Traditional Chinese medicine “Qing Yi Tang” alleviates oxygen free radical injury in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM To observe the changes in oxygen free radical (OFR) and the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine 'Qing Yi Tang' in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).METHODS After induction of ANP by injection of sodium taurocholate into pancreatic duct, 16 dogs were randomly divided into control group and Chinese medicine group. Serum amylase, SOD and MDA were determined on postoperative day 1, 2, 4 and 7. The animals were sacrificed on day 7. SOD and MDA in organs were determined, and pathological changes in pancreas were observed.RESULTS As compared with control group, the serum level of amylase (734U/L vs 2783U/L) and MDA (7.8nmol/ml vs 14.8nmol/ml) in Chinese medicine group were decreased on day 7 (P＜0.05), while SOD increased significantly (281nU/ml vs 55nU/ml, P＜0.01), and similar changes occurred in MDA and SOD in organs, especially in the pancreas; the pathological changes in the pancreas were alleviated as well.CONCLUSION 'Qing Yi Tang' is effective in clearing OFRs and alleviating pathological changes in ANP.

Pharmacognostic Identification of Yi Medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae

[Objectives] To identify original plant and traits of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae,and provide experimental data for its identification and application. [Methods] The original plant,traits,and microscopic identification were used. [Results] Essential identification characteristics of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae: small leaf was 1-2. 5 cm long,while the gynophore was 4-8mm long when bearing fruit; traits mainly included characteristic odor,strong and bitter taste,and spicy flavor; microscopic exclusive identifying characteristics: rich aleurone grain in the root; leaf had lysigenous secretory cavity,and non-glandular hairs and oil droplets were common. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae( Ebazema) has distinctive identifying characteristics in original plant,traits,and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for Yi medicine Ebazema,and to provide basis for its further research and development.

Total Coumarin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Different Parts of Obazema, a Yi Medicine

[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the total coumarin content and antioxidant activity in vitro of Obazema,a Yi Medicine.[Methods]The extraction process of coumarin from Obazema was optimized by response surface method,and the total contents of coumarin in different sources and different parts of Obazema were compared.With Vc,chlorogenic acid and citric acid as positive controls,the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of different parts of Obazema was determined.[Results]The optimum extraction process for coumarin from Obazema were as follows:80%ethanol,solid to liquid ratio 1∶67,extraction time 120 min and extraction temperature 57℃.The total contents of coumarin in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruit of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl.and B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.were 7.75,6.50,33.45 and 44.35,and 8.1,4.6,17.8 and 18.7 mg/g,respectively.The free radicle-scavenging activity of coumarin from Obazema had certain dose-effect relationship,and was slightly stronger than that of the positive drugs.Under the phenanthroline-Fe ^2+method,the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>citric acid>chlorogenic acid;under the DPPH method,the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>chlorogenic acid>citric acid;and under the ABSTS+method,the free radicle-scavenging capacity ranked was in the order as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>chlorogenic acid>citric acid.[Conclusions]There are significant differences in coumarin content between different sources and different parts of Obazema.When coumarin is used as the main active substance,Obazema is better harvested during the flowering period,and the free radicle-scavenging activity of B.sessilicarpa Levl.is higher than that of B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.The antioxidant activity of the flower-fruit ethanol extracts of B.sessilicarpa Levl.and B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.is stronger than that of the commonly used antioxidants such as Vc,chlorogenic acid and citric acid,which is related to antioxidant components in the ethanol extracts.

Quality Evaluation of Yi Medicine "Qibujing" Based on Determination of Water Content and Ash Content

[Objectives]To determine the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material"Qibujing",so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province.[Methods]According to the second method(drying method)in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),it was determined,respectively,and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system.[Results]All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%under"Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)"in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard.There was a negative correlation between water content,acid-insoluble ash content and altitude,and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude.[Conclusions]It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%.

Rethinking Yi’an(Medical Cases)as a Tool for Narrative Medicine in China

When narrative medicine(NM)was introduced into China,traditional Chinese medicine scholars found that the core concepts advocated by NM are manifested in Chinese yi’an.But why NM echoes with ancient Chinese yi’an?How can we better integrate NM into Chinese medical practices?To answer those questions,this article first investigates how NM establishes itself as a remedy to biomedicine by taking traditional healing models including TCM as its ideal Other.Then,the narrative traditions of both case histories and yi’an are examined respectively.This article argues that NM is searching for a lost tradition of narrative case histories,but yi’an functions as a living tradition of TCM.The Parallel Chart in NM,designed as a complement to the dehumanized hospital chart,is still based on a dichotomy of science and art and a conflictual doctor-patient model.But yi’an exemplifies the holistic and humane healthcare that NM hopes to achieve.A comparison of both genres also inspired us to rethink the genre of yi’an in NM.Thus,it is concluded that yi’an should be viewed as an epistemic genre integrating individualization and generalization,a bridge linking medicine and literature.And narrative yi’an can well serve as a tool for NM in China.It is also proposed that a thick description of yi’an be encouraged to further promote a pluralistic NM in China.

Quality Standard of Yi Herb Medicine Millettia dielsiana

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Yi herb medicine Millettia dielsiana.[Methods]Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana was qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and thin layer identification.The content of total isoflavones was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were checked according to the method introduced in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).[Results]The microscopic identification features,including stone cells,fiber bundles,calcium oxalate square crystals,starch granules,pigment blocks,ducts,etc.,were distinct.A TLC method for identification of M.dielsiana was established.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract should be no more than 13%,no more than 7%,no more than 0.5%and no less than 6%in 10 batches of samples,respectively.The total isoflavones of M.dielsiana based on genistein(C_(15)H_(10)O_(5)) should be no less than 0.25%.The linear relationship of genistein was good in the range of 0.002-0.007 mg/mL(R^(2)=0.9996);the average recovery was 97.01%and the RSD was 2.62%.[Conclusions]The method is simple,accurate and well-reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana.

Study on the Forming Process of Yi Medicine Tongfeng Granules

[Objectives]To optimize the forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.[Methods]The forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules was optimized,with paste density,ethanol volume fraction,and type and proportion of excipient as influencing factors,and granule formability,solubility,moisture absorption,and angle of repose as evaluation indicators.Critical relative humidity(CRH)was investigated to select optimal storage conditions.[Results]Maltodextrin was selected as the excipient,and the best process parameters was the ratio of drug to excipient at 1∶2(g/g),under which the forming rate,solubility,moisture absorption rate,and angle of repose were 81.38%,98.90%,8.81%,and 27.5°,respectively.The critical relative humidity was 72%.[Conclusions]The forming process adopted is reasonable and feasible,and can provide a reference for large-scale production of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.

Content Features of Medical Journal Zhong Xi Yi Xue Bao(《中西医学报》The International Medical Journal)during the Republican Period and Its Impact on Medicine

As a medical jourmal during the republican period,Zhong Xi Yi Xue Bao(《中西医学报》The International Medical Journal)was characterized by rich and popular content,wide range of know ledge,and better popularization.It had played an important role in spreading modem Western medicine and popularizing medical knowledge in China,promoted the development of modern Chinese medicine and its integration with Western medicine,thus provided essential research value and far-reaching influence for medical science.

A Brief Introduction of Yi Xue Shi (《医学史》 History of Medicine)

The book Yi Xue Shi(《医学史》History of Medicine)was written and edited by Cecilia Mettler and Fred Mettler couple,published in 1947.The book is about the literature research of systematic introduction to the history of medical development worldwide.The book provides a detailed description of the development of various medical disciplines and subjects through various documents and the authors and publication dates.Especially,Prof.Mettler has introduced the Chinese Yin and Yang(阴阳)and the five element theory(五行学说)and Shen Nung’s Materia Medica(神农本草)in this book.

Identification of Yi Medicine Mubaribo

[Objectives] To identify original plant and traits of Yi medicine Mubaribo( Verbenae herba) and provide effective experimental data for its identification and application.[Methods]The original plant,traits,and microscopic identification were used.[Results]Stem was square,the edges of basal leaves usually had rough saw teeth and notches; most cauline leaves were three parted,edges of lobes have uneven saw teeth,both edges had hard hair; spikes were terminal and axillary,thin and delicate; corolla was light purple to blue. Epidermal cells of stem were long polygonal or quasi-rectangular,vertical wall was straight with pores; lower epidermal cells of leaves were vertical to wall and took on wavy bending; pores were infinitive or anisocytic; 3-5 subsidiary cells; 4 glandularscale head cells,stalk single cell,non-glandular single cell; pollen grains were quasi-circular or quasi-triangular,smooth surface,and 3 germination apertures. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Mubaribo has distinctive identifying characteristics in original plant,traits,and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for Yi medicine Mubaribo,and to provide basis for its further research and development.

Wang Jimin(王吉民)and History of Chinese Medicine(《中国医史》)

Wang Jimin was not only a distinguished medical historian in modem China and an academician of the International Academy of the History of Science but also an originator of the first Museum of Chinese Medical[History and of the Chinese Medical History Society.This study briefly introduces Wang’s family academic history,his groundbreaking achievements in studies on medical history and the first monograph of History of Chinese Medicine(English edition)in China.It also reviews the foundation of the first Museum of Chinese Medical History.

Pharmacognosy Identification of Yi Medicinal Material Campanula colorata

[Objectives] To study the original plant,traits and microscopic identification for Yi medicinal material Campanula colorata,and provide experimental data for its identification and medicinal use. [Methods] Plant identification,trait identification,powder identification and paraffin slice identification were adopted in the study. [Results]It was found that the original plant of Campanula colorata was characterized by stiff hairs,slightly thicker root than stem,serrated leaf margin,tubular bell-shaped corolla and blue-purple color; traits were featured by odorlessness,and bitter taste after slight sweetness; the microscopic identification characteristics were that the laticifer was sporadic,containing reddish brown or yellow brown materials,and the oil droplets and nonglandular hairs were common. [Conclusions] The original plant,trait and microscopic identification characteristics were obvious for Yi medicinal material Campanula colorata,which could provide a reference for developing quality standards and identifying the original plant of Campanula colorata,and provide the basis for further research and development.

半夏曲传统制作工艺沿革探讨

该文对半夏曲传统制作工艺的沿革进行了探讨。宋代半夏曲的制作方法包括半夏姜汁制饼与制饼后发酵两种,以半夏姜汁制饼为主流。金元时沿袭宋代工艺,半夏曲的应用具有一定的局限性。明代医家对半夏曲的炮制机理进行了阐发,认为“片则刀峻,曲则力柔。”明代李时珍对半夏饼与半夏曲的混淆问题进行了澄清,韩懋的《韩氏医通》收载了5首半夏曲方,对半夏曲配方的扩充具有划时代的意义。清代医家在继承《韩氏医通》半夏曲方的基础上,总结为韩飞霞制曲十法;当时的半夏曲与神曲的制作工艺相互影响。建国后,半夏曲的地方炮制经验深受清代影响,地方炮制规范逐渐趋同。该文同时对半夏曲炮制工艺中的“半夏”与“曲”孰重孰轻、半夏的前期处理、半夏饼与半夏曲的概念区分、面粉用量与添加时机、神曲粉的加入、白矾在半夏曲中的作用等问题进行了思考。

基于徐荣谦教授的《神魂意魄志论》探讨孤独症谱系障碍的中医康复诊疗

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的发生涉及多个脏腑功能失调。徐荣谦教授所提出的“神魂意魄志论”可解释ASD的多种核心临床表现,通过深入分析神魂意魄志的功能,挖掘出本病的发生与“五脏神”相关,尤其与心神、肝魂、脾意、肾志的联系密切。临床中将这一“形神并治”的理论体系用来指导治疗ASD能使形气相得,获得较好疗效。

新安医家程樑《引经证医》学术思想探析

程樑是清代著名新安医家,沉于经典,勤于临床,将所思、所感系统整理、总结,于1873年著成《引经证医》。文章从该书医学理论体系构建的角度出发,探寻其学术思想,包括阴阳四时五行,构建哲学基础;独重脾胃,明确藏象核心;详论六气,阐发病因病机;形色脉参,形成综合诊断;内外同治,展现多元治疗等五个方面。《引经证医》论理明晰,以经典理论为指归,临证圆活,以审机施治为目标,是理论结合实际的尚佳范例,其学术思想值得后来者研究与学习。

乳腺癌“应激治乳”新理论的构建与临床应用探讨

应激是生物体对内、外源性刺激的一种非特异的适应性反应,有助于维持机体内环境稳态。然而当应激反应的程度超过机体适应阈值,即可诱发多种疾病。乳腺癌发病率和死亡率高居女性恶性肿瘤前列,乳腺病领域首位国医大师林毅教授创立“六郁治乳”理论,认为六郁是乳腺癌发生发展的核心病机,而六郁与机体应激反应系统密切相关,中医药在调整应激稳态平衡领域有特色优势。该文基于中医经典理论、“六郁治乳”理论及现代应激理论,提出“应激治乳”学说,阐释应激因素介导乳腺癌发生发展的病机特性、致病特点、分子机制,提出基于应激稳态调控的核心思想和辨治原则,总结“应激治乳”理论指导下的遣方用药。“应激治乳”理论的构建丰富了中医乳腺癌理论体系,有望为改善乳腺癌患者的临床预后提供新路径。

中医药临床研究类科技成果评价指标体系研究

背景开展好中医药科技成果评价工作对推动中医药创新发展意义重大。既往的中医药科技成果评价常套用笼统的评价方法,造成指标不适用、维度单一等问题,不利于科学、全面地反映成果的多元价值。因此,新时期中医药科技成果评价亟需建立分类、多维度的评价指标体系。目的遵循我国新时期科技评价要求,针对中医药临床研究类科技成果,建立体现中医药规律、突出中医药优势的科学、分类、可靠、全面的评价指标体系。方法本研究开始于2022年11月,完成于2023年5月。基于对相关文献资料的梳理分析,结合专题小组讨论,初步形成指标框架;通过两轮德尔菲专家咨询,确定评价指标和评价要点;采用层次分析法,计算指标权重。结果最终确定的中医药临床研究类科技成果评价指标体系包含门槛指标10条,一级指标4条,二级指标17条,评价要点17条。经检验,两轮德尔菲法实施中专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.94和0.93,各级指标Kendall's W一致性检验双侧检验显著性P值均<0.05,表明专家积极程度、权威程度高,专家意见一致性强,咨询结果可靠。结论本研究围绕中医药临床研究类科技成果评价,构建了一套科学、合理、可靠、易操作的指标体系。指标涵盖范围广,权重区分度高,具有一定中医特色,有利于在全面考虑成果多元价值的同时凸显核心优势。同时,配套建设的评价要点一定程度上增强了指标体系的可操作性,可能为相关评价活动提供潜在参考。

彝族医药研究现状与思考

彝族医药是彝族文化的结晶,也是我国少数民族医药的重要组成部分。彝医药在漫长的历史长河中护佑着彝族人民的生命健康,发展至今仍有独特的文化内涵和临床效应。从彝族医药的研究现状、资源保护与利用、彝族医药发展中面临的问题三个方面进行归纳总结,并提出相应的对策,以期为彝族医药进一步发展提供参考。

《张氏医通》向导药探析

向导一词在《张氏医通》中共出现27次。张璐运用向导药属于引经药的拓展应用。或仅作舟楫,载引他药发挥功效;或以己之效,引领他药共除邪气;或以痘儿之衣为胎毒之向导,载毒入内可为痘苗。选用与邪气性质相同的药物、与药物误用所伤一致的药味、治病证独具良效的药品作为向导药,可拓展传统引经药选用原则,可为医者提供另一种组方思路和思辨模式,对提升临床疗效有指导意义。

脐灸配合健脾益气通便汤治疗儿童功能性便秘的疗效观察

目的观察脐灸配合健脾益气通便汤治疗儿童功能性便秘的临床疗效及其对中医症候积分、肠道微生态和血清肠神经递质的影响。方法将106例儿童功能性便秘患者随机分为治疗组56例和对照组50例。治疗组采用脐灸配合健脾益气通便汤治疗,对照组采用单纯口服健脾益气通便汤治疗。观察两组治疗前后各项主要症状评分、中医症候积分、肠道微生态(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量)及血清肠神经递质[一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、P物质(substance P,SP)、生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)]水平的变化情况,比较两组临床疗效及治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果两组治疗后各项主要症状评分、中医症候积分及血清NO、SS水平均较同组治疗前显著下降,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量及血清SP水平均显著上升,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后各项主要症状评分、中医症候积分及血清NO、SS水平均明显低于对照组,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量及血清SP水平均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后总有效率及治疗期间不良反应发生率分别为96.4%和5.4%,对照组分别为84.0%和8.0%,两组总有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脐灸配合健脾益气通便汤治疗儿童功能性便秘疗效确切,可改善患者各项临床症状和中医症候,纠正肠道微生态紊乱,调节肠道菌群,纠正肠神经递质水平。