The well-documented decrease in the discharge of sediment into the Yellow River has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield bas...The well-documented decrease in the discharge of sediment into the Yellow River has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield based on data from 46 hydrological stations in the sediment-rich region of the Yellow River from 1955 to 2010. The results showed that since 1970 sediment yield in the region has clearly decreased at different rates in the 45 sub-areas controlled by hydrological stations. The decrease in sediment yield was closely related to the intensity and extent of soil erosion control measures and rainstorms that occurred in different periods and sub-areas. The average sediment delivery modulus(SDM) in the study area decreased from 7,767.4 t/(km^2·a) in 1951–1969 to 980.5 t/(km^2·a) in 2000–2010. Our study suggested that 65.5% of the study area with the SDM below 1,000 t/(km^2·a) is still necessary to control soil deterioration caused by erosion, and soil erosion control measures should be further strengthened in the areas with the SDM above 1,000 t/(km^2·a).展开更多
Based on the study of ancient maps preserved in China and abroad,the systematic nature and practical meaning of the maps of the Yellow River and Grand Canal is demonstrated.It is pointed out that the ancient maps not ...Based on the study of ancient maps preserved in China and abroad,the systematic nature and practical meaning of the maps of the Yellow River and Grand Canal is demonstrated.It is pointed out that the ancient maps not only record the spatial information of the established water conservancy engineering for river harnessing but also the management systems of the rivers in history.Besides,the maps provide abundant information on nature,humanity,and geography and possess high value in academic research and art appreciation.展开更多
生态系统服务是支撑经济社会发展和人类生存条件的要素,其中水生态系统服务对于维持人类生产生活以及生态环境等都具有重要意义。然而,目前对流域水生态服务研究相对薄弱。基于InVEST(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and t...生态系统服务是支撑经济社会发展和人类生存条件的要素,其中水生态系统服务对于维持人类生产生活以及生态环境等都具有重要意义。然而,目前对流域水生态服务研究相对薄弱。基于InVEST(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade offs)模型量化了山西黄河流域2000—2020年的产水量、水源涵养和水质净化服务的时空分布格局。探讨了气候条件和土地利用与产水量、水源涵养和水质净化服务之间的关系。结果表明:(1)近20 a,流域的产水量出现了波动上升的变化,且高峰值的出现在2020年,达152.37 mm。在空间上产水量分布差异明显,高值区范围扩大,低值区范围缩小。土地利用和气候变化共同影响山西黄河流域产水服务时空变化。气候变化对流域产水服务的贡献率远大于土地利用变化。(2)近20 a,流域水源涵养量与产水量变化趋势基本一致,整体呈波动上升趋势。高峰值的出现在2020年,达100.32 mm。空间上,林地水源涵养量增加最多,其次为草地,降水量大且蒸散相对较小的地区水源涵养能力显著高于其他地区。相比土地利用,气候因素对水源涵养量的影响更大。(3)在水质净化方面,同时期流域N、P输出量呈现逐年递减的态势,在2020年N、P输出量均达到最低值,分别为0.4739 kg·hm^(-2)和0.0366 kg·hm^(-2)。空间上,山区和丘陵地区的N、P输出量显著低于平原和盆地。人类农业活动特别是对农业用地中化肥的广泛投入是造成水环境污染的主要原因,同时伴随城市化发展的不透水地面的扩张也会对研究区水质净化造成一定的影响。研究结果可为山西黄河流域水生态系统保护及生态补偿与流域科学管理提供参考。展开更多
基金funded by the Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZZD-EW-04-03-04)the National Science-technology Support Plan Project (2006BAD09B10)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-406)
文摘The well-documented decrease in the discharge of sediment into the Yellow River has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield based on data from 46 hydrological stations in the sediment-rich region of the Yellow River from 1955 to 2010. The results showed that since 1970 sediment yield in the region has clearly decreased at different rates in the 45 sub-areas controlled by hydrological stations. The decrease in sediment yield was closely related to the intensity and extent of soil erosion control measures and rainstorms that occurred in different periods and sub-areas. The average sediment delivery modulus(SDM) in the study area decreased from 7,767.4 t/(km^2·a) in 1951–1969 to 980.5 t/(km^2·a) in 2000–2010. Our study suggested that 65.5% of the study area with the SDM below 1,000 t/(km^2·a) is still necessary to control soil deterioration caused by erosion, and soil erosion control measures should be further strengthened in the areas with the SDM above 1,000 t/(km^2·a).
文摘Based on the study of ancient maps preserved in China and abroad,the systematic nature and practical meaning of the maps of the Yellow River and Grand Canal is demonstrated.It is pointed out that the ancient maps not only record the spatial information of the established water conservancy engineering for river harnessing but also the management systems of the rivers in history.Besides,the maps provide abundant information on nature,humanity,and geography and possess high value in academic research and art appreciation.