疗尿毒症性皮肤瘙痒的临床效果。方法选取2021年1月—2023年1月上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院肾病科收治的慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)4~5期且符合尿毒症性皮肤瘙痒诊断标准的100例患者,随机分为2组,各50例。治疗组使用祛风方(自拟方+曲安奈德+硫代硫酸钠复方制成),对照组使用醋酸曲安奈德乳膏。对比2组患者治疗前后实验室检查指标,如血白细胞(white blood cells,WBC)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(N)、白介素-1β(interleukin 1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(interleukin6,IL-6),β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)等,并比较特应性皮炎评分表(scoring atopic dermatitis,SCORAD)及主要症状疗效率,综合评价疗效。结果2组患者治疗后SCORAD评分、主要症状疗效率、实验室检查指标均优于治疗前,且治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为82.00%,高于对照组的54.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论治疗组对尿毒症性皮肤瘙痒治疗的有效率优于对照组;此文的研究结果为慢性肾脏病相关性瘙痒症后期标准制定提供了借鉴内容。

IgA血管炎患儿中医证素与危险因素相关性研究

【目的】探讨IgA血管炎(IgA vasculitis,IgAV,也称过敏性紫癜)患儿中医证素与危险因素的相关性。【方法】回顾性分析131例IgAV患儿的病历资料,统计其中医证素分布特点,分析不同中医证素与性别、年龄、临床症状以及蚊虫叮咬、病原体感染、过敏性鼻炎等危险因素的相关性。【结果】(1)131例IgAV患儿中,涉及的病位证素有肺97例(74.05%)、脾61例(46.56%)、肾54例(41.22%)、肝17例(12.98%)、心11例(8.40%);病性证素有血瘀131例(100.00%)、风湿125例(95.42%)、风热90例(68.70%)、湿热72例(54.96%)、血热49例(37.40%)、气虚19例(14.50%)、阴虚3例(2.29%)。(2)性别方面,女性69例(52.67%),男性62例(47.33%),女性多于男性;年龄方面,患儿主要集中在5~6岁,其中,小于4岁10例(7.63%),4岁18例(13.74%),5岁39例(29.77%),6岁34例(25.95%),7岁17例(12.98%),大于7岁13例(9.92%);血瘀、风湿、风热、湿热等证素多见于5~7岁年龄段,阴虚证素多见于7岁以上年龄段,血瘀证素各年龄段均可见。(3)中医证素与危险因素相关性的Logistics回归分析结果提示:在IgAV患儿中,过敏性鼻炎与血瘀[OR=2.236,95%CI(1.049~4.007)]、湿热[OR=2.183,95%CI(1.554~3.671)]、风湿[OR=1.202,95%CI(1.050~2.409)]呈正相关,病原体感染与血瘀[OR=3.199,95%CI(1.457~4.101)]、湿热[OR=1.119,95%CI(1.072~2.009)]呈正相关,蚊虫叮咬与血瘀[OR=4.533,95%CI(1.029~9.022)]、湿热[OR=2.257,95%CI(1.081~13.207)]呈正相关,性别与血瘀[OR=1.352,95%CI(1.271~3.018)]、风湿[OR=1.149,95%CI(1.071~3.102)]呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】IgAV的病位以肺为主,与五脏相关,病机特点为前期以血瘀、风湿热等标实为主,后期以气虚、阴虚等本虚为主。在IgAV患儿中,蚊虫叮咬、病原体感染、过敏性鼻炎更容易导致血瘀、风湿热;风热、湿热、血热、气虚等证素男性总体上多于女性,血瘀、风湿、阴虚等证素女性总体上多于男性。

基于玄府理论解构升阳散火汤中风药之作用机理

基于玄府理论,阐述升阳散火汤的主治病机与风药的配伍特点,并将玄府理论中“通”的思想与风药的特性相结合,全面探讨方中风药宣玄升阳、通玄助运、开玄消郁、解玄散火、调玄蓄气5个方面的作用机理,以期为深入理解李东垣思想并指导临床提供理论参考。