The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning inYenisei river sediments downstream frommining-and-chemical combine rosatom

Discharges from the Mining-and-Chemical Com- bine (MCC) of Rosatom, downstream from Krasnoyarsk-26, near of the Krasnoyarsk resulted in radioactive contamination of sedi-ments of the River Yenisei. The concentration of artificial gammaemitting radionuclides (137Cs, 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am) was determined to analyze the migration processes leading to the transport of these radionuclides. The concentration of artificial radionuclides in the surface layers of the studied area varied in wide ranges: 137Cs – 318 - 1800 Bq/kg, 60Co – 87 - 720 Bq/kg, 152Eu – 12 - 287 Bq/kg and 241Am – 6 - 76 Bq/kg. There was a sequence of migration of radionuclides investigated in the surface layer of sedi-ments that were collected in the near zone of influence of the MCC: 241Am ≈ 152Eu >60Co >137Cs. Radionuclide species have been found to be directly related to sediment structure and composition.

A Study of Sediments and Radioactive Particles of the Yenisei River Using a Variety of Analytical Methods

The Yenisei River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by a Russian nuclear facility producing weapon-grade plutonium, which has been in operation for many years. Examination of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of radioactive discharge from the Mining-and-Chemical- Combine (MCC) nuclear facility: isotopes of europium (152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), cesium (137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co, 90Sr, and transuranium elements. The MCC is also a source of radioactive particles in the Yenisei. New data on radionuclide concentrations in sediments and radioactive particles in the Yenisei River were obtained using a wide range of analytical methods. Sequential extraction performed on samples of sediment cores showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides and uranium. In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel. These microparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and their reactor origin was confirmed.

Radiation-Chemical Situation of the Waters of the Middle Reach of the River Yenisei （Russian Federation）

The results of monitoring the radiation-chemical situation in the middle reach of the Yenisei River located in the nearest zone of the influence of the Mining and Chemical Combine of Rosatom have been described in the paper. Using different physico-chemical methods, it has been found that uranium and tritium content in the water exceeds the background values of the flood plain of the River Yenisei. It has been shown that a wide range of radionuclides of different genesis flows into the waters of the Yenisei River. It has been demonstrated that radionuclides are transported by the water flow in the form of molecular solution or with suspended matter. In this case, the suspended matter consists of pelitic finely dispersed mineral particles, plant and organic detritus and living biological objects （for example, worms）. It has been shown that the main contribution to radionuclide and metal accumulation is made by humic substances covering the panicles of the suspended matter and actively participating in the formation of complexes with radionuclides and heavy metals. As a result of this work, the artificial radionuclide inflow into the ecosystem of the River Yenisei has been evidenced.

1951—2015年叶尼塞河流域水文气象要素演变特征

叶尼塞河是亚洲北部具有代表性的河流之一。以叶尼塞河流域为研究对象,采用Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验方法、小波分析法和滑动T检验,诊断了该流域1951—2015年水文气象要素的演变规律以及变化的阶段性特征。结果表明:1951—2015年,该流域的实测流量和降水量均呈现显著性增加趋势,平均线性增加率分别为437(m^(3)/s)/(10年)和5.2 mm/(10年);气温呈显著性升高趋势,平均线性增加率为0.283℃/(10年);年平均流量要素序列的突变主要发生在1983年,流域年平均流量、降水量和气温都存在一个3~4年的振荡周期。

“中蒙俄经济走廊”和“冰上丝绸之路”陆河联运可行性分析

作为联通东亚、西欧和北美三大经济中心的通道,“冰上丝绸之路”存在可优化的空间。“中蒙俄经济走廊”和“冰上丝绸之路”陆河联运路线(以下简称陆河联运路线)的提出能够优化“冰上丝绸之路”,使其更为直接、经济、可靠。陆河联运路线是纵向联通“冰上丝绸之路”和“中蒙俄经济走廊”的可行性运输通道。提出(1)“中蒙俄经济走廊”到“冰上丝绸之路”之间存在3条潜在可行的陆河联运通道,分别是:①西线:中国乌鲁木齐—哈萨克斯坦—俄罗斯新西伯利亚—鄂毕河—萨列哈尔德—北冰洋鄂毕湾;②中线:中国北京—蒙古乌兰巴托—俄罗斯伊尔库茨克—克拉斯诺亚尔斯克—叶尼塞河—杜金卡—北冰洋迪克森;③东线:中国大连—哈尔滨—俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克(海兰泡)—雅库茨克—勒拿河—北冰洋季克西港。(2)东线的运输距离最短、时间最少,相比于传统运输通道也更节省成本,可作为下一步的研究重点。

打破鄂尔浑河传统:论公元840年以后黠戛斯对叶尼塞河流域的坚守

一直以来,许多研究内亚历史的学者相信,在公元840年回鹘汗国覆灭后,获胜的黠戛斯依照内亚的政治传统,建立了一个包含蒙古高原,特别是鄂尔浑河流域的帝国。而鄂尔浑河流域正是先前许多游牧帝国传统的"中心地带",包括被打败的回鹘汗国。这些学者进一步认为,大约80多年后,黠戛斯被924年进入蒙古的契丹大军逐出了这一地区。这一系列推论很大程度上是基于错误的假设和非常不充分的证据,它们是站不住脚的。对西方学术界关于这一课题所做研究的考察展示了这种错误认识是如何形成的;此外,对可用证据——文献的,考古的,地理的——细致的考察揭示出,在打败回鹘汗国后,黠戛斯最多只对鄂尔浑河流域进行了短暂而无关紧要的控制。因为一系列因素,黠戛斯人留在了位于南西伯利亚叶尼塞河上游地区的故土。当10世纪契丹势力向鄂尔浑河流域扩张时,他们并没有在那里遭遇黠戛斯人。

叶尼塞河流域界线

叶尼塞河(英文:Yenisei;俄文:Енисе?й)流域是指叶尼塞河与安加拉河(又称上通古斯卡河)、中通古斯卡河、下通古斯卡河、克姆契克河、阿巴坎河、图巴河、坎河等支流的汇水区域。叶尼塞河起源于蒙古境内的库苏古尔湖以南,在源头由伊德尔河和木伦河汇合,向下鄂尔浑河汇合为色楞格河。出贝加尔湖后为安加拉河。然后几乎沿95°E-85°E经线由南向北流,在喀拉海入北冰洋。

叶尼塞河流域海拔高度分类数据集

叶尼塞河流域海拔高度分类数据集是在叶尼塞河流域界线数据基础上,选取ASTER GDEM2和GoogleEarth数字高程数据,经过数据除噪、数据异常剔除和数据融合等数据处理过程,按照流域高程分类指标划分得到。叶尼塞河流域海拔高度划分10个类别,大部分地区处于山地和高原。北部为海拔低于200m的西西伯利亚平原和北西伯利亚低地,中部和南部是中西伯利亚高原和萨彦岭等山地。数据采取.tif格式存储。压缩后数据量112 MB。