Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

The correlation between liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients in the Yemeni population has been evaluated. This is a case-control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects were carried out at the outpatient clinics of Ibn-Sina hospital, Mukalla, during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. Independent sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P ≤ 0.0001), total cholesterol (P ≤ 0.0001), LDL-C (P ≤ 0.0001), and GGT (P ≤ 0.0001) while HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P = 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG (r = 0.216;P ≤ 0.0001), total cholesterol (r = 0.196;P = 0.0001), triglyceride (r = 0.123;P = 0.038), and LDL-C (r = 0.209;P ≤ 0.0001). Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG (r = 0.145, P = 0.014) and triglyceride (r = 0.172, P = 0.004). In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are used as the predictive biomarkers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

Petroleum Exploration in the Yemeni Red Sea and Offshore Area (Tihama Basin)

The Red Sea is a pericratonic upper Tertiary basin which developed on the continental margin of Arabia. It is characterized by halokinetic tectonics in the upper structural stage and block-Rifting in the lower structural stage. This margin is overprinted on a Pre-rift Mesozoic platform. Hydrocarbon exploration interest in the Yemeni Red Sea sector and Offshore area (Tihama Basin) is based on three objectives, which cross pond to stages in geotectonic evolution; Mesozoic Pre-rift targets; Miocene Syn-Rift Salt targets; and upper Miocene-Pliocene Post-rift drift sequences. Reservoirs with appropriate sealing units ( salt or shale ) have been recorded. Models of source rock maturation using observed geothermal gradients are consistent with analytical results, and prove of oil and gas generation. Most traps are described as faulted, fault-blocks, listric-faults or structural. The evaporite group mainly consists of Halite and Anhydrite, that exhibits a strong halokinesis affecting a structural style-of Infra and Intra evaporite sequences in offshore (Tihama basin ).

Evaluation of the chemical constituents,antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties

Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties namely Esmaeli,Hamadi,Harazi,Mattari,Odaini and Yafei.Antioxidant(phosphomolybdenum,antiradical,reducing power and ferrous chelating),and enzyme inhibition activity of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase,tyrosinase,α-glucosidase,andα-amylase were also studied.Quantification of total phenols revealed that all green beans varieties were richer in their total polyphenolic(63.77-110.98 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract)content than their flavonoids one(2.86-5.57 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract).HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 30 selected bioactive compounds showed that all varieties had the same types of phytoconstituents with differences in their relative abundance.Caffeine(1613.89-2466.38μg/g)followed by 5-caffeoylquinic acid(1017.63-1313.39μg/g)were the dominant compounds in all varieties with caffeine more abundant in Esmaeli variety while 5-caffeoylquinic acid in Odaini variety.All varieties displayed a pronounced antioxidant property in all the in vitro assays with Odaini variety significantly(p<0.05)exerted the highest anti-DPPH radicals(253.96 mg Trolox equivalent(TE)/g),metal chelating(19.73 mg Disodium edetate equivalents/g),Cu^(2+)(441.11 mg TE/g)and Fe3+(221.04 mg TE/g)reducing activities.Furthermore,the majority of green coffee beans varieties showed comparable enzyme inhibition property with highest activity recorded against tyrosinase(39.35-46.96 mg kojic acid equivalents/g)and acetylcholinesterase(1.80-2.17 mg galanthamine equivalents/g)enzymes.In conclusion,all Yemeni green coffee beans varieties have proven to be rich source of biochemicals with beneficial impact on human health and could be of significant applications in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.

Formulation and Evaluation of Yemeni Potash Alum as Hydrophilic Topical Preparations against Candidiasis and Aspergillosis

Background:Skin and soft tissue infections are frequent.Candidiasis and Aspergillosis are the most common cutaneous fungal infections.Yemeni alum(Aluminium Potassium Sulphate)is a natural mineral with antifungal and antibacterial properties.Objective:This study aimed to confirm Yemeni alum’s antifungal effectiveness against selected fungal strains and develop useful topical formulations.Methods:Using different alum concentrations,we prepared twenty-three formulations,including four non-adjusted aqueous solutions,eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions,eight glycerite solutions,and three Oil/Water cream formulations.Then,we examined the antifungal activity against the suggested fungus.The animal skin irritation test evaluated the local skin sensitivity reactions that might happen upon using the formulations we pre-pared on the intact animal’s skin.Additionally,this study also included six weeks of stability testing to estimate the expected shelf life(t90)of the selected formulations.Results:Alum exerted antifungal effect against Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger,and Aspergillus flavus.The animal’s skin was not irritated by any of the formulations examined.The 5%alum aqueous solution and the 10%alum Oil/Water cream exhibited promising results among all tested formulations.The approximate formulation’s shelf-lives(t90)were 2 and 1.52 years with alum content(%)ranging between 105.75%to 106.02%,respectively.Conclusion:Based on the results we found,10%alum Oil/Water cream is a promising formulation for large-scale manufacture.

Applicability of public sector reform initiatives of the Yemeni government from the integrated TOE-DOI framework

Effective resource allocation and accountability are critical for public services in countries facing a crisis,to ensure minimum inequality and even save lives.Administrative innovation is introduced as public sector reform to improve the performance and accountability of public sector organizations.Despite the said benefit,little has been done to study public administrative innovation in countries under crisis.This study extends the literature by examining the attitude of civil service managers to the administrative innovation in the Yemeni government representing a country in crisis from an integrated perspective of technology-organization-environment(TOE)and diffusion of innovation(DOI)theory.Data was collected from a survey of 200 civil service managers of the Yemeni central government.The result shows that the attitude of managers to private sector management style is scored the highest representing the key tool of the public administrative innovation.On the other hand,the downsizing elements were ranked the least significant as public sector reform elements.The explanatory model highlights the use of information technology,quality of human resources,and budget management orientation as significant factors for the applicability of public administrative innovation in the Yemeni central government.

后“阿拉伯之春”时代的国家建构路径——基于“突尼斯模式”与“也门模式”的比较研究

从武装力量集中度、国家税收权威性、权力来源合法性、外部干涉程度等四个方面出发,对后革命时代的也门与突尼斯国家建构路径进行比较分析,可以发现:武装力量集中化、国家税收权威化、权力来源合法化与较低外部干预是国家建构取得成功的关键。反之,则会给建构进程带来障碍,"也门模式"便是一个例证。突尼斯虽然在武装力量整合与合法性构建方面取得巨大成绩,但革命过去五年后,国家税收能力迟迟没有得到提升,而且在经济状况因严峻的反恐形势不断恶化背景下有愈演愈烈之势。因此,目前"突尼斯模式"尚显脆弱,危机重重。

The Strong Continuity Hypothesis: Evidence from Arabic-speaking children data

This paper examines the acquisition of subject-verb agreement inflections in the natural speech corpus of two mono-lingual children speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)between 2 and 3 years old.The two children are Ibrahim and Wala(between the age of 2;1 and 2;10)with Mean Lenghth of Utterance(MLU)range of 2.72 to 3.23 for Ibrahim and 2.9 to 3.27 for Wala.YIA,as a variety of Arabic,has rich and complex morphological system with a fusional type.Verbs are inflected with tense and agreement.Each verbal inflection is marked for person,number,and gender agreement.However,this paper attempts to explore how agreement forms are acquired by YIA-speaking children and examines when YIA children distinguish between first,second,and third person agreement,singular and plural,masculine and feminine agreement forms.The paper argues that agreement inflections(person,number,gender)are available to children early,thereby supporting the Strong Continuity Hypothesis(Lust,1999).Moreover,the results give evidence to Wexler’s Hypothesis(1998),Very Early Knowledge of Inflection(VEKI),which says that children know the grammatical and phonological properties of inflections in a language in the earliest stages when they enter the two-word stage.Similarly,this study tests Hoekstra and Hyams’(1995)Early Morpho-syntactic Convergence(EMC)which proposed that children acquire the specifics of inflections of the target language at an early stage.

Menopause among Yemen Women

Introduction: Age at menopause, influencing factors associated, symptoms related and protective health behavior vary among populations. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to estimate the age at menopause, identify associated factors, assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and relate protective health behavior among Yemeni women. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 women naturally menopause aged 40 - 60 recruited from women community Centres in Sana’a city. Results: The mean age at menopause was found to be 47.8 ± 1.2 years. Significant influencing factors were genetic, biological, physical characteristics, weight, height, BMI, and physiological characteristic, such as menarche age, reproductive history, parity and abortion. Socioeconomic status had no significant influence. Most prevalent menopausal symptoms were hot flushes and sleep problems. The great majority of the women did not practice any special protective health behavior. Conclusion: Further studies on menopause phenomena are needed. Protective health behavior education efforts are made to increase women knowledge about menopause and promote menopausal women quality of life.

The Acquisition Phenomenon of Null and Overt Subjects in the Early Speech of Arabic-Speaking Children

This paper examines the early acquisition of null subjects and overt subjects and how they are distributed and realized in the early speech of Arabic dialect-speaking children.①The study accounts for the phenomenon of subjects by examining a longitudinal corpus of two children,Wala and Ibraheem,who were around two years old,speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)dialect.The production and elicited production data collection methods were used in the study to collect the corpus during five months.The results of the study showed that null-subjects appear with a high proportion compared to the overt subjects.It was found that null subjects and overt subjects in the speech of Ibraheem and Wala had a similar distribution in the imperfective and the perfective,of which 86-87%are null subjects and 12-14%are overt subjects.The paper examined the widespread linguistic phenomenon of Null Subject Parameter acquisition,(Rizzi,1982;Hyams,1986,1989)that is emergence of null subjects in line with overt subjects.The paper supports Hyam’s(1982)argument on the acquisition of Null Subject Parameter where we can find children acquire null subjects early around 2 years of age.In contrast to non-null subject languages(like English),Null Subject Languages(NSLs)like Arabic happen to have null subjects appear more frequently and this is due to the rich inflectional morphology of NSLs.

也门社会党意识形态演变论析

自1963年成立以来,也门社会党的意识形态经历了由初期的阿拉伯民族主义、纳赛尔主义和马克思列宁主义的杂糅,到坚持马克思列宁主义,再到主张民族主义和伊斯兰主义,最后转向社会民主主义。也门社会党意识形态演变的主要动因包括党内斗争、国内政治经济环境的影响和国际力量的干预等。目前,也门社会党意识形态面临理论缺陷、吸引力降低、实用主义导向等挑战和威胁。未来,也门社会党的发展在一定程度上取决于能否将自己的意识形态融入到也门伊斯兰社会中并进行理论创新,以赢得民众的支持。

非也门籍劳动者在也门共和国的雇佣制度研究

也门《劳动法》对企业雇用非也门籍人取得劳动许可、职业领域做出了具体规定,从法律上确认了其在也门合法就业的资格。本文将针对非也门籍劳动者的雇佣制度、法律适用进行研究,以期明确非也门籍劳动者的法律保障,同时分析非也门籍劳动者在适用也门《劳动法》过程中可能出现的矛盾、冲突与风险,进而对我国公民在也门就业的保护提出建议。

伊斯兰改革集团对也门政治发展的影响

伊斯兰改革集团源自穆斯林兄弟会在也门的早期活动,1990年正式成立。伴随着也门政党政治的发展,20世纪90年代以来,伊斯兰改革集团选择以组建联合政府、参加选举的合法方式参与政治和影响政府决策,政治活动较为温和,属于也门主流的伊斯兰政党。该党领导层的分裂与碎片化,导致其内部缺乏统一的政治和行动策略,政治立场摇摆不定。从该党人员构成看,部落成员是其重要的组成部分,由此它与部落关系密切。伊斯兰改革集团历经政权异见者、联合政府组建者,再到反对党派的身份转变。改革集团的政治活动推动了也门民主化进程,同时其"融入性"发展路径为也门众多政治伊斯兰政党和组织合法参政提供了现实路径。