Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free advantages.These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage.This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and supercapacitors.One of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure.It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration.Moreover,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated systems.These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field.By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

In situ luminescence measurements of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) film under different energy proton irradiations

Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.

棒状结构NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)上转换发光性能的研究

以乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTD-2Na)为螯合剂,采用水热法合成了棒状结构的NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粉末。分别借助X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和扫描显微镜(SEM)对其晶体结构、发光强度和表面形貌进行分析和表征。探究了稀土前驱体、水热温度和水热时间的实验条件对NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粉末上转换发光强度的影响;研究了氟源和钠源对NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)晶体形貌和上转换发光强度的改善;同时,采用煅烧处理的方法,进一步探究样品的形貌和发光强度收到的影响。实验结果表明NH4F与NaOH作为氟源和钠源及200℃煅烧1 h得到的棒状结构NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)的发光强度最好,色坐标(CIE)绿色发光强度从84%提升到94.88%。

高热稳定CaGdAlO_(4)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)荧光粉的上转换发光及其温度传感性能

获得具有良好热稳定性和发光性能的非接触式光学温度传感材料是目前的研究热点之一,本工作通过高温固相法制备了Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺CaGdAlO_(4)∶Er_(x),Yb_(0.10)(x=0.006、0.008、0.010、0.012、0.014)荧光粉,尺寸大小分布在0.6~4.2μm。在980 nm激光激发下,该荧光粉在500~700 nm发射谱由两个发射带组成,528和550 nm处两个较强的绿光发射带,归属于Er^(3+)的^(2)H_(11/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)、^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)能级跃迁,663 nm处较弱的红光发射带,归属于Er^(3+)的^(4)F_(9/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)能级跃迁。上转换发光强度最大组分为CaGdAlO_(4)∶Er_(0.010),Yb_(0.10)。300~573 K变温发射谱表明,基于荧光强度比FIR_(528/550)参数,温度传感绝对灵敏度S_(A)从44.4×10^(-4) K^(-1)(@300 K)先增大到52.0×10^(-4) K^(-1)(@445 K)随后减小到49.0×10^(-4) K^(-1)(@573 K)。相对灵敏度S_(R)则从0.95×10^(-2) K^(-1)(@300 K)单调减小到0.27×10^(-2) K^(-1)(@573 K)。冷热循环实验表明该材料的热重复性优于98%。结果表明,CaGdAlO_(4)∶Er_(0.010),Yb_(0.10)荧光粉在光学温度传感领域具有潜在的应用前景。

亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子的制备及其发光性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了油溶性稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+),并利用TEM、XRD、IR、荧光光谱法等考察了反应温度、反应时间、掺杂比等反应条件对纳米粒子形貌、结构、发光性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为300℃、反应时间为50 min、稀土离子掺杂比为NaYF_(4)∶20%Yb^(3+),2%Ho^(3+)条件下,制备出的油溶性NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子呈标准六方晶型,尺寸均一、单分散性好,平均粒径为31.55 nm。通过表面配体交换法成功将柠檬酸修饰在其表面,转为亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子。

LD脉冲泵浦Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体百kHz激光器

目前1.5μm激光二极管(Laser Diode,LD)泵浦的铒镱共掺玻璃/晶体被动调Q微型激光器广泛应用于激光测距、激光雷达等领域。随着激光器输出重频的增加,玻璃面临突出的热效应问题,晶体的热导率是玻璃的10倍以上,有望能够实现比玻璃基质更高重频的激光输出。报道了一种通过LD脉冲端面泵浦Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体的百kHz人眼安全激光器。通过实验优化增益介质掺杂浓度和长度、泵浦光斑尺寸和调Q晶体初始透过率等实验参数,同时适当缩短脉宽,优化泵浦占空比,提高了输出重频的稳定性。最终获得了重频为100 kHz、单脉冲能量0.7μJ、脉冲宽度240 ns、光束质量M^(2)=1.61的1537 nm脉冲激光输出。实现了输出脉冲频率与泵浦的一致,保证了输出重频的稳定性,有效解决了输出重频具有随机性、不稳定、不可控等问题。

Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体的增强红色上转换发光与光学温度传感性能

采用密封的坩埚下降法技术生长了一系列Lu^(3+)(摩尔分数0、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体。在980 nm LD激发下,观察到单晶体的绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F_(4)→^(5)I_(8))、红光656 nm(^(5)F_(5)→^(5)I_(8))以及近红外750 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I_(7))上转换发光。从上转换发光强度随激发光强度的变化情况,确定了543 nm、656 nm与750 nm的发光为双光子跃迁过程。研究了Lu^(3+)离子掺杂浓度对其发光强度与荧光寿命的影响情况,随着Lu^(3+)掺杂浓度从0增加到1.8%,单晶体中的656 nm红光逐步增强,543 nm绿光与750 nm近红外光随之减弱,红绿光强度比从0.01增加到了1.55,而543 nm荧光寿命从1.29 ms降低至0.99 ms。Lu^(3+)离子的掺入取代Y^(3+)晶格位,改变了单晶体的局域场环境,导致上转换发光强度的变化。基于随温度变化的上转换红光656 nm(^(5)F5→^(5)I8)与绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I8)的发光强度变化,研究了1.8%Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体在298~448 K范围内的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度最大值分别为0.242%·K^(-1)和0.217%·K^(-1)。

不同激发波长下NaLaF_(4):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)的上转换光谱调控研究

为探究不同激发波长(980 nm、1 550 nm)对NaLaF_(4):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)上转换发光材料光谱调控的规律和机理,采用水热-固相两步反应法合成一系列不同Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)掺杂浓度的NaLaF_(4)荧光粉。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光分光光度计对材料进行测试,分析其发光性能与机理。结果表明,样品在980 nm激发下呈绿色发光,上转换发光强度随Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)掺杂浓度增加而呈现先增后减的规律,该发光过程为双光子过程;而在1 550 nm激发下呈红色发光,上转换发光强度随Er^(3+)掺杂浓度增加而呈增强趋势,但随Yb^(3+)浓度增加而降低,发光过程为三光子过程。因此,通过调节激发光波长,在同组分NaLaF_(4):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)荧光粉中实现颜色可控的绿、红色发光,对设计新型光谱调控手段和探索新的发光材料具有一定的理论指导意义。

溶剂热法制备NaScF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)及其发光性能的研究

利用溶剂热法在油酸(OA),正辛醇(OC)及乙二醇(EG)三溶剂中成功制备出NaScF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)纳米颗粒。调节三种溶剂的不同比例观察对样品晶相、结构、尺寸及发光强度的影响。此外,我们使用了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、荧光光谱仪对样品进行了表征。通过XRD证明在OA、OC、EG分别为16mL,12mL、4mL时成功合成出了纯相的NaScF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)纳米颗粒。SEM图进一步证明样品形貌均匀,分散性较好,粒径较小,颗粒尺寸为37.62±9.36nm。此外,样品的荧光光谱表明样品在980nm激光激发下能发射出红色荧光。因此,该方法下制备的NaScF_(4):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)尺寸较小,形貌较均匀,拥有强的红色发射且该材料有望用于生物成像、信息储存,防伪等领域。

GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)和GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)荧光粉的上转换发光特性研究

为了探究Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)分别共掺杂在GdVO_(4)和GdPO_(4)两种基质材料的发光差异性,采用高温固相法制备GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)和GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)上转换发光材料。并采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy,Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和荧光光谱对材料的结构、组成、形貌和上转换发光性能进行测试分析。结果表明,合成样品均是纯相,GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品形状为不规则块状;GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品为米粒状。在980 nm激发下,两种样品都存在绿光和红光发射。与掺杂相同浓度的GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)相比,GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品的红绿比较大,色度坐标更接近红光,在生物成像领域具有更大的应用潜力。

Extending the solid solution range of sodium ferric pyrophosphate:Off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)as a novel cathode for sodium‐ion batteries

Iron‐based pyrophosphates are attractive cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries due to their large framework,cost‐effectiveness,and high energy density.However,the understanding of the crystal structure is scarce and only a limited candidates have been reported so far.In this work,we found for the first time that a continuous solid solution,Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)(0≤α≤1,could be obtained by mutual substitution of cations at center‐symmetric Na3 and Na4 sites while keeping the crystal building blocks of anionic P_(2)O_(7) unchanged.In particular,a novel off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)is thus proposed,and its structure,energy storage mechanism,and electrochemical performance are extensively investigated to unveil the structure–function relationship.The as‐prepared off‐stoichiometric electrode delivers appealing performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 83 mAh g^(−1),a working voltage of 2.9 V(vs.Na^(+)/Na),the retention of 89.2%of the initial capacity after 500 cycles,and enhanced rate capability of 51 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 1600 mA g^(−1).This research shows that sodium ferric pyrophosphate could form extended solid solution composition and promising phase is concealed in the range of Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2),offering more chances for exploration of new cathode materials for the construction of high‐performance SIBs.

动态缺陷导致Na_(3)Sc_(2)(PO_(4))_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)材料上转换和下转移发光不同热猝灭行为研究

掺Eu^(2+)的离子导体Na_(3)Sc_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)具有优异的抗热猝灭性能,是一种很有前景的大功率照明用发光材料。然而,其负热猝灭机理仍有待深入研究。本文以Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)的f-f跃迁上转换和下转移窄带发射而非更易受干扰的Eu^(2+)d-f跃迁发射为研究对象,旨在获得更清晰的机理。结果表明,热致缺陷/离子的动态迁移能促进高温下辐射跃迁和抑制非辐射跃迁,导致上转换发光具有显著的负热猝灭,下转移发光热猝灭较小。其中,布居速率较慢的上转换过程更容易受到时间尺度与之相当的Na^(+)/空位迁移过程的影响。本研究可为理解发光材料热猝灭机制提供另一种视角。

Polypyride intercalation boosting the kinetics and stability of V_(3)O_(7)·H_(2)O cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

V_(3)O_(7)·H_(2)O(VO)is a high capacity cathode material in the field of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),but it is limited by slow ion migration and low electrical conductivity.In this paper,polypyridine(PPyd)intercalated VO with nanoribbon structure was prepared by a simple in-situ pre-intercalation,which is noted VO-PPyd.The total density of states(TDOS)shows that after the pre-intercalation of PPyd,an intermediate energy level appears between the valence band and conduction band,which provides a step that can effectively reduce the band gap and enhance the electron conductivity.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT)results found that Zn^(2+)is more easily de-intercalated from the V-O skeleton,which proves that the embeddedness of PPyd improves the diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+).Electrochemical studies have shown that VO-PPyd cathode materials exhibit excellent rate performance(high specific capacity of 465 and 192 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2 and 10 A g^(-1),respectively)and long-term cycling performance(92.7%capacity retention rate after 5300 cycles),due to their advantages in structure and composition.More importantly,the energy density of VO-PPyd//Zn at 581 and 5806 W kg^(-1)is 375 and 247 W h kg^(-1),respectively.VO-PPyd exhibits excellent electrochemical properties compared to previously reported vanadium based cathodes,which makes it highly competitive in the field of high-performance cathode materials of AZIBs.

NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)∶Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)发光粉的合成与上转换发光性质

采用水热法合成了系列NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)∶Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)上转换发光粉。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和上转换发光光谱仪等对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行表征。结果显示,合成的样品均具有四方晶系NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)结构;pH对样品的形貌有影响;980nm红外光激发下,NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)∶Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)上转换发光粉显示来自于Er^(3+)的^(2)H_(11/2)→^(4)I_(15)和^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)跃迁产生的绿光发射和4I 9/2→4I 15/2跃迁产生的红光发射。比较各样品的发光强度和绿光/红光相对积分强度比,结果显示上转换发光强度和绿光/红光相对积分强度比与晶粒尺寸、晶粒表面形貌,以及Er^(3+)和Yb^(3+)掺杂浓度有关。讨论了可能的上转换发光过程,并计算了样品的色坐标。

Yb^(3+)/Nd^(3+)掺杂对Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶Cr^(3+)发光性能的影响

近红外荧光粉由于其独特的物理特性和广阔的应用前景吸引了人们极大的研究兴趣。本文通过高温固相反应法合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉,使用460 nm蓝光激发样品的发射波长位于833 nm,半峰宽为117 nm。随后引入稀土离子合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)和Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)近红外荧光粉。相比Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),460 nm蓝光激发的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)同时出现Cr^(3+)和Yb^(3+)特征发射峰,经过光谱分析和荧光寿命变化证明Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)存在能量传递通道,最高使Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)能量传递效率达80.2%,得益于Yb^(3+)卓越的热稳定性促使整体荧光光谱热稳定性提高约3.7倍。设计合成的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_7∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)样品调制出833,876,1 060 nm的多峰发射,显著拓宽了近红外光谱范围。最终,讨论了荧光粉在温度传感和无损检测领域的应用,证明该系列荧光粉具有广阔的应用前景。

Solid-state NMR study on sodium intercalation at low voltage window for Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) as an anode

In-situ XRD,^(31)P NMR and ^(23)Na NMR were used to analyze the interaction behavior of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) at low voltage,and then a new intercalation model was proposed.During the transition from Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) to Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions insert into M1,M2 and M3 sites simultaneously.Afterwards,during the transition of Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)to Na_(5)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions mainly insert into M3 site.

Robust Cross-Linked Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) Full Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have rapidly risen to the forefront of energy storage systems as a promising supplementary for Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)as a common cathode of SIBs,features the merits of high operating voltage,small volume change and favorable specific energy density.However,it suffers from poor cycling stability and rate performance induced by its low intrinsic conductivity.Herein,we propose an ingenious strategy targeting superior SIBs through cross-linked NVPF with multi-dimensional nanocarbon frameworks composed of amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes(NVPF@C@CNTs).This rational design ensures favorable particle size for shortened sodium ion transmission pathway as well as improved electronic transfer network,thus leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and superior cycling stability.Benefited from this unique structure,significantly improved electrochemical properties are obtained,including high specific capacity(126.9 mAh g^(-1)at 1 C,1 C=128 mA g^(-1))and remarkably improved long-term cycling stability with 93.9%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C.The energy density of 286.8 Wh kg^(-1)can be reached for full cells with hard carbon as anode(NVPF@C@CNTs//HC).Additionally,the electrochemical performance of the full cell at high temperature is also investigated(95.3 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 1 C at 50℃).Such nanoscale dual-carbon networks engineering and thorough discussion of ion diffusion kinetics might make contributions to accelerating the process of phosphate cathodes in SIBs for large-scale energy storages.

Y_(2)O_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)上转化荧光纳米粒子在潜指纹显现中的应用

文章通过高温煅烧方法制备出Y_(2)O_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粒子,通过XRD、TEM和元素面扫描对其特性进行研究。通过该方法成功制备出Y_(2)O_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粒子,该纳米粒子具有较好的分散性,尺寸约为100 nm。在980 nm近红外光的激发下,产生绿色和红色两个发光带。Y_(2)O_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)在980 nm近红外光的激发下,可以有效地显现红色纸盒和绿色塑料卡片等带有颜色干扰的非渗透性客体表面的潜指纹,由于激发波长为近红外光,可以完全避免背景荧光的干扰,最大程度上显现指纹的一级和二级结构特征。此外,在与商品红色荧光粉末的比较研究中发现,在有荧光特性的渗透性客体表面的潜指纹显现中,Y_(2)O_(3):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粒子具有优势,呈现出更加清晰的指纹轮廓和纹线,可以有效消除背景花纹的干扰,具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。

Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Effects of anti-CD4 antibody treatment on calcium ions influx in peanut-sensitized C3H/HeJ mice

The precise mechanism underlying the effects of anti-CD4 antibody and calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) in peanut allergy remains unknown.C3 H/HeJ mice sensitized with peanut protein extract(PPE)were injected with anti-CD4 antibodies for 4 weeks.Stimulation with PPE increased the specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),cytokine,histamine,and mMcp-1 levels,upregulated decorin(Dcn)expression,induced Ca^(2+) inflow in the spleen,and augmented the expression of the transcription factors GATA-3 and Foxp3,which resulted in Th2 and Treg cell activation.Notably,the Ca^(2+) levels were positively correlated with the histamine,interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels,and negatively correlated with IL-10 levels.However,administration of anti-CD4 antibodies markedly alleviated allergic symptoms,activated T cells,and reduced Ca^(2+) inflow,cytokine,histamine,mMcp-1,and the IgHG3,CXCLI2,MMP2 and FABP4 gene.Our results indicated that anti-CD4 antibodies can ameliorate PPE-induced allergy,which is probably related to the suppression of Ca^(2+) inflow,and inhibiting histamine,cytokine and IgHG3,CXCL12,MMP2,and FABP4,thus exerting a protective effect against PPEsensitized food allergy.