The influence of high-yield-water characteristics on productivity of CBM wells and expulsion and production method carried out in Yanchuannan block of the Ordos basin, China

In order to further study the influence of high-yield-water on the productivity of CBM （coalbed methane） wells and the expulsion and production method carried out in CBM wells, by means of analyzing and researching production characteris- tics and geologic condition of the CBM wells with high water yield in Yanchuannan block located at the eastern margin of Or- dos basin, the mechanism of high water yield decreasing the productivity of CBM well was discussed, and the expulsion and production method for this type of CBM well was proposed. The results show that high water yield would decrease the produc- tivity of CBM wells, and the mechanism is： first, in some circumstances, high water yield could reflect that there was dissipa- tion during the process of coalbed methane reservoir forming, which would lower the gas saturation of coal gas reservoir and reduce the productivity of CBM well; second, a large quantity of coalbed methane dissipated in the form of solution gas, caus- ing the practical reservoir pressure when gas appeared in casing to be lower than critical desorption pressure of the coal bed; finally, the CBM well with high water yield would have higher requirements of discharge and mining installation, system and continuity, and any link with problems would have a great impact on the well＇s productivity and would increase the difficulty of discharge and mining. In the case of wells with high water yield, the key is to select applicable discharge and mining installa- tion, which should be able to make the bottom hole flowing pressure decline smoothly and fast, and make the wells produce gas as quickly as possible but able to slow down the rate of discharge and mining properly when gas has appeared. In addition, in view of the CBM wells with high water yield, an installation lectotype method based on Darcy＇s law was proposed, which was found with good accuracy and practicability through field application.

Evapotranspiration, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.) under Semiarid Climate

Spring oat (Avena sativa) is produced for grain, hay, and green manure and can be integrated into a cropping system as a cover crop. Twenty-eight oat genotypes (G1, G2, G3, …., G28), selected for their adaptability to the Southwestern United States, were evaluated for their yield performance under sprinkler irrigation during four growing seasons (2005-2008) at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, New Mexico State University. The genotypes were arranged in randomized complete blocs design with four replications. Irrigation scheduling was based on evapotranspiration and the depletion criterion of 40% to 45% total available water (TAW) was practiced to prevent the plants from experiencing any water stress. Crop evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration approach was low about 2 mm/day during crop initial stage and increased with plant growth and reached the maximum during crop mid-season or reproductive stage. It decreased during crop late season. Daily crop evapotranspiration varied from 0.5 to 12.6 mm in 2008 and the seasonal Spring oat evapotranspiration varied from 535.8 to 591 mm. Averaged across the four growing seasons, oat evapotranspiration was 570.4 mm. The results showed that Spring oat plant height varied significantly with genotypes and ranged from 59.1 to 100.8 cm. Oat grain yield significantly varied with years and genotypes. Grain yield varied from 3386 to 6498 kg/ha and average yield was 4245, 4265, 5477, and 4025 kg/ha during the 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The best performing genotypes were G1, G2, G7, G19, G20, G21 and G23 with average yield greater than 4800 kg/ha while G3, G13, G17 and G27 showed the lowest yield among the genotypes. Oat crop water use efficiency (CWUE) varied with genotype and years and ranged from 0.53 to 1.07 kg/m3 and averaged 0.65, 0.78, 0.91 and 0.70 kg/m3 in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest CWUE was achieved by G19 and the lowest CWUE was obtained by G13. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) which represents the quantity of yield produced per cubic meter of water, varied from 0.57 to 1.20 kg/m3 while evapotranspiration water use efficiency (ETWUE) varied with genotype and year and ranged from 0.57 to 1.21 kg/m3 with the overall IWUE mean of 0.83 kg/m3 and ETWUE mean of 0.81 kg/m3.

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock by Multiple Harvests for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Sweet sorghum has become an important feedstock for bioethanol production. Total sugar yield and multiple harvests can directly affect ethanol production cost. Little is known about stem traits and multiple harvests that contribute to sugar yield in sweet sorghum. Stem traits were evaluated from 25 sweet and grain sorghum accessions. Stems were harvested twice at the soft-dough stage and the stems were pressed with a hydraulic press. Sugars in the stem juice were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Sweet sorghum produced five times more fresh stem weight and dry stem mass (830 gand164 g) than grain sorghum (150 gand27g). Sweet sorghum produced a much higher volume of juice and higher yield of sugars (366 ml and42 g) per stem than grain sorghum (70 ml and4 g). Significant variability in fresh stem weight (72 - 1837 g), juice volume (31 - 753 ml), sugar yield (3 - 81 g), dry stem mass (14 - 383 g), and sugar yield/dry stem mass ratio (0.11 - 0.53) per stem was detected among sweet sorghum accessions. Stem sugar yield was significantly correlated with stem fresh weight and juice volume. Sorghum was harvested twice within one growing season resulting in some sweet sorghum accessions producing double amount of sugars. Sweet sorghum produced three times more dry mass weight (bagasse) than fermentable sugar weight. To reduce feedstock cost, methods have to be developed for efficiently utilizing bagasse. Our results showed high fresh stem weight, high ratio of sugar yield to dry stem mass, and double harvests are prime traits to boost sugar yield. Sweet sorghum may be suitable for multiple harvests in certain regions of theU.S.TheU.S.sweet sorghum collection needs to be screened for acces- sions that can be harvested twice with an extended feedstock-production season and used as a feedstock for sustainable and renewable bioenergy production.

Sources of Nitrogen in Combination with Systems of Irrigation Influence the Productivity of Modern Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Cultivars during Dry Season in Sub-Tropical Environment

In irrigated agricultural systems,nitrogen(N)and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change.The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N management on the productivity of irrigated rice cultivars.In the context,a field observation was done at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh,during dry seasons in consecutive two years(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The experiments were set up following split-plot design assigning water management in the main plots,nitrogen management in the sub-plots,and the cultivars were approved in the split-split plot with three replications.After two years observation,it was revealed that rice cultivar Binadhan-8 gave the maximum value of leaf area index,number effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1 which lead to the higher grain yield(GY).Substantial relationships were observed among the concentration of N,growth,total dry matter(TDM)and N content,N uptake,N utilization effectiveness,and GY.However,with little exception,the Combined effect of water and N,cultivars and water management were varied significantly for all parameters.Finally,the results of the current study concluded that application of irrigation at 8 days after the disappearance of ponded water and source of 105 kg N ha-1 from PU+Poultry manure are the best management approach for the excellent performance of rice cultivar Binadhan-8.

南粳系列超级稻品种灌浆期光合产物的分配特性

【目的】研究南粳系列超级稻灌浆期光合产物转运和分配及相关基因表达量的变化特性及其与对照品种的差异,总结南粳系列超级稻高产的生理优势,为优质高产粳稻的培育提供理论依据。【方法】采用南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908和南粳5055为研究对象,以淮稻5号为对照,在孕穗期、开花期以及开花后每隔7 d至成熟期测定剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质分配和转运,以及剑叶和籽粒发育不同时期物质转运相关基因的表达量,统计产量差异。【结果】南粳系列超级稻产量和千粒重高于淮稻5号,其剑叶净光合速率在孕穗期和花后28 d显著高于淮稻5号。在物质转运方面,南粳系列超级稻开花后茎叶干重、叶片输出量、输出率和转运率显著高于淮稻5号,其中南粳5718叶片输出量和输出率最高。南粳5718剑叶中与淀粉降解和糖类代谢相关基因(OsSPS1,OsSUT2,OsGWD1)的表达比其他品种启动早,最高表达量也高于其他品种。籽粒中SWEET基因在灌浆早期的蔗糖转运过程中扮演重要角色,中后期OsPK3、OsSUT1、OsSUT2基因在糖类的运输卸载中发挥重要作用,OsAGPL2和OsDPE1基因在中后期淀粉合成中发挥重要作用,南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908籽粒中与淀粉合成和糖类运输的相关基因在不同时期的表达量显著高于淮稻5号。【结论】南粳系列超级稻较高的产量在物质转运方面主要有以下特征:茎秆和叶片物质积累量多,穗积累量大,叶片和茎秆物质转运率高;叶片中蔗糖代谢和转运相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在源端的合成、装载和转运;籽粒中蔗糖转运和淀粉合成相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在库端的卸载及籽粒中淀粉的合成。

塔里木盆地顺北油气田少井高产地质工程一体化做法与关键技术

塔里木盆地顺北油气田埋藏深度为7300~9000m,脆性地层破碎形成的缝洞型储层沿高陡走滑断裂带发育,断裂破碎带内部非均质性极强,且流体性质差异大。面对这类超深复杂的断控缝洞型油气藏,高效成井面临世界级挑战,单井费用高,效益开发难度大,没有现成的经验、技术可借鉴。顺北油气田以项目管理为抓手,建立了独有的“五有五提升”地质工程一体化管理模式,创新形成了“少井高产”七要素关键技术。近几年,少井高产地质工程一体化实现了质的飞跃,落实了4号、8号断裂带2个亿吨级资源阵地,新增石油探明储量为1.53×10^(8)t、天然气探明储量为1620×10^(8)m^(3),4号断裂带共部署井位20口,两年建成了130×10^(4)t油当量产能阵地。与2016年开发动用的1号断裂带相比,高产井成功率提升了35%、单井产能提升了316%、单井发现探明储量提升了55%,实现了高效勘探,效益开发,其经验对其他同类型油藏开发具有较好的借鉴意义。

科创债券是否存在发行溢价?——来自中国债券市场的实证研究

本文基于2021—2023年我国债券市场发行的科创债券数据,使用科创债券与普通债券匹配的方法构造研究样本,并构建计量模型考察了科创债券的发行溢价效应。实证分析结果显示,科创债券一级市场发行存在显著的溢价效应,科创债券发行利率较普通债券高27个基点。同时,目前科创债券发行主体主要为高评级企业,而主体资质较弱的科技型中小企业获得债券融资的机会较少。积极引导各类市场投资主体参与科创债券业务,有效降低科创债券发行溢价。此外,要加快中国版高收益债券市场建设,打通科技型中小企业债券融资渠道。

黑糯玉米品种炎黑糯2134的特征特性分析

为全面了解炎黑糯2134的品种特征特性,分别运用产量位次、区域适应度、变异系数、高稳系数和回归系数等参数,对炎黑糯2134的丰产性、稳产性和适应性进行分析,并对该品种品质及抗病性进行评价。结果表明,炎黑糯2134在2年区试中平均产量18 267 kg/hm^(2),较对照晋单(糥)41号增产9.9%,丰产性好;该品种2年产量变异系数19.78%,高稳系数81.47%,区域适应度90%及回归系数1.04,具有较好的稳产性和广泛的适应性;该品种品质综合评分91.50分;对玉米常见病害抗性较好。该品种适宜在山西省鲜食玉米区种植。

福建两系杂交稻制种安全高产的精细气候适宜性区划

利用福建省67个国家气象观测站1971-2020年气象资料以及地理信息资料、两系杂交稻制种基地调查资料,构建了两系杂交稻制种育性转换敏感期气候风险模型与风险等级指标、扬花授粉期天气综合危害指数模型与等级指标两个安全期气候区划指标,选择不育系育性转换起点温度23℃开展研究,基于两系杂交稻制种气候适宜性分区等级标准,采用多层复合方法,开展基于GIS的福建省两系杂交稻制种安全高产精细气候适宜性区划。结果表明:育性敏感期安排在7月上旬-下旬、7月中旬-8月上旬,扬花授粉期安排在8月上旬-中旬,适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔300m以下的区域,次适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔300-500m的区域;育性敏感期安排在7月下旬-8月中旬、8月上旬-下旬,扬花授粉期8月下旬-9月上旬,适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔400m以下的区域,次适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔400-500m的区域;育性敏感期安排在7月上旬-8月下旬,扬花授粉期安排在8月上旬-9月上旬,低适宜区分布在海拔500-1000m的区域,不适宜区分布在海拔1000m以上区域。

高产和低产奶牛甲烷产量和产甲烷菌多样性的比较研究

试验通过探究高产和低产奶牛不同泌乳阶段甲烷产量和产甲烷菌多样性的变化规律,从瘤胃微生物菌群结构变化的角度揭示高产和低产奶牛甲烷产量不同的原因,并将产甲烷菌的相对丰度与甲烷产量、产奶量和乳品质进行相关性分析。试验采用双因素试验设计,选用36头健康状况良好,体重、胎次和饲养管理条件相近的荷斯坦奶牛,按泌乳性能(高产、低产)和泌乳阶段(前期、中期、后期)分为高产泌乳前期组、高产泌乳中期组、高产泌乳后期组、低产泌乳前期组、低产泌乳中期组和低产泌乳后期组,每组6头奶牛。所有奶牛饲喂相同的全混合日粮。选用甲烷产量预测模型计算甲烷产量,运用高通量测序技术测定瘤胃产甲烷菌多样性。结果显示,高产奶牛甲烷产量显著低于低产奶牛(P<0.05),奶牛泌乳前期甲烷产量显著高于泌乳中期和后期(P<0.05)。高产奶牛瘤胃产甲烷菌Shannon指数显著低于低产奶牛(P<0.05),Ace指数、Chao指数和Simpson指数与低产奶牛无显著差异(P>0.05)。高产奶牛瘤胃甲烷球形菌属相对丰度显著高于低产奶牛(P<0.05),甲烷短杆菌属相对丰度显著低于低产奶牛(P<0.05)。奶牛泌乳前期和中期瘤胃甲烷球形菌属相对丰度显著高于泌乳后期(P<0.05),奶牛泌乳后期甲烷短杆菌属相对丰度显著高于泌乳前期和中期(P<0.05)。奶牛瘤胃甲烷球形菌属相对丰度与甲烷产量和乳脂率等呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与产奶量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,高产奶牛甲烷产量、瘤胃甲烷短杆菌属相对丰度低于低产奶牛,奶牛泌乳前期甲烷产量高于泌乳中期和后期。

High production-yield solid-state carbon dots with tunable photoluminescence for white/multi-color light-emitting diodes

Plastic waste is generally resistant to natural degradation and has become a major environmental pollution problem globally. The pollution of ecosystems seriously affects the health and survival of organisms,including humans. Much attention has been paid to finding suitable ways to convert plastic waste into high-value-added carbon materials. To this end, we report the high production yield(60%–85%) of carbon dots(CDs) for solid-state fluorescence(SSF) obtained by a one-step solvothermal method using waste expanded polystyrene as the precursor. The SSF mechanism of the CDs was also explored. Their emission wavelength, with a large full width at half maximum of 150–200 nm, exhibited tunable photoluminescence from white to yellow and orange. CDs powder was used to fabricate single-component white and multi-colour light-emitting diodes on UV chips. Overall, plastic waste was converted into tunable solid-state fluorescent CDs powder, which has promising applications in carbon-based lighting, by a simple solvothermal method that provides a viable method for recycling plastic waste.

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉丰优3号的选育及制种技术

嘉丰优3号是嘉兴市农业科学研究院联合中国水稻研究所、浙江可得丰种业有限公司,以嘉禾112A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与G1143(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、中抗稻瘟病等优势,于2021年4月通过浙江审定(浙审稻2021019),2021—2023年先后通过了江西省[(赣)引种〔2021〕第001号]、安徽省(皖引稻2021066)、福建省[(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号]、湖北省(鄂引种2022055)的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中稻种植。文章介绍了嘉丰优3号的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉禾优7245的选育及制种技术

嘉禾优7245是中国水稻研究所联合嘉兴市农业科学研究院等多家单位,以嘉禾212A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与中恢7245(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、抗倒伏等优势,于2017年7月通过国家审定(国审稻20170064),2020—2022年先后通过了广西壮族自治区(桂审稻2020220号)、广西壮族自治区晚稻(桂审稻2022093号)、江西省(赣审稻20210016)的品种审定,2022年通过福建省:(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中、晚稻种植。文章介绍了嘉禾优7245的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

六安市裕安区小麦生产调查及高产栽培途径探讨

从调查研究入手,总结了六安市裕安区小麦生产成功经验及其存在的问题,并从品种布局、适期播种、合理群体结构、配方施肥、病虫草害防治等方面提出了小麦高产栽培措施,为今后小麦高质量生产提供技术参考。

One-pot synthesis of hexagonal NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er microcrystals with enhanced upconversion emission and high production yield

In this work,monodisperseβ-NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er microcrystals with intense upconversion emission were synthesized via a modified hydrothermal method.With the increase of reactant concentration,their production yield is increased obviously,and the upconversion emission intensity inβ-NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er microcrystals is also enhanced significantly.The luminescence enhancement should be attributed to minimal internal OH defects,validated by a combination of analytical X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectrum(EDS),and Eu^(3+)structural probe measurements.We also reveal that high Na^(+):RE~(3+)ratio in theβ-NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er microcrystals prepared under Na^(~)+-rich reaction will arouse the increased repulsive energy ofβ-NaLuF_(4)microcrystals between F^(~)-and OH^(~)-anions and then facilitate the substitution of large OH^(-)ions by small F^(~)-ions under F^(~)--rich reaction conditions.Minimal OH^(-)concentrations can limit nonradiative relaxation and promote excitation energy harvesting for high upconversion efficiency.The presented results not only offer a facile method for the simultaneous production yield and luminescence intensity increase ofβ-NaREF_(4)microcrystals,but also uncover a better insight into the upconversion emission alterations,which is favorable to broaden their practical applications.

高产三系杂交中稻荃优9的选育及栽培制种技术

荃优9是长沙碧盈农业科技有限公司与安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司合作选育的籼型三系杂交中稻迟熟组合,以籼型细胞质雄性不育系荃9311A为母本、R1833为父本配组选育而成,具有产量高、生育期适中、广适性、抗倒伏等特点。2022年通过湖南省农作物品种审定。介绍了荃优9选育的具体过程,以及该品种在区域试验中农艺性状表现,并对其丰产栽培技术和高产制种技术进行了探究,以期为推广应用提供数据支撑。

玉米生产全程机械化高产栽培技术要点

玉米的生产效率直接关系到粮食安全和农业经济的发展。玉米生产全程机械化是提高生产效率、降低成本、增加农民收入的重要途径。高产栽培技术的应用,不仅能够提升玉米的产量和品质,还能增强农业的抗风险能力。探讨了玉米生产全程机械化高产栽培技术的关键要点,分析其在实际生产中的应用效果,为玉米种植户提供科学的种植指导。

两系杂交水稻新组合F两优658选育及高产栽培技术

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